函数nvl,nvl2,nullif,coalesce

NVL: Converts a null value to an actual value
NVL2:If expr1 is not null, NVL2 returns expr2. If expr1 is null, NVL2 returns expr3. The argument expr1 can have any data type.
NULLIF:Compares two expressions and returns null if they are equal; returns the first expression if they are not equal
COALESCE:Returns the first non-null expression in the expression list.

nvl(COMMISSION_PCT,0)
如果第一个参数为null,则返回第二个参数
如果第一个参数为非null,则返回第一个参数

SQL> select * from emp;



     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL       COMM     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00        800                    20

      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00       1600        300         30

      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00       1250        500         30

      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00       2975                    20

      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00       1250       1400         30

      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00       2850                    30

      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00       2450                    10

      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00       3000                    20

      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            1981-11-17 00:00:00       5000                    10

      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00       1500          0         30

      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00       1100                    20

      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00        950                    30

      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000                    20

      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300                    10

      1111 rusky      clerk           7698                                       111         20



已选择15行。



SQL> select nvl(comm,0) from emp;



NVL(COMM,0)

-----------

          0

        300

        500

          0

       1400

          0

          0

          0

          0

          0

          0

          0

          0

          0

        111



已选择15行。



SQL>

NVL2(COMMISSION_PCT,'SAL_COMM','SAL')
如果第一个参数为null,则返回第三个参数
如果第一个参数为非null,则返回第二个参数

(例:如果奖金为空,则返回工资,如果奖金非空,则返回奖金与工资总和)

SQL> select nvl2(comm,comm+nvl(sal,0),nvl(sal,0)) from emp;



NVL2(COMM,COMM+NVL(SAL,0),NVL(SAL,0))

-------------------------------------

                                  800

                                 1900

                                 1750

                                 2975

                                 2650

                                 2850

                                 2450

                                 3000

                                 5000

                                 1500

                                 1100

                                  950

                                 3000

                                 1300

                                  111



已选择15行。

nullif(expr1,expr2)

如果两个参数值相等,则返回 null
如果两个参数不等,则返回第一个表达式值

SQL> select nullif(to_char(hiredate,'YYYY'),'1981') from emp;



NULL

----

1980













1987





1987





1982





已选择15行。



SQL>

COALESCE(EXPR1,EXPR2,EXPR3...EXPRn)
从左往右数,遇到第一个非null值,则返回该非null值。多层判断

SQL> select coalesce(sal+comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),nvl(sal,0)+nvl(comm,0)) from emp;



COALESCE(SAL+COMM,SAL+NVL(COMM,0),NVL(SAL,0)+NVL(COMM,0))

---------------------------------------------------------

                                                      800

                                                     1900

                                                     1750

                                                     2975

                                                     2650

                                                     2850

                                                     2450

                                                     3000

                                                     5000

                                                     1500

                                                     1100

                                                      950

                                                     3000

                                                     1300

                                                      111



已选择15行。



SQL>

你可能感兴趣的:(COALESCE)