Hadoop vs Spark性能对比
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/jerrylead/archive/2012/08/13/2636149.html
基于Spark-0.4和Hadoop-0.20.2
1. Kmeans
数据：自己产生的三维数据，分别围绕正方形的8个顶点
{0, 0, 0}, {0, 10, 0}, {0, 0, 10}, {0, 10, 10},
{10, 0, 0}, {10, 0, 10}, {10, 10, 0}, {10, 10, 10}
| Point number |
189,918,082 （1亿9千万个三维点） |
| Capacity |
10GB |
| HDFS Location |
/user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-10GB.txt |
程序逻辑：
| 读取HDFS上的block到内存，每个block转化为RDD，里面包含vector。 然后对RDD进行map操作，抽取每个vector（point）对应的类号，输出（K,V）为（class，（Point，1）），组成新的RDD。 然后再reduce之前，对每个新的RDD进行combine，在RDD内部算出每个class的中心和。使得每个RDD的输出只有最多K个KV对。 最后进行reduce得到新的RDD（内容的Key是class，Value是中心和，再经过map后得到最后的中心。 |
先上传到HDFS上，然后在Master上运行
| root@master:/opt/spark# ./run spark.examples.SparkKMeans master@master:5050 hdfs://master:9000/user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-10GB.txt 8 2.0 |
迭代执行Kmeans算法。
一共160个task。（160 * 64MB = 10GB）
利用了32个CPU cores，18.9GB的内存。
每个机器的内存消耗为4.5GB （共40GB）（本身points数据10GB*2，Map后中间数据(K, V) => (int, (vector, 1)) （大概10GB）
最后结果：
| 0.505246194 s Final centers: Map(5 -> (13.997101228817169, 9.208875044622895, -2.494072457488311), 8 -> (-2.33522333047955, 9.128892414676326, 1.7923150585737604), 7 -> (8.658031587043952, 2.162306996983008, 17.670646829079146), 3 -> (11.530154433698268, 0.17834347219956842, 9.224352885937776), 4 -> (12.722903153986868, 8.812883284216143, 0.6564509961064319), 1 -> (6.458644369071984, 11.345681702383024, 7.041924994173552), 6 -> (12.887793408866614, -1.5189406469928937, 9.526393664105957), 2 -> (2.3345459304412164, 2.0173098597285533, 1.4772489989976143)) |
50MB/s 10GB => 3.5min
10MB/s 10GB => 15min
在20GB的数据上测试
| Point number |
377,370,313 （3亿7千万个三维点） |
| Capacity |
20GB |
| HDFS Location |
/user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-20GB.txt |
运行测试命令：
| root@master:/opt/spark# ./run spark.examples.SparkKMeans master@master:5050 hdfs://master:9000/user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-20GB.txt 8 2.0 | tee mylogs/sqaure-20GB-kmeans.log |
得到聚类结果：
| Final centers: Map(5 -> (-0.47785701742763115, -1.5901830956323306, -0.18453046159033773), 8 -> (1.1073911553593858, 9.051671594514225, -0.44722211311446924), 7 -> (1.4960397239284795, 10.173412443492643, -1.7932911100570954), 3 -> (-1.4771114031182642, 9.046878176063172, -2.4747981387714444), 4 -> (-0.2796747780312184, 0.06910629855122015, 10.268115903887612), 1 -> (10.467618592186486, -1.168580362309453, -1.0462842137817263), 6 -> (0.7569895433952736, 0.8615441990490469, 9.552726007309518), 2 -> (10.807948500515304, -0.5368803187391366, 0.04258123037074164)) |
基本就是8个中心点
内存消耗：（每个节点大约5.8GB），共50GB左右。
内存分析：
20GB原始数据，20GB的Map输出
| 迭代次数 |
时间 |
| 1 |
108 s |
| 2 |
0.93 s |
12/06/05 11:11:08 INFO spark.CacheTracker: Looking for RDD partition 2:302
12/06/05 11:11:08 INFO spark.CacheTracker: Found partition in cache!
