c++ concurrency serial 1: introduction

platform: vs2012

Code#include <iostream>

#include <thread>

using namespace std;

void Fun()

{

	cout<<"Say hi from thread\n";

}

int main()

{

	std::thread th(Fun);

	cout<<"Say hi from main\n";

	th.join();

	return 0;

}

输出结果

使用C++11的lambda语法

Code#include <iostream>

#include <thread>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

	std::thread th([](){

		cout<<"Sai hi from thread\n";

	});

	cout<<"Say hi from main\n";

	th.join();

	return 0;

}

创建多个线程运行

Code#include <iostream>

#include <thread>

#include <algorithm>

#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

	vector<thread> workers;

	for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

	{

		workers.push_back(std::thread([i](){

			cout<<"Sai hi from thread "<<i<<endl;

		}));

	}

	cout<<"Say hi from main\n";

	for_each(workers.begin(), workers.end(), [](std::thread& th){

		th.join();

	});

	return 0;

}

注意thread不具备copy constructor所以不能使用如下代码，否则会获取C2248错误

Code	for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

	{

		thread th([i](){

			cout<<"Sai hi from thread "<<i<<endl;

		});

		workers.push_back(th);

	}

只能使用move semantics或者称为rvalue reference

Code	for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

	{

		thread th([i](){

			cout<<"Sai hi from thread "<<i<<endl;

		});

		workers.push_back(std::move(th));

	}

Code#include <iostream>

#include <thread>

#include <vector>

#include <algorithm>

#include <cctype>

#include <string>

#include <iterator>

#include <ctime>

#include <functional>

using namespace std;

using namespace std::placeholders; // for _1, _2

#define LENGTH 10000

vector<int> doubleValues (vector<int>& v)

{

    vector<int> new_values( v.size() );

	for (vector<int>::iterator itr = v.begin(), end_itr = v	.end(); itr != end_itr; ++itr )

    {

        new_values.push_back( 2 * *itr );

    }

    return new_values;

}

string upperString(const string& s)

{

	string temp;

	//temp.reserve(s.length());

	std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), std::back_inserter(temp), [](const int c){

		return std::toupper(c);

	});

	return temp;

}

vector<string> upperStrings(const vector<string>& v)

{

	vector<string> temp(v.size());

	transform(v.begin(), v.end(), back_inserter(temp), std::bind(upperString, _1));

	return temp;

}

vector<string> upperStringsR(const vector<string>& v)

{

	vector<string> temp(v.size());

	transform(v.begin(), v.end(), back_inserter(temp), move(std::bind(upperString, _1)));

	return temp;

}

int main()

{

	vector<string> in(LENGTH, "abc*def=ghi");

	

	//cout<<"===Copy Sample==="<<endl;

	//std::clock_t bgn = clock();

	//vector<string> out = upperStrings(in);

	//cout<<"Using "<<(clock() - bgn)<<" mini seconds"<<endl;



	//cout<<"===Move Semantics==="<<endl;

	//bgn = clock();

	//vector<string> out2 = move(upperStringsR(in));

	//cout<<"Using "<<(clock() - bgn)<<" mini seconds"<<endl;

	//copy(out2.begin(), out2.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n")); 



	vector<int> v;

    for ( int i = 0; i < LENGTH; i++ )

    {

        v.push_back( i );

    }

	cout<<"===Copy Sample==="<<endl;

	std::clock_t bgn = clock();

    v = doubleValues( v );

	cout<<"Using "<<(clock() - bgn)<<" mini seconds"<<endl;



	cout<<"===Move Sample==="<<endl;

	bgn = clock();

    v = move(doubleValues( v ));

	cout<<"Using "<<(clock() - bgn)<<" mini seconds"<<endl;



	return 0;

}



	//vector<thread> workers;

	//for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)

	//{

	// thread th([i](){

	// cout<<"Sai hi from thread "<<i<<endl;

	// });

	// workers.push_back(std::move(th));

	//}

	//cout<<"Say hi from main\n";

	//for_each(workers.begin(), workers.end(), [](std::thread& th){

	// th.join();

	//});

Code#include <vector>

#include <iostream>

#include <time.h>

#include <set>

#include <algorithm>

 

const unsigned N = 3001;

 

extern bool some_test;

 

std::set<int>

get_set(int)

