《Web设计大全》读书笔记之三

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">可用性是每在特定的使用环境下,一个站点可以被一组用户有效、高效且满意地实现某个目标所能达到的程度。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">不存在关于什么是可用的站点的绝对观点。可用性在用户访问站点时会有很大的变化。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">可用性依赖于使用的媒体。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">可用性依赖于站点的类型和用户对它的熟悉程度。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">可用性和用户满意度是直接相关的。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">浏览器不使用网站,使用网站的是人。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">不存在一个共性的人。始终设想是一个真正的人在访问你的站点。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">不要将具有相似色调的文本、图像和背景色一起使用。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">不要将具有相似饱和度的文本、图像和背景色一起使用。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">保持较高的对比度。不要将具有相似亮度的文本、图像和背景色一起使用。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">避免使用繁杂的背景图案。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">确信用来区分条目(如链接体)的颜色在两个方面有显著的差别,如色调和亮度。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">用户试图以最小的工作量取得最大的收益。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">识别比记忆容易,因此不要强迫用户记住信息。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">不要使访问过和未访问过的链接具有相同的样式和颜色,这样会强迫用户记住是否访问过这个链接体。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">既然形象记忆较容易,那么将那些需要记住的网页做得看起来和其他网页不同。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">把相似的选项限制在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5</span></span><span style="">~</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">9</span></span><span style="">个。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">只寄希望于用户能记住三个连续的项目。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">用户所愿意等待的时间正比于他所能得到的回报。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">当响应时间如网页加载超过</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">30s</span></span><span style="">时,试图给用户提供你自己的反馈信息如加载进度条。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">时间对用户来说比下载的字节数更重要。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">在用户的思考时间里预加载,可以提高</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Web</span></span><span style="">网页的响应时间。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">在访问线型结构的网页时,使用预加载。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">如果网页上的元素不同,就让它们有明显差异。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">尽量限制同一网页上的干扰因素,把网页上不和谐的对象分开,以免它们在视觉上相互干扰而用户不能专注于他们感兴趣的内容。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">感觉适应确实也在</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Web</span></span><span style="">上发生。如果想得到用户的完全注意,必须经常显著改变这些事物。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">尽量优化站点中所有网页的键盘优化访问,而不仅仅是形成网页。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">在连续的选择之间,尽量减小鼠标移动距离。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">尽量减少在屏幕的主要活动区和返回按钮之间的鼠标移动量。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">保证可点击区域的足够空间,以便于用户的快速移动和精确点击。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">始终要记住,需要把站点带入用户的世界,而不是别的地方。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">考虑用户访问站点的可能环境的特征。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">创建具有自适应能力的站点是为了满足新手、中间级和高级用户的需求。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">如果不能设计自适应的用户界面,那么就为一般能力的用户做设计。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">用户把过去的关于世界、软件和</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Web</span></span><span style="">的知识带到站点。必须让站点符合他们的期望。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">不要偏离主流站点确定的通用界面规则。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">尽量早地且经常性地与用户一起测试。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">在进行不严格的可用性测试时,尽量避免谈得太多或引导用户。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">不要让可用性问题成为或避免站点的其他方面如外观、技术或经济的借口。</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style=""><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><span style="font-size: small;">l</span><span style='font: 7pt "Times New Roman";'> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="">实践“拉期维加斯”式的</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Web</span></span><span style="">设计。为用户提供一个振奋的仿佛有无数选择的愉悦体验,但应该始终严格地控制局面。</span></span><span lang="EN-US"></span></p>

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