Spring MVC框架二：创建第一个MVC程序
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有两种方式
利用配置
1、利用IDEA新建一个Maven项目，添加一个web支持
2、导入常用的依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>4.12version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>2.5version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
<artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
<version>2.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
dependencies>
3、配置web.xml，注册DispatcherServlet
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
4、编写SpringMVC的配置文件，文件名为springmvc-servlet.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping">bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter">bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/">property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp">property>
bean>
5、编写要操作的业务Controller，要么实现接口，要么增加注解，需要返回一个ModelAndView，装数据，封视图
package com.www.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
//ModelAndView 模型和视图
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
String result = "HelloSpringMVC";
//封装对象，放在ModelAndView中
mv.addObject("msg",result);
//封装要跳转的视图，放在ModelAndView中
mv.setViewName("test");//WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp
return mv;
}
}
6、将类交给SpringIOC容器，注册bean
<bean id="/hello" class="com.www.controller.HelloController">bean>
beans>
7、写要跳转的jsp页面，显示ModelAndView存放的数据
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
Title
${msg}
8、配置Tomcat启动测试
可能遇到的问题：访问出现404，排查步骤：
1.查看控制台输出，看一下是不是缺少了什么jar包。
2.如果jar包存在，显示无法输出，就在IDEA的项目发布中，添加lib依赖！
3.重启Tomcat 即可解决！
利用注解
1、新建一个Maven项目，添加web支持，配置好依赖，子项目的话就不用了
2、由于Maven可能存在资源过滤的问题，所以在之前的xml文件中添加如下内容
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>truefiltering>
resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/javadirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>truefiltering>
resource>
resources>
build>
3、配置web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
web-app>
4、添加Spring MVC配置文件
在resource目录下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件，配置的形式与Spring容器配置基本类似，为了支持基于注解的IOC，设置了自动扫描包的功能
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.www.controller"/>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
bean>
beans>
在视图解析器中我们把所有的视图都存放在/WEB-INF/目录下，这样可以保证视图安全，因为这个目录下的文件，客户端不能直接访问
5、创建一个控制类
package com.www.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/h1")
public String hello(Model model){
model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,SpringMVC6666666");
return "hello";
}
}
结语
创作不易，希望能对大家给予帮助
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