在20GB的数据上测试（迭代更多的次数）
| root@master:/opt/spark# ./run spark.examples.SparkKMeans master@master:5050 hdfs://master:900 0/user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-20GB.txt 8 0.8 |
Task数目：320
时间：
| 迭代次数 |
时间 |
| 1 |
100.9 s |
| 2 |
0.93 s |
| 3 |
4.6 s |
| 4 |
3.9 s |
| 5 |
3.9 s |
| 6 |
3.9 s |
迭代轮数对内存容量的影响：
基本没有什么影响，主要内存消耗：20GB的输入数据RDD，20GB的中间数据。
| Final centers: Map(5 -> (-4.728089224526789E-5, 3.17334874733142E-5, -2.0605806380414582E-4), 8 -> (1.1841686358289191E-4, 10.000062966002101, 9.999933240005394), 7 -> (9.999976672588097, 10.000199556926772, -2.0695123602840933E-4), 3 -> (-1.3506815993198176E-4, 9.999948270638338, 2.328148782609023E-5), 4 -> (3.2493629851483764E-4, -7.892413981250518E-5, 10.00002515017671), 1 -> (10.00004313126956, 7.431996896171192E-6, 7.590402882208648E-5), 6 -> (9.999982611661382, 10.000144597573051, 10.000037734639696), 2 -> (9.999958673426654, -1.1917651103354863E-4, 9.99990217533504)) |
结果可视化
2. HdfsTest
测试逻辑：
| package spark.examples import spark._ object HdfsTest { def main(args: Array[String]) { val sc = new SparkContext(args(0), "HdfsTest") val file = sc.textFile(args(1)) val mapped = file.map(s => s.length).cache() for (iter <- 1 to 10) { val start = System.currentTimeMillis() for (x <- mapped) { x + 2 } // println("Processing: " + x) val end = System.currentTimeMillis() println("Iteration " + iter + " took " + (end-start) + " ms") } } } |
首先去HDFS上读取一个文本文件保存在file
再次计算file中每行的字符数，保存在内存RDD的mapped中
然后读取mapped中的每一个字符数，将其加2，计算读取+相加的耗时
只有map，没有reduce。
测试10GB的Wiki
实际测试的是RDD的读取性能。
| root@master:/opt/spark# ./run spark.examples.HdfsTest master@master:5050 hdfs://master:9000:/user/LijieXu/Wikipedia/txt/enwiki-20110405.txt |
测试结果：
| Iteration 1 took 12900 ms = 12s Iteration 2 took 388 ms Iteration 3 took 472 ms Iteration 4 took 490 ms Iteration 5 took 459 ms Iteration 6 took 492 ms Iteration 7 took 480 ms Iteration 8 took 501 ms Iteration 9 took 479 ms Iteration 10 took 432 ms |
每个node的内存消耗为2.7GB （共9.4GB * 3）
实际测试的是RDD的读取性能。
| root@master:/opt/spark# ./run spark.examples.HdfsTest master@master:5050 hdfs://master:9000/user/LijieXu/Wikipedia/txt/enwiki-20110405.txt |
测试90GB的RandomText数据
| root@master:/opt/spark# ./run spark.examples.HdfsTest master@master:5050 hdfs://master:9000/user/LijieXu/RandomText90GB/RandomText90GB |
耗时：
| 迭代次数 |
耗时 |
| 1 |
111.905310882 s |
| 2 |
4.681715228 s |
| 3 |
4.469296148 s |
| 4 |
4.441203887 s |
| 5 |
1.999792125 s |
| 6 |
2.151376037 s |
| 7 |
1.889345699 s |
| 8 |
1.847487668 s |
| 9 |
1.827241743 s |
| 10 |
1.747547323 s |
内存总消耗30GB左右。
单个节点的资源消耗：
3. 测试WordCount
写程序：
| import spark.SparkContext import SparkContext._ object WordCount { def main(args: Array[String]) { if (args.length < 2) { System.err.println("Usage: wordcount <master> <jar>") System.exit(1) } val sp = new SparkContext(args(0), "wordcount", "/opt/spark", List(args(1))) val file = sp.textFile("hdfs://master:9000/user/LijieXu/Wikipedia/txt/enwiki-20110405.txt"); val counts = file.flatMap(line => line.split(" ")).map(word => (word, 1)).reduceByKey(_ + _) counts.saveAsTextFile("hdfs://master:9000/user/Output/WikiResult3") } } |
