IP地址的存储和使用

ip地址使用int类型存储，用INET_NTOA()和INET_ATON()转换

mysql> select inet_ntoa('2130706433'),inet_aton('127.0.0.1'); 

+-------------------------+------------------------+ 

| inet_ntoa('2130706433') | inet_aton('127.0.0.1') | 

+-------------------------+------------------------+ 

| 127.0.0.1 | 2130706433 | 

+-------------------------+------------------------+ 

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1.环境

mysql ----5.6.13

mysql> show create table test \G;

*************************** 1. row *************************** 

Table: test 

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test` ( 

`id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 

`ip_from` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, 

`ip_to` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, 

PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 

KEY `idx_ip` (`ip_from`,`ip_to`), 

KEY `idx_ip_from` (`ip_from`) 

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9568111 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin 

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

ERROR: 

No query specified



------------------------------------------------------

mysql> show index from test;

+-------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |

+-------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

| test | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 9289578 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | | 

| test | 1 | idx_ip | 1 | ip_from | A | 9289578 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |

| test | 1 | idx_ip | 2 | ip_to | A | 9289578 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | | 

| test | 1 | idx_ip_from | 1 | ip_from | A | 9289578 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |

+-------+------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 



mysql> select count(*) from test; 

+----------+ 

| count(*) | 

+----------+ 

| 9541210 | 

+----------+ 

1 row in set (2.84 sec)

 2.使用

查询某个值属于哪个ip段。

• SELECT * FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 AND ip_to>=2352356;

mysql> explain SELECT * FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 AND ip_to>=2352356;

+----+-------------+-------+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | idx_ip,idx_ip_from | idx_ip | 5 | NULL | 1 | Using index condition |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.08 sec)

 

• 这个方式对索引进行了范围全扫描，耗时较长。

• SELECT * FROM test WHERE id IN ( SELECT id FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 AND ip_to>=2352356 );

mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM test WHERE id IN (

-> SELECT id FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 AND ip_to>=2352356 ); 

+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------+------+--------------------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------+------+--------------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | PRIMARY,idx_ip,idx_ip_from | idx_ip | 5 | NULL | 1 | Using where; Using index | 

| 1 | SIMPLE | test | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 8 | ip2location.test.id | 1 | NULL |

+----+-------------+-------+--------+----------------------------+---------+---------+---------------------+------+--------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> status; 

-------------- 

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.35, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 6.2

Connection id: 4305567 

Current database: ip2location 

Current user: ip2location@10.1.255.10 

SSL: Not in use 

Current pager: stdout 

Using outfile: '' 

Using delimiter: ; 

Server version: 5.6.13-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) 

Protocol version: 10 

Connection: ip2location.cgs2bjzqxcxl.us-east-1.rds.amazonaws.com via TCP/IP 

Insert id: 1 

Server characterset: latin1 

Db characterset: latin1 

Client characterset: utf8 

Conn. characterset: utf8 

TCP port: 3306 

Uptime: 30 days 18 hours 51 min 44 sec

Threads: 4 Questions: 21017670 Slow queries: 4 Opens: 188007 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 147 Queries per second avg: 7.901



--------------------------------------------- 



mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM test WHERE id IN ( 

-> SELECT id FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 AND ip_to>=2352356 ); 

+----+--------------------+-------+-----------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+------+--------+-------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+--------------------+-------+-----------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+------+--------+-------------+

| 1 | PRIMARY | test | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 206509 | Using where |

| 2 | DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | test | unique_subquery | PRIMARY,idx_ip,idx_ip_from | PRIMARY | 8 | func | 1 | Using where |

+----+--------------------+-------+-----------------+----------------------------+---------+---------+------+--------+-------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> status; 

-------------- 

mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.37, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

Connection id: 5 

Current database: howe 

Current user: root@localhost 

SSL: Not in use 

Current pager: stdout 

Using outfile: '' 

Using delimiter: ; 

Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution 

Protocol version: 10 

Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket 

Server characterset: utf8 

Db characterset: utf8 

Client characterset: utf8 

Conn. characterset: utf8 

UNIX socket: /home/mysql/mysql5/tmp/mysql.sock 

Uptime: 6 min 52 sec

Threads: 3 Questions: 208 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.504

--------------

 不同版本对IN的处理方式不同，5.6优于以前的版本

•  SELECT * FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 ORDER BY ip_from DESC LIMIT 1;

mysql> explain SELECT * FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 ORDER BY ip_from DESC LIMIT 1;

+----+-------------+-------+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | idx_ip,idx_ip_from | idx_ip | 5 | NULL | 1 | Using index condition |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+--------------------+--------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 删除idx_ip索引。

mysql> explain SELECT * FROM test WHERE ip_from<=2352356 ORDER BY ip_from DESC LIMIT 1;

+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | idx_ip_from | idx_ip_from | 5 | NULL | 1 | Using index condition |

+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+-----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 这个方式是最优。利用了ip段的特性、order by、limit。