{

    std::set<int> s;

    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)

        while (!s.insert(std::rand()).second)

            ;

    if (some_test)

        return s;

    return std::set<int>();

}

 

std::vector<std::set<int> >

generate()

{

    std::vector<std::set<int> > v;

    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)

        v.push_back(get_set(i));

    if (some_test)

        return v;

    return std::vector<std::set<int> >();

}

 

float time_it()

{

    clock_t t1, t2, t3, t4;

    clock_t t0 = clock();

    {

    std::vector<std::set<int> > v = generate();

    t1 = clock();

    std::cout << "construction took " << (float)((t1 - t0)/(double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) << std::endl;

    std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());

    t2 = clock();

    std::cout << "sort took " << (float)((t2 - t1)/(double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) << std::endl;

    std::rotate(v.begin(), v.begin() + v.size()/2, v.end());

    t3 = clock();

    std::cout << "rotate took " << (float)((t3 - t2)/(double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) << std::endl;

    }

    t4 = clock();

    std::cout << "destruction took " << (float)((t4 - t3)/(double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC) << std::endl;

    std::cout << "done" << std::endl;

    return (float)((t4-t0)/(double)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);

}

 

int main()

{

    std::cout << "N = " << N << '\n';

    float t = time_it();

    std::cout << "Total time = " << t << '\n';

}

 

bool some_test = true;

 

同一段代码在vs2012与gcc4.8.1中表现不一样

Code

#include <iostream>

#include <thread>

#include <memory>

#include <vector>

#include <cassert>

#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void thFun(int &i)

{

	cout<<"Hi from worker "<<i<<"!\n";

}

void Init(vector<thread> &workers)

{

	for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)

	{

		//auto th = std::thread(&thFun, std::ref(i));

		auto th = std::thread(&thFun, std::ref(i));

		workers.push_back(std::move(th));

		assert(!th.joinable());

	}

}

int main()

{

	vector<thread> workers;

	Init(workers);



	cout<<"Hi from main!\n"<<endl;

	for_each(workers.begin(), workers.end(), [](std::thread&th){

		assert(th.joinable());

		th.join();

	});



	return 0;

}

前者是不管使用std::ref还是不使用都能编译通过且运行正确，后者是则必须使用std::ref才能编译通过，且运行不正确。

	typedef std::vector<std::string> StringVector;

	typedef StringVector::iterator StringVectorIter;



	enum EPackageNodeType

	{

		NodeUnKnown = 0,

		NodeNew,

		NodeDownloaded,

		NodeFinished,

		NodeFailed,

	};



	enum CapsuleAnalyzeResult

	{

		ANALYZE_OK = 0,

		INVALID_FILTER,

		INVALID_CLOSE,

		OTHER_ERROR

	};



	struct ISATZipFile

	{

		trwfUInt64	Size;	// compress size

		trwfUInt8	Tries;	// tries downloaad times

		trwfUInt8	State;	// donwload state

		std::string Name;	// name of rictable

		std::string	File;	// full path

		std::string	URL;	// full url

		ISATZipFile(): Size(0), Tries(0), State(NodeUnKnown){}

	};



	//typedef std::vector<ISATZipFile*, Framework::MFAlloc<ISATZipFile*> > ISATPackageVector;

	typedef std::vector<ISATZipFile*> ISATPackageVector;

	typedef ISATPackageVector::iterator ISATPackageVecotrIter;

	typedef ISATPackageVector* PISATPackageVector;



	inline void ReleaseISATPackageVector(ISATPackageVector& coll)

	{

		ISATPackageVecotrIter itEnd = coll.end();

		for (ISATPackageVecotrIter itPos = coll.begin(); itPos != itEnd; itPos++)

		{

			if (*itPos)

			{

				delete (*itPos);

				*itPos = nullptr;

			}

		}

		coll.clear();

	}



	inline void ReleaseISATPackageVector(PISATPackageVector& pcoll)

	{

		if (pcoll)

		{

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(*pcoll);

			delete pcoll;

			pcoll = nullptr;

		}

	}



	struct ISATIncrement

	{

		ISATPackageVector* Inserts;

		ISATPackageVector* Deletes;

		ISATPackageVector* Updates;

		ISATPackageVector* AliasInserts;

		ISATPackageVector* AliasDeletes;

