【原创】开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用(12)C#随机数扩展方法

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开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用总目录:【目录】开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用总目录

前言

  真正意义上的随机数(或者随机事件)在某次产生过程中是按照实验过程中表现的分布概率随机产生的,其结果是不可预测的,是不可见的。而计算机中的随机函数是按照一定算法模拟产生的,其结果是确定的,是可见的。我们可以这样认为这个可预见的结果其出现的概率是100%。所以用计算机随机函数所产生的“随机数”并不随机,是伪随机数。伪随机数的作用在开发中的使用非常常见,因此.NET在System命名空间,提供了一个简单的Random随机数生成类型。但这个类型并不能满足所有的需求,本节开始就将陆续介绍Math.NET中有关随机数的扩展以及其他伪随机生成算法编写的随机数生成器。

  今天要介绍的是基于System.Random的扩展方法。

  如果本文显示有问题,请参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4301544.html

1.Random的扩展方法类

  Rondom扩展及随机数相关的类都在Math.NET的MathNet.Numerics.Random命名空间,今天要介绍的 RandomExtensions 类是 扩展Random的静态方法类,可以直接在System.Random的对象上使用,相关功能介绍:

1.可以直接返回填充0-1随机数据的数组,如NextDoubles方法

2.可以返回一个无限长度的IEnumerable接口对象,一直迭代返回double类型的随机数,是NextDoubleSequence方法

3.类似的还可以返回其他类型的随机数据数组,如NextBytes,NextInt32s等

4.还可以单独返回Int32类型和Int64类型的随机数,其范围在该类型的所有值域上,如NextFullRangeInt32,NextFullRangeInt64

5.还可以单独返回Int32类型和Int64类型的随机数,其范围是该类型所有值域上的非负数,如NextInt64;

2.RandomExtensions类的实现

  作为静态类,使用非常简单,为了方便理解,我将注释进行了部分翻译,贴出该类的所有源码,大家可以参考参考: 

  1 /// <summary>这个类是对System.Random类的扩展,扩展方法可以生成更多类型的伪随机数,而不是仅仅是double和Int32类型</summary>

  2 /// <remarks>这个扩展是线程安全的,并且只有在Math.NET提供的随机数发生器或者RandomSource的继承类中被调用</remarks>

  3 public static class RandomExtensions

  4 {

  5     /// <summary>使用(0-1)范围内的均匀随机数填充1个数组</summary>

  6     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>

  7     /// <param name="values">要填充随机数的数组</param>

  8     /// <remarks>这个扩展是线程安全的,并且只有在Math.NET提供的随机数发生器或者RandomSource的继承类中被调用</remarks>

  9     public static void NextDoubles(this System.Random rnd, double[] values)

 10     {

 11         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;

 12         if (rs != null)

 13         {

 14             rs.NextDoubles(values);

 15             return;

 16         }

 17 

 18         for (var i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)

 19         {

 20             values[i] = rnd.NextDouble();

 21         }

 22     }

 23 

 24     /// <summary>返回一个(0-1)范围内的均匀随机数填充1个数组</summary>

 25     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>

 26     /// <param name="count">要返回的数组的长度</param>

 27    

 28     public static double[] NextDoubles(this System.Random rnd, int count)

 29     {

 30         var values = new double[count];

 31         NextDoubles(rnd, values);

 32         return values;

 33     }

 34 

 35     /// <summary>返回1个无限的0-1均匀分布随机数序列</summary>

 36     public static IEnumerable<double> NextDoubleSequence(this System.Random rnd)

 37     {

 38         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;

 39         if (rs != null) return rs.NextDoubleSequence();

 40         return NextDoubleSequenceEnumerable(rnd);

 41     }

 42 

 43     static IEnumerable<double> NextDoubleSequenceEnumerable(System.Random rnd)

 44     {

 45         while (true)

 46         {

 47             yield return rnd.NextDouble();

 48         }

 49     }

 50 

 51     /// <summary>返回1个均匀分布的byte数组</summary>

 52     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>

 53     /// <param name="count">要返回的数组的长度</param>

 54     public static byte[] NextBytes(this System.Random rnd, int count)

 55     {

 56         var values = new byte[count];

 57         rnd.NextBytes(values);

 58         return values;

 59     }

 60 

 61     /// <summary>

 62     /// Fills an array with uniform random numbers greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.