打包成mySpark.jar，上传到Master的/opt/spark/newProgram。
运行程序：
| root@master:/opt/spark# ./run -cp newProgram/mySpark.jar WordCount master@master:5050 newProgram/mySpark.jar |
Mesos自动将jar拷贝到执行节点，然后执行。
内存消耗：（10GB输入file + 10GB的flatMap + 15GB的Map中间结果（word，1））
还有部分内存不知道分配到哪里了。
耗时：50 sec（未经过排序）
Hadoop WordCount耗时：120 sec到140 sec
结果未排序
单个节点：
Hadoop测试
Kmeans
运行Mahout里的Kmeans
| root@master:/opt/mahout-distribution-0.6# bin/mahout org.apache.mahout.clustering.syntheticcontrol.kmeans.Job -Dmapred.reduce.tasks=36 -i /user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-20GB.txt -o output -t1 3 -t2 1.5 -cd 0.8 -k 8 -x 6 |
在运行（320个map，1个reduce）
Canopy Driver running buildClusters over input: output/data
时某个slave的资源消耗情况
Completed Jobs
| Jobid |
Name |
Map Total |
Reduce Total |
Time |
| Input Driver running over input: /user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-10GB.txt |
160 |
0 |
1分2秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-0/part-randomSeed |
160 |
1 |
1分6秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-1 |
160 |
1 |
1分7秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-2 |
160 |
1 |
1分7秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-3 |
160 |
1 |
1分6秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-4 |
160 |
1 |
1分6秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-5 |
160 |
1 |
1分5秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running clusterData over input: output/data |
160 |
0 |
55秒 |
|
| Input Driver running over input: /user/LijieXu/Kmeans/Square-20GB.txt |
320 |
0 |
1分31秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-0/part-randomSeed |
320 |
36 |
1分46秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-1 |
320 |
36 |
1分46秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-2 |
320 |
36 |
1分46秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running runIteration over clustersIn: output/clusters-3 |
320 |
36 |
1分47秒 |
|
| KMeans Driver running clusterData over input: output/data |
320 |
0 |
1分34秒 |
运行多次10GB、20GB上的Kmeans，资源消耗
Hadoop WordCount测试
Spark交互式运行
进入Master的/opt/spark
运行
| MASTER=master@master:5050 ./spark-shell |
打开Mesos版本的spark
在master:8080可以看到framework
Active Frameworks
| ID |
User |
Name |
Running Tasks |
CPUs |
MEM |
Max Share |
Connected |
| 201206050924-0-0018 |
root |
0 |
0 |
0.0 MB |
0.00 |
2012-06-06 21:12:56 |
| scala> val file = sc.textFile("hdfs://master:9000/user/LijieXu/Wikipedia/txt/enwiki-20110405.txt") scala> file.first scala> val words = file.map(_.split(' ')).filter(_.size < 100) //得到RDD[Array[String]] scala> words.cache scala> words.filter(_.contains("Beijing")).count 12/06/06 22:12:33 INFO SparkContext: Job finished in 10.862765819 s res1: Long = 855 scala> words.filter(_.contains("Beijing")).count 12/06/06 22:12:52 INFO SparkContext: Job finished in 0.71051464 s res2: Long = 855 scala> words.filter(_.contains("Shanghai")).count 12/06/06 22:13:23 INFO SparkContext: Job finished in 0.667734427 s res3: Long = 614 scala> words.filter(_.contains("Guangzhou")).count 12/06/06 22:13:42 INFO SparkContext: Job finished in 0.800617719 s res4: Long = 134 |
由于GC的问题，不能cache很大的数据集。