		ISATPackageVector* AliasUpdates;

		ISATIncrement()

			: Inserts(new ISATPackageVector)

			, Deletes(new ISATPackageVector)

			, Updates(new ISATPackageVector)

			, AliasInserts(new ISATPackageVector)

			, AliasDeletes(new ISATPackageVector)

			, AliasUpdates(new ISATPackageVector)

		{}

		~ISATIncrement()

		{

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(Inserts);

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(Deletes);

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(Updates);

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(AliasInserts);

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(AliasDeletes);

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(AliasUpdates);

		}

	};

	//typedef std::vector<ISATIncrement*, Framework::MFAlloc<ISATIncrement*> > ISATIncrementBuilds;

	typedef std::vector<ISATIncrement*> ISATIncrementBuilds;

	typedef ISATIncrementBuilds::iterator ISATIncrementBuildsIter;

	typedef ISATIncrementBuilds * PISATIncrementBuilds;



	inline void ReleaseISATIncrementBuilds(PISATIncrementBuilds pcoll)

	{

		BOOST_FOREACH(ISATIncrement*& elem, *pcoll)

		{

			if (elem->Inserts) ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(elem->Inserts));

			if (elem->Deletes) ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(elem->Deletes));

			if (elem->Updates) ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(elem->Updates));

			if (elem->AliasInserts) ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(elem->AliasInserts));

			if (elem->AliasDeletes) ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(elem->AliasDeletes));

			if (elem->AliasUpdates) ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(elem->AliasUpdates));

		}

	}

	



	typedef struct _isatSummary

	{

		std::string strTimeStamp;

		ISATPackageVector* Image;

		ISATPackageVector* AliasImage;

		ISATIncrementBuilds* Increments;

		bool IsWeeklyBuild;

		_isatSummary():IsWeeklyBuild(false), Image(new ISATPackageVector), AliasImage(new ISATPackageVector),Increments(new ISATIncrementBuilds){

			Increments->reserve(7 * 24 * 60);

		}

		~_isatSummary(){

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(Image);

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(AliasImage);

			if (Increments)

			{

				delete Increments;

				Increments = nullptr;

			}

		}

	} ISATSummary;







#include "stdafx.h"

#include "SummaryParser.h"

#include <sstream>

#include <boost/regex.hpp>

#include <boost/foreach.hpp>

#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>

#include <ctime>

namespace IDH

{

	CSummaryParser::CSummaryParser(void)

		:	m_iCurPos(0)

		,	m_iTotalIncrement(0)

		,	m_pszFileRoot(0)

		,	m_pszURLRoot(0)

	{

		m_Elements.reserve(400000);

	}



	CSummaryParser::~CSummaryParser(void)

	{

	}



	int CSummaryParser::Parse(const char * pBuffer, const char * pszURLRoot, const char * pszFileRoot, ISATSummary* pSummary)

	{

		_ASSERT(pBuffer && pszURLRoot && pszFileRoot &&pSummary);

		if (!pBuffer || !pszURLRoot || !pszFileRoot ||!pSummary) return 1;



		m_pszFileRoot = pszFileRoot;

		m_pszURLRoot = pszURLRoot;



		if (0 != RetrieveElements(pBuffer))

		{

			cerr<<"Failed to retrieve elements from summary buffer."<<endl;

			return 1;

		}



		if (0 != ParseElements(pSummary))

		{

			cerr<<"Failed to parse elements from summary buffer."<<endl;

			return 1;

		}



		return 0;

	}



	int CSummaryParser::RetrieveElements(const char * pBuffer)

	{

		_ASSERT(pBuffer);

		PERFORMANCE_BEGIN

		clock_t _bgn = clock();

		static boost::regex rex("([^\\s=]*)", boost::regex::icase|boost::regex::perl);



		boost::cmatch what;

		

		boost::cregex_iterator itBgn = boost::make_regex_iterator(pBuffer, rex);

		boost::cregex_iterator itEnd;



		m_Elements.clear();

		m_iCurPos = 0;

		m_iTotalIncrement = 0;



		for_each(itBgn, itEnd, [this](const boost::cmatch& what){

			if (what[1].str().length() > 0)

			this->m_Elements.push_back((what[1].str()));

		});



		BOOST_FOREACH(std::string& elem, m_Elements)

