菜鸟玩云计算之十一：Hadoop 手动安装指南
Hadoop 手动安装指南
cheungmine
2013-4
本文用于指导在Windows7，VMWare上安装Ubuntu, Java, Hadoop, HBase实验环境. 本指南用于实验的软件(版本)为:
1) HOST OS:
Windows7x64bits Professional
2) VMware workstation:
version:8.0.2 build-591240
3) Guest (VM) OS:
Ubuntu64bit Server: ubuntu-12.04.1-server-amd64.iso
4) Guest Softwares:
a) JDK6: jdk-6u32-linux-x64.bin
b) Hadoop: hadoop-1.0.3-bin.tar.gz
c) HBase: hbase-0.94.0.tar.gz
安装之后的虚拟机(VM), 下面的配置文件将被更改, 如有需要请事先备份.
Ø /etc/hostname
Ø /etc/hosts
Ø /etc/network/interfaces
Ø /etc/profile
我们将增加以下2个文件夹到您的VM中:
Ø /usr/local/lib/java/
Ø /usr/local/lib/hadoop/
1 安装VMware Workstation forWindows7
VMware安装很简单, 安装提示即可. 主要要注意的是网络配置. 按VMware菜单:
Edit->VirtualNetwork Editor...
弹出如图1-1的对话框. 选中VMnet8, 按下面内容配置:
1)使用 VMnet8/NAT
2)选中 "NAT (shared host' address with VMs)"
3)勾选 "Connect a host virtual adapter to this network"
4)不选 "Use local DHCP service to distribute IP address to VMs"
5)Subnet IP: 192.168.63.0
6)Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
图1-1: VMware 虚拟网络配置
按图1-1的对话框中NAT Settings...按钮, 应该显示如图1-2对话框:
图1-2: NAT Settings
其中:
Network: vmnet8
Subnet IP: 192.168.63.0
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway IP: 192.168.63.2
2 安装Ubuntu VMs on VMwareWorkstation
我们称运行在VMware上的虚拟机操作系统为Guest OS. 我们选择Ubuntu作为Guest OS. 下面介绍如何在VMware上安装多个VM.
打开Vmware, 按Ctrl+N, 或者菜单: File->New Virtual Machine..., 显示如图2-1a~e的安装向导:
图2-1a: 指明安装虚拟机的镜像文件.iso
图2-1b: 登录用户名和密码
图2-1c: 虚拟机保存路径文件
图2-1d: 虚拟机磁盘大小
图2-1e: 虚拟机概况
按 CustomizeHardware...按钮, 根据你的机器性能选择合适的配置. 下图2-2是我的配置(CPU 1x2核, 内存2048M). 注意到Network connection栏请选择VMnet8 (NAT).
图2-2 定制虚拟机
然后Power on 这个虚拟机, 进入VM OS安装界面. 请参考Ubuntu安装过程, 本文不赘述. 当出现网络配置界面, 选择手动配置网络(manual), 即:
IP address: 192.168.63.10 #这个IP地址以后还要更改
Subnet IP: 192.168.63.0
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway IP: 192.168.63.2
3 VM安装必要的软件
安装好虚拟机OS之后, 我们需要更新软件. 默认openssh-client已经安装, 还需要安装openssh-server.
1) 安装openssh-server
下面的命令可以用于检查是否安装了openssh-server
$ sudo apt-cache policy openssh-server
如果显示没有安装, 则安装之:
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
下面的命令可以用来启动openssh-server服务:
$ sudo/etc/init.d/ssh start
2) 安装JDK6到/usr/local/lib/java/
$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/lib/java/
$ sudo chmod u+x ./jdk-6u32-linux-x64.bin
$ ./ jdk-6u32-linux-x64.bin
$ sudo mv ./jdk1.6.0_32/usr/local/lib/java/
3) 安装Hadoop:
$ sudo tar -xzvf hadoop-1.0.3-bin.tar.gz-C /usr/local/lib/hadoop
$ sudo tar -xzvf hbase-0.94.0.tar.gz -C/usr/local/lib/hadoop
4) 在/etc/profile文件末尾添加环境变量:
......
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/lib/java/jdk1.6.0_32
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/lib/hadoop/hadoop-1.0.3
export HBASE_HOME=/usr/local/lib/hadoop/hbase-0.94.0
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR=$HADOOP_HOME/conf
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HBASE_HOME/bin
5) 在/etc/hosts文件中加入下面的内容:
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.63.10 ubuntu
192.168.63.100 hdb-master
192.168.63.200 hdb-secondary
192.168.63.101 hdb-datanode1
192.168.63.102 hdb-datanode2
192.168.63.103 hdb-datanode3
...
4更改hadoop和hbase配置
根据我们的设想, 最终的hadoop-cluster规划如下几个虚拟机:
机器名 IP 用途
hdb-master 192.168.63.100 Hadoop namenode & HBase HMaster
hdb-secondary 192.168.63.200 Hadoopsecond namenode & HBase HMaster
hdb-datanode1 192.168.63.101 Hadoopdatanode & HBase HRegionServer & zookeeper
hdb-datanode2 192.168.63.102 Hadoopdatanode & HBase HRegionServer & zookeeper
hdb-datanode3 192.168.63.103 Hadoopdatanode & HBase HRegionServer & zookeeper
因此我们要更改hadoop和hbase配置.
