RMAN进行基于数据块的恢复

从ORACLE9i开始,rman支持基于数据库的恢复,这一功能有很大的好处,既不影响业务,甚至不影响有坏块的数据文件,恢复可以是在线恢复。但是恢复是完全恢复,所以要求完整的备份。

下面测试:

  1. 对数据库进行完整备份

    Rman>backup database;

  2. 破坏数据

    参看日志《RMAN进行基于数据块的恢复》

  3. 使用rman验证数据文件

    RMAN> backup validate datafile 5;

    Starting backup at 29-AUG-14

    using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

    allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

    channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK

    allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

    channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=139 devtype=DISK

    channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

    channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

    input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/orcla/xzsp.dbf

    channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

    Finished backup at 29-AUG-14

    警告日志和数据库中都会记录损坏的数据,如下

    SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption ;

    FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO

    ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------

    5 49316 1 0 CORRUPT

  4. 通过备份基于数据快级的恢复

    RMAN> blockrecover datafile 5 block 49316 from backupset;

    Starting blockrecover at 29-AUG-14

    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    using channel ORA_DISK_2

     

    channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s)

    channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set

    restoring blocks of datafile 00005

    channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area1/ORCLA/backupset/2014_08_29/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140829T032828_9zz0px68_.bkp

    channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1

    piece handle=/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area1/ORCLA/backupset/2014_08_29/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20140829T032828_9zz0px68_.bkp tag=TAG20140829T032828

    channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26

     

    starting media recovery

     

    archive log thread 1 sequence 5 is already on disk as file /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area1/ORCLA/archivelog/2014_08_29/o1_mf_1_5_9zz2mqwo_.arc

    archive log thread 1 sequence 6 is already on disk as file /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area1/ORCLA/archivelog/2014_08_29/o1_mf_1_6_9zz2v3jj_.arc

    archive log thread 1 sequence 7 is already on disk as file /opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area1/ORCLA/archivelog/2014_08_29/o1_mf_1_7_9zz3hfff_.arc

    media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

    Finished blockrecover at 29-AUG-14

  5. 清楚坏块记录

    SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption ;

    FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO

    ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ---------

    5 49316 1 0 CORRUPT

    RMAN> backup validate datafile 5;

    Starting backup at 29-AUG-14

    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    using channel ORA_DISK_2

    channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

    channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

    input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/orcla/xzsp.dbf

    channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

    Finished backup at 29-AUG-14

    SQL> select * from v$database_block_corruption ;

     

    no rows selected

     

    注意:

    但有些情况下,BLOCKRECOVER未必可以恢复得了:

    [oracle@ique datafile]$ sqlplus mayp/mayp

    SQL*Plus: Release 10.1.0.5.0 – Production on Mon Jul 14 17:08:06 2008

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

    Connected to:

    Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.5.0 – Production

    With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

    SQL> select count(*) from mssm;

    select count(*) from mssm

    *

    ERROR at line 1:

    ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 9)

    ORA-01110: data file 5: '/data/mayp/MAYP/datafile/o1_mf_mssm_4789hznr_.dbf'

    [oracle@ique datafile]$ rman target /

    Recovery Manager: Release 10.1.0.5.0 – Production

    Copyright (c) 1995, 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved.

    connected to target database: MAYP (DBID=412172232)

    RMAN> blockrecover datafile 5 block 9;

    Starting blockrecover at 14-JUL-08

    using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog

    allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

    channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=378 devtype=DISK

    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

    RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

    RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

    RMAN-03002: failure of blockrecover command at 07/14/2008 17:08:37

    ORA-01455: converting column overflows integer datatype

    RMAN-06010: error while looking up datafile: 5

    这个块损坏已经严重破坏了数据的存放规律,发生了逻辑损坏,所以blockrecover没办法恢复,必须首先restore这个文件然后通过recvoer命令进行恢复.

    通过常规方法恢复这个错误:

    RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 offline';

    sql statement: alter database datafile 5 offline

    RMAN> restore datafile 5;

    Starting restore at 14-JUL-08

    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

    channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

    restoring datafile 00005 to /data/mayp/MAYP/datafile/o1_mf_mssm_4789hznr_.dbf

    channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

    piece handle=/home/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/full_2_MAYP.rman tag=TAG20080714T152854

    channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete

    Finished restore at 14-JUL-08

    RMAN> recover datafile 5;

    Starting recover at 14-JUL-08

    using channel ORA_DISK_1

    starting media recovery

    media recovery complete

    Finished recover at 14-JUL-08

    RMAN> sql 'alter database datafile 5 online';

    sql statement: alter database datafile 5 online

    RMAN> exit

    BLOCKRECOVER 的使用限制:

    1、数据库必须在ARCHIVELOG模式下才可以使用这个功能;

    2、数据库必须是mount或open状态;

    3、不能对一个offline的datafile进行BLOCKRECOVER;

    4、blcokrecover需要通过一个full backups 恢复datra block,不能使用incremental backups进行错误恢复;

    5、blockrecover不能跨越archivelog丢失或损坏,也就是说在恢复的过程中,不能丢失需要的归档日志;

    6、blockrecover不能恢复逻辑坏块,逻辑坏块必须首先restore损坏的数据文件,然后在用recover进行恢复;

    7、blockrecvoer不能恢复file header block.(block=1).

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