 63     /// </summary>

 64     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>

 65     /// <param name="values">The array to fill with random values.</param>

 66     /// <param name="minInclusive">Lower bound, inclusive.</param>

 67     /// <param name="maxExclusive">Upper bound, exclusive.</param>

 68     public static void NextInt32s(this System.Random rnd, int[] values, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive)

 69     {

 70         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;

 71         if (rs != null)

 72         {

 73             rs.NextInt32s(values, minInclusive, maxExclusive);

 74             return;

 75         }

 76         for (var i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)

 77         {

 78             values[i] = rnd.Next(minInclusive, maxExclusive);

 79         }

 80     }

 81 

 82     /// <summary>

 83     /// Returns an infinite sequence of uniform random numbers greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0.

 84     /// </summary>

 85     public static IEnumerable<int> NextInt32Sequence(this System.Random rnd, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive)

 86     {

 87         var rs = rnd as RandomSource;

 88         if (rs != null)

 89         {

 90             return rs.NextInt32Sequence(minInclusive, maxExclusive);

 91         }

 92         return NextInt32SequenceEnumerable(rnd, minInclusive, maxExclusive);

 93     }

 94 

 95     static IEnumerable<int> NextInt32SequenceEnumerable(System.Random rnd, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive)

 96     {

 97         while (true)

 98         {

 99             yield return rnd.Next(minInclusive, maxExclusive);

100         }

101     }

102 

103     /// <summary>返回Int64类型的非负随机数</summary>

104     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>

105     /// <returns>

106     /// A 64-bit signed integer greater than or equal to 0, and less than <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/>; that is, 

107     /// the range of return values includes 0 but not <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/>.

108     /// </returns>

109     /// <seealso cref="NextFullRangeInt64"/>

110     public static long NextInt64(this System.Random rnd)

111     {

112         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (long)];

113 

114         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);

115         var candidate = BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);

116 

117         candidate &= long.MaxValue;

118         return (candidate == long.MaxValue) ? rnd.NextInt64() : candidate;

119     }

120 

121     /// <summary>

122     /// Returns a random number of the full Int32 range.

123     /// </summary>

124     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>

125     /// <returns>

126     /// A 32-bit signed integer of the full range, including 0, negative numbers,

127     /// <see cref="Int32.MaxValue"/> and <see cref="Int32.MinValue"/>.

128     /// </returns>

129     /// <seealso cref="System.Random.Next()"/>

130     public static int NextFullRangeInt32(this System.Random rnd)

131     {

132         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (int)];

133         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);

134         return BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer, 0);

135     }

136 

137     /// <summary>

138     /// Returns a random number of the full Int64 range.

139     /// </summary>

140     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>

141     /// <returns>

142     /// A 64-bit signed integer of the full range, including 0, negative numbers,

143     /// <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/> and <see cref="Int64.MinValue"/>.

144     /// </returns>

145     /// <seealso cref="NextInt64"/>

146     public static long NextFullRangeInt64(this System.Random rnd)

147     {

148         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (long)];

149         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);

150         return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);

151     }

152 

153     /// <summary>

154     /// Returns a nonnegative decimal floating point random number less than 1.0.

155     /// </summary>

156     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>

157     /// <returns>

158     /// A decimal floating point number greater than or equal to 0.0, and less than 1.0; that is, 

159     /// the range of return values includes 0.0 but not 1.0.

160     /// </returns>

161     public static decimal NextDecimal(this System.Random rnd)

162     {

163         decimal candidate;

164 

165         // 50.049 % chance that the number is below 1.0. Try until we have one.

166         // Guarantees that any decimal in the interval can

167         // indeed be reached, with uniform probability.

168         do

169         {

170             candidate = new decimal(

171                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),

172                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),

173                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),

174                 false,

175                 28);

176         }

177         while (candidate >= 1.0m);

178 

179         return candidate;

180     }

181 }

  其使用非常简单,这里就不再举例子。这种扩展大家也应该写过,后面几篇文章将介绍Math.NET中实现的其他算法的随机数发生器。请关注

3.资源

  源码下载:http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4264638.html

  如果本文显示有问题,请参考本文原文http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4301544.html

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