1) 更改hadoop配置
在$HADOOP_HOME/conf下面的几个文件需要根据实际情况更改:
------------------------------ hadoop-env.sh-------------------------------------------
...
exportJAVA_HOME=/usr/local/lib/java/jdk1.6.0_32
...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------- core-site.xml-------------------------------------
...
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://hdb-master:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/cl/hadoop.tmp</value>
</property>
</configuration>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------- hdfs-site.xml-------------------------------------
...
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
</configuration>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------- mapred-site.xml-------------------------------------
...
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>hdb-master:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------- masters---------------------------------------------
hdb-secondary
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------- slaves---------------------------------------
hdb-datanode1
hdb-datanode2
hdb-datanode3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) 更改hbase配置
在$HBASE_HOME/conf下面的几个文件需要根据实际情况更改:
----------------------------------- hbase-env.sh----------------------------------
...
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/lib/java/jdk1.6.0_32
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------- hbase-site.xml----------------------------------
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hbase.rootdir</name>
<value>hdfs://hdb-master:9000/hbase</value>
<description>Thedirectory shared by RegionServers.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
<value>true</value>
<description>fully-distributedwith unmanaged ZooKeeper Quorum</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort</name>
<value>2222</value>
<description>Propertyfrom ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. The port at which the clients willconnect.</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
<value>hdb-datanode1,hdb-datanode2,hdb-datanode3</value>
<description>Commaseparated list of servers in the ZooKeeper Quorum. For example: "host1.mydomain.com,host2.mydomain.com,host3.mydomain.com".</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>hbase.zookeeper.property.dataDir</name>
<value>/home/cl/zookeeper</value>
<description>Propertyfrom ZooKeeper's config zoo.cfg. The directory where the snapshot isstored.</description>
</property>
</configuration>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------- regionservers-----------------------------------
hdb-datanode1
hdb-datanode2
hdb-datanode3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 克隆虚拟机
到现在我们已经准备好一个虚拟机了. 这个虚拟机保留不用, 我们从这个虚拟机克隆出5个机器作为hadoop cluster的节点 VM. 首先关闭这个虚拟机. 然后在虚拟机上点右键, 菜单上选择Manage->Clone..., 如图6-1a~c向导:
图6-1a: 虚拟机Clone
图6-1b: 选择Create a full clone
图6-1c: 选择Create a full clone
最终, 我们克隆出(Hadoop Cluster) 5个虚拟机, 在VMware中显示如图6-2:
图6-2: hadoop-cluster VMs
7 配置Hadoop Cluster虚拟机
1) 更改每台机器的机器名, 如hdb-master, /etc/hostname更改后的内容:
hdb-master
2) 更改每台机器的网络配置, 如hdb-master, /etc/network/interfaces更改后的内容:
#This file describes the network interfaces...
# and how to act ...
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.63.100
network 192.168.63.0
gateway 192.168.63.2
broadcast 192.168.63.255
netmask 255.255.255.0
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8
3) 确保每台机器的/etc/host如下:
127.0.0.1 localhost
#127.0.1.1 ubuntu
192.168.63.100 hdb-master
192.168.63.200 hdb-secondary
192.168.63.101 hdb-datanode1
192.168.63.102 hdb-datanode2
192.168.63.103 hdb-datanode3
#余下内容不变
...
4) 上面的内容更改完成之后, 重启OS:
$ sudo reboot
对每台VM都执行1)~4)的过程, 注意机器名和ip地址对应.
8配置ssh登录
在hadoop配置的过程中，前提条件之一是保证ssh是配置好的。使用下面的命令检查ssh是否正确:
$ssh localhost
1) 首先在hdb-master上生成rsa证书:
cl@hdb-master:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cl@hdb-master:~$ cat ./.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ./.ssh/authorized_keys
2) 把上面生成的authorized_keys复制到每个机器的~/.ssh/ 下面.
$scp ./.ssh/authorized_keys cl@hdb-datanode1:~/.ssh/
$scp ./.ssh/authorized_keys cl@hdb-datanode2:~/.ssh/
$scp ./.ssh/authorized_keys cl@hdb-datanode3:~/.ssh/
$scp ./.ssh/authorized_keys cl@hdb-secondary:~/.ssh/
9启动hadoop, hbase
第一次使用需要格式化:
$hadoop namenode -format
启动hadoop:
$start-all.sh
停止hadoop:
$stop-all.sh
启动hbase:
$start-hbase.sh
停止hbase:
$stop- hbase.sh
监控URL:
http://hdb-master:50070/dfshealth.jsp
http://hdb-master:50030/jobtracker.jsp
附录 VM虚拟机Ubuntu Server挂载U盘(以hdb-master为例)
首先切换到hdb-master, 插入U盘, 在VMware的菜单中选择:
VM->Removeable Device->Connect ...
然后进入hdb-master, 下面的命令挂载U盘到/mnt/usb
$sudo mkdir /mnt/usb
$sudo fdisk -l # 查看USB的设备名称, 如sdb1
$sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb
卸载:
$umount /dev/sdb1