		{

			boost::trim(elem);

		}

		cout<<__FUNCTION__<<"using "<<clock()-_bgn<<" mini seconds"<<endl;

		PERFORMANCE_END

		return 0;

	}



	int CSummaryParser::ParseElements(ISATSummary* pSummary)

	{

		int ret = 0;

		PERFORMANCE_BEGIN

		for (;m_iCurPos < m_Elements.size();)

		{

			if (boost::iequals(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_FULLBUILD) == true)

			{

				if (ParseFullBuildElement(*pSummary) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [FullBuild]"<<endl;

					ret = 1;

					break;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::iequals(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_TABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseTablesElement(*(pSummary->Image)) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [Tables]"<<endl;

					ret = 1;

					break;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::iequals(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_RAWALIASTABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseTablesElement(*(pSummary->AliasImage)) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [RawAliasTables]"<<endl;

					ret = 1;

					break;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::iequals(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_INCREMENTALBUILD) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncrementalBuildElement(*pSummary) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [IncrementalBuild]"<<endl;

					return 1;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::istarts_with(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_INCREMENTALBUILDEACH) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncrementalBuildEachElement(*pSummary) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [IncrementalBuild_Each]"<<endl;

					ret = 1;

					break;

				}

			}

			else

			{

				cerr<<"Detect unknown node: "<<m_Elements[m_iCurPos]<<": at "<<m_iCurPos<<endl;

				m_iCurPos++;

			}

			

		}

		PERFORMANCE_END

		return ret;

	}



	int CSummaryParser::ParseFullBuildElement(ISATSummary& full)

	{

		if (m_iCurPos + ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_FULLBUILDLENGTH >= m_Elements.size())

			return 1;

		if (boost::iequals(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_LATEST) == false)

			return 1;



		if (full.strTimeStamp.compare(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos]) != 0)

		{

			// new full build

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(full.Image));

			ReleaseISATPackageVector(*(full.AliasImage));

			ReleaseISATIncrementBuilds(full.Increments);

			full.strTimeStamp = m_Elements[m_iCurPos];

			full.IsWeeklyBuild = true;

		}



		m_iCurPos++;

		return 0;

	}



	int CSummaryParser::ParseTablesElement(ISATPackageVector& coll)

	{

		if (m_iCurPos + ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_TABLESLENGTH >= m_Elements.size())

			return 1;

		if (boost::iequals(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFTABLES) == false)

			return 1;

		int number = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str());



		// get all tables

		for (int i = 1; i <= number && m_iCurPos + ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_GERNERICLENGTH < m_Elements.size(); i++)

		{

			int numFile = 0, numSize = 0;

			numFile = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str() + strlen(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_TABLE));

			std::string name = m_Elements[++m_iCurPos];

			numSize = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str() + strlen(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_CMPSIZETABLE));

			int size = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str());

			if (numFile != numSize ||

				numFile != i)

				return 1;

			ReplaceFileName(name, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_FILE_TXT, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_FILE_Z);

			if (coll.size() < i)

			{

				ISATZipFile* ptable = new ISATZipFile;

				ptable->State = NodeNew;

				ptable->Name = name;

				ptable->Size = size;

				coll.push_back(ptable);

			}

			else

			{

				if (coll[i-1]->Size != size ||

					boost::iequals(coll[i-1]->Name, name) == false)

				{

				}

			}

		}

		m_iCurPos++;

		return 0;

	}



	int CSummaryParser::ParseIncrementalBuildElement(ISATSummary& full)

	{

		if (m_iCurPos + ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_INCREMENTALBUILDLENGTH > m_Elements.size())

			return 1;

		if (boost::iequals(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFBUILDS) == false)

			return 1;



		m_iTotalIncrement = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str());

		m_iCurPos++;

		return 0;

	}



	int CSummaryParser::ParseIncrementalBuildEachElement(ISATSummary& full)

	{

		int iIncrementtalNumber = atoi(m_Elements[m_iCurPos].c_str() + strlen(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_INCREMENTALBUILDEACH));

		if (iIncrementtalNumber > m_iTotalIncrement)

			return 1;

		if (iIncrementtalNumber > full.Increments->size())

			full.Increments->push_back(new ISATIncrement());

		while (++m_iCurPos < m_Elements.size() && m_Elements[m_iCurPos][0] != ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_PREFIX_PATTERN)

