反射机制
是在运行状态中,对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法; 对于任意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意属性和方法; 这种动态获取信息以及动态调用对象方法的功能称为Java语言的反射机制。
三种方式分类
示例代码
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void study(){
System.out.println("学生在学习");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
public class ReflectDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1.Class类中的静态方法forName("全类名")
//全类名:包名 + 类名
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect2.Student");
System.out.println(clazz);
//2.通过class属性来获取
Class clazz2 = Student.class;
System.out.println(clazz2);
//3.利用对象的getClass方法来获取class对象
//getClass方法是定义在Object类中.
Student s = new Student();
Class clazz3 = s.getClass();
System.out.println(clazz3);
System.out.println(clazz == clazz2);
System.out.println(clazz2 == clazz3);
}
}
方法介绍
方法名 | 说明 |
---|---|
Constructor>[] getConstructors() | 返回所有公共构造方法对象的数组 |
Constructor>[] getDeclaredConstructors() | 返回所有构造方法对象的数组 |
Constructor |
返回单个公共构造方法对象 |
Constructor |
返回单个构造方法对象 |
示例代码
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
//私有的有参构造方法
private Student(String name) {
System.out.println("name的值为:" + name);
System.out.println("private...Student...有参构造方法");
}
//公共的无参构造方法
public Student() {
System.out.println("public...Student...无参构造方法");
}
//公共的有参构造方法
public Student(String name, int age) {
System.out.println("name的值为:" + name + "age的值为:" + age);
System.out.println("public...Student...有参构造方法");
}
}
public class ReflectDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
//method1();
//method2();
//method3();
//method4();
}
private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
// Constructor getDeclaredConstructor(Class>... parameterTypes):
// 返回单个构造方法对象
//1.获取Class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
Constructor constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
System.out.println(constructor);
}
private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
// Constructor getConstructor(Class>... parameterTypes):
// 返回单个公共构造方法对象
//1.获取Class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
//小括号中,一定要跟构造方法的形参保持一致.
Constructor constructor1 = clazz.getConstructor();
System.out.println(constructor1);
Constructor constructor2 = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
System.out.println(constructor2);
//因为Student类中,没有只有一个int的构造,所以这里会报错.
Constructor constructor3 = clazz.getConstructor(int.class);
System.out.println(constructor3);
}
private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException {
// Constructor>[] getDeclaredConstructors():
// 返回所有构造方法对象的数组
//1.获取Class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
}
private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException {
// Constructor>[] getConstructors():
// 返回所有公共构造方法对象的数组
//1.获取Class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
}
}
方法介绍
方法名 | 说明 |
---|---|
T newInstance(Object...initargs) | 根据指定的构造方法创建对象 |
setAccessible(boolean flag) | 设置为true,表示取消访问检查 |
示例代码
// Student类同上一个示例,这里就不在重复提供了
public class ReflectDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
//T newInstance(Object... initargs):根据指定的构造方法创建对象
//method1();
//method2();
//method3();
//method4();
}
private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
//获取一个私有的构造方法并创建对象
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
//2.获取一个私有化的构造方法.
Constructor constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
//被private修饰的成员,不能直接使用的
//如果用反射强行获取并使用,需要临时取消访问检查
constructor.setAccessible(true);
//3.直接创建对象
Student student = (Student) constructor.newInstance("zhangsan");
System.out.println(student);
}
private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
//简写格式
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
//2.在Class类中,有一个newInstance方法,可以利用空参直接创建一个对象
Student student = (Student) clazz.newInstance();//这个方法现在已经过时了,了解一下
System.out.println(student);
}
private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
//2.获取构造方法对象
Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor();
//3.利用空参来创建Student的对象
Student student = (Student) constructor.newInstance();
System.out.println(student);
}
private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect3.Student");
//2.获取构造方法对象
Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor(String.class, int.class);
//3.利用newInstance创建Student的对象
Student student = (Student) constructor.newInstance("zhangsan", 23);
System.out.println(student);
}
}
获取class对象
三种方式: Class.forName(“全类名”), 类名.class, 对象名.getClass()
获取里面的构造方法对象
getConstructor (Class>... parameterTypes) getDeclaredConstructor (Class>... parameterTypes)
如果是public的,直接创建对象
newInstance(Object... initargs)
如果是非public的,需要临时取消检查,然后再创建对象
setAccessible(boolean) 暴力反射
方法分类
方法名 | 说明 |
---|---|
Field[] getFields() | 返回所有公共成员变量对象的数组 |
Field[] getDeclaredFields() | 返回所有成员变量对象的数组 |
Field getField(String name) | 返回单个公共成员变量对象 |
Field getDeclaredField(String name) | 返回单个成员变量对象 |
示例代码
public class Student {
public String name;
public int age;
public String gender;
private int money = 300;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}
public class ReflectDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
// method1();
//method2();
//method3();
//method4();
}
private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
// Field getDeclaredField(String name):返回单个成员变量对象
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect4.Student");
//2.获取money成员变量
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("money");
//3.打印一下
System.out.println(field);
}
private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
// Field getField(String name):返回单个公共成员变量对象
//想要获取的成员变量必须是真实存在的
//且必须是public修饰的.