		{

			if (boost::istarts_with(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFUPDATETABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncremental(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_UPDATETABLE, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_CMPSIZEUPDATETABLE, (*(full.Increments))[iIncrementtalNumber-1]->Updates) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [UPDATETABLE]"<<endl;

					return 1;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::istarts_with(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFADDTABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncremental(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_ADDTABLE, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_CMPSIZEADDTABLE, (*(full.Increments))[iIncrementtalNumber-1]->Inserts) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [ADDTABLE]"<<endl;

					return 1;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::istarts_with(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFDELETETABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncremental(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_DELETETABLE, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_CMPSIZEDELETETABLE, (*(full.Increments))[iIncrementtalNumber-1]->Deletes) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [DELETETABLE]"<<endl;

					return 1;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::istarts_with(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFRAWALIASUPDATETABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncremental(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_RAWALIASUPDATETABLE, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_CMPSIZERAWALIASUPDATETABLE, (*(full.Increments))[iIncrementtalNumber-1]->AliasUpdates) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [RAWALIASUPDATETABLE]"<<endl;

					return 1;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::istarts_with(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFRAWALIASADDTABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncremental(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_RAWALIASADDTABLE, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_CMPSIZERAWALIASADDTABLE, (*(full.Increments))[iIncrementtalNumber-1]->AliasInserts) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [RAWALIASADDTABLE]"<<endl;

					return 1;

				}

			}

			else if (boost::istarts_with(m_Elements[m_iCurPos], ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_NUMBEROFRAWALIASDELETETABLES) == true)

			{

				if (ParseIncremental(ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_RAWALIASDELETETABLE, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_CMPSIZERAWALIASDELETETABLE, (*(full.Increments))[iIncrementtalNumber-1]->AliasDeletes) != 0)

				{

					wcout<<L"Fail to parse [RAWALIASDELETETABLE]"<<endl;

					return 1;

				}

			}

			else

			{

				cerr<<"Invalide line:"<<m_Elements[m_iCurPos]<<endl;

			}

		}

		return 0;

	}



	int CSummaryParser::ParseIncremental(std::string namepattern, std::string sizepattern, PISATPackageVector& pcoll)

	{

		if (++m_iCurPos >= m_Elements.size())

			return 1;

		int number = atoi(m_Elements[m_iCurPos].c_str());



		if (number == 0)

			return 0;



		for (int i = 1; i <= number && m_iCurPos + ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_GERNERICLENGTH < m_Elements.size(); i++)

		{

			int numFile = 0, numSize = 0;

			numFile = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str() + namepattern.size());

			std::string name = m_Elements[++m_iCurPos];

			numSize = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str() + sizepattern.size());

			int size = atoi(m_Elements[++m_iCurPos].c_str());

			if (numFile != numSize ||

				numFile != i)

				return 1;

			ReplaceFileName(name, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_FILE_TXT, ISATGRABBERCONST::SUM_FILE_Z);

			if (pcoll->size() < i)

			{

				ISATZipFile * pnode = new ISATZipFile;

				pnode->Name = name;

				pnode->Size = size;

				pnode->State = NodeNew;

				pcoll->push_back(pnode);

			}

			else

			{

				if ((*pcoll)[i-1]->Size != size ||

					boost::iequals((*pcoll)[i-1]->Name, name) == false)

					return 1;

			}

		}

		

		return 0;

	}



	void CSummaryParser::ReplaceFileName(std::string& inout, const std::string& s1, const std::string& s2)

	{

		boost::to_lower(inout);

		size_t pos = inout.rfind(s1);

		if (pos != std::string::npos)

			inout.replace(pos, s1.length(), s2);

	}



	int CSummaryParser::RetrieveElements2(string& buffer)

	{

		clock_t _bgn=clock();

		m_Elements.clear();

		list<boost::iterator_range<string::iterator> > l;

		boost::split(l, buffer, boost::is_any_of("\n="), boost::token_compress_on);

		for (auto pos = l.begin(); pos != l.end(); pos++)

		{

			m_Elements.push_back(string(pos->begin(), pos->end()));

		}

		cout<<__FUNCTION__<<"using "<<clock()-_bgn<<" mini seconds"<<endl;

		return 0;

	}

}