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect4.Student");
//2.获取name这个成员变量
//Field field = clazz.getField("name");
//Field field = clazz.getField("name1");
Field field = clazz.getField("money");
//3.打印一下
System.out.println(field);
}
private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException {
// Field[] getDeclaredFields():返回所有成员变量对象的数组
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect4.Student");
//2.获取所有的Field对象
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
//3.遍历
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
}
private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException {
// Field[] getFields():返回所有公共成员变量对象的数组
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect4.Student");
//2.获取Field对象.
Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();
//3.遍历
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
}
}
方法介绍
方法名 | 说明 |
---|---|
void set(Object obj, Object value) | 赋值 |
Object get(Object obj) | 获取值 |
示例代码
// Student类同上一个示例,这里就不在重复提供了
public class ReflectDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
// Object get(Object obj) 返回由该 Field表示的字段在指定对象上的值。
//method1();
//method2();
}
private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect4.Student");
//2.获取成员变量Field的对象
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("money");
//3.取消一下访问检查
field.setAccessible(true);
//4.调用get方法来获取值
//4.1创建一个对象
Student student = (Student) clazz.newInstance();
//4.2获取指定对象的money的值
Object o = field.get(student);
//5.打印一下
System.out.println(o);
}
private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
// void set(Object obj, Object value):给obj对象的成员变量赋值为value
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect4.Student");
//2.获取name这个Field对象
Field field = clazz.getField("name");
//3.利用set方法进行赋值.
//3.1先创建一个Student对象
Student student = (Student) clazz.newInstance();
//3.2有了对象才可以给指定对象进行赋值
field.set(student,"zhangsan");
System.out.println(student);
}
}
方法分类
方法名 | 说明 |
---|---|
Method[] getMethods() | 返回所有公共成员方法对象的数组,包括继承的 |
Method[] getDeclaredMethods() | 返回所有成员方法对象的数组,不包括继承的 |
Method getMethod(String name, Class>... parameterTypes) | 返回单个公共成员方法对象 |
Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class>... parameterTypes) | 返回单个成员方法对象 |
示例代码
public class Student {
//私有的,无参无返回值
private void show() {
System.out.println("私有的show方法,无参无返回值");
}
//公共的,无参无返回值
public void function1() {
System.out.println("function1方法,无参无返回值");
}
//公共的,有参无返回值
public void function2(String name) {
System.out.println("function2方法,有参无返回值,参数为" + name);
}
//公共的,无参有返回值
public String function3() {
System.out.println("function3方法,无参有返回值");
return "aaa";
}
//公共的,有参有返回值
public String function4(String name) {
System.out.println("function4方法,有参有返回值,参数为" + name);
return "aaa";
}
}
public class ReflectDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
//method1();
//method2();
//method3();
//method4();
//method5();
}
private static void method5() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
// Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class>... parameterTypes):
// 返回单个成员方法对象
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect5.Student");
//2.获取一个成员方法show
Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("show");
//3.打印一下
System.out.println(method);
}
private static void method4() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect5.Student");
//2.获取一个有形参的方法function2
Method method = clazz.getMethod("function2", String.class);
//3.打印一下
System.out.println(method);
}
private static void method3() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException {
// Method getMethod(String name, Class>... parameterTypes) :
// 返回单个公共成员方法对象
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect5.Student");
//2.获取成员方法function1
Method method1 = clazz.getMethod("function1");
//3.打印一下
System.out.println(method1);
}
private static void method2() throws ClassNotFoundException {
// Method[] getDeclaredMethods():
// 返回所有成员方法对象的数组,不包括继承的
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect5.Student");
//2.获取Method对象
Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
//3.遍历一下数组
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println(method);
}
}
private static void method1() throws ClassNotFoundException {
// Method[] getMethods():返回所有公共成员方法对象的数组,包括继承的
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect5.Student");
//2.获取成员方法对象
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
//3.遍历
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println(method);
}
}
}
方法介绍
方法名 | 说明 |
---|---|
Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args) | 运行方法 |
参数一: 用obj对象调用该方法
参数二: 调用方法的传递的参数(如果没有就不写)
返回值: 方法的返回值(如果没有就不写)
示例代码
public class ReflectDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
// Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args):运行方法
// 参数一:用obj对象调用该方法
// 参数二:调用方法的传递的参数(如果没有就不写)
// 返回值:方法的返回值(如果没有就不写)
//1.获取class对象
Class clazz = Class.forName("com.wedu.myreflect5.Student");
//2.获取里面的Method对象 function4
Method method = clazz.getMethod("function4", String.class);
//3.运行function4方法就可以了
//3.1创建一个Student对象,当做方法的调用者
Student student = (Student) clazz.newInstance();
//3.2运行方法
Object result = method.invoke(student, "zhangsan");
//4.打印一下返回值
System.out.println(result);
}
}