转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/pkxiuluo01/article/details/7380974
以前一直在用BaseAdapter,对于其中的getview方法的重写一直不太清楚。今天终于得以有空来探究它的详细机制。
下面先讲讲我遇到的几个问题:
一.View getview(int position, View convertview, ViewGroup parent )中的第二个参数是什么含义;
二.View的SetTag和getTag方法的用途;
先来解决第一个问题:
android SDK中这样讲参数 convertview :
the old view to reuse, if possible. Note: You should check that this view is non-null and of an appropriate type before using.
If it is not possible to convert this view to display the correct data, this method can create a new view.
翻译:
如果可以的话,这是旧View(这里不便翻译有的人翻成视图)的重用。 建议:在用之前,你应该检查这个View是
不是非空,是不是一个合适的类型。
如果不可能让这个VIew去显示一个恰当的数据,这个方法会创建一个新的View。
如果我们要做的是一个ListView,在手机上显示的只有那么几条Item,而整个ListView可能有很长,可能是100条
甚至是上万条,总不能让这么多条Item都驻留在内存中,所以android为你准备了一套机制,就是Recycler(反复循
环器),他的具体工作原理可以到 http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html去看。
但是有些地方他没有讲清,所以我再讲一下。先把代码贴出来
布局文件main.xml
此处注意ListView的android:layout_height属性值为"fill_paternt",如果为“wrap_content"将会是另一种情况
adapter的代码ListViewAdapter.java
运行程序之后发现屏幕上显示出的Item的convertview都为空,向下滑动新产生的Item的convetview都不为空。到此为止和上面链接中讲的是一致的,但是如果设置ListView的android:layout_height属性值为“wrap_content
之后,发现只有第一个Item的convertview为null其他的不为空。
虽然两种设置不同,结果也不同,但是convertview的机制没有变。
其实到此为止我们可以总结出convertview的机制了,就是在初始显示的时候,每次显示一个item都调用一次getview方法但是每次调用的时候covertview为空(因为还没有旧的view),当显示完了之后。如果屏幕移动了之后,并且导致有些Item(也可以说是view)跑到屏幕外面,此时如果还有新的item需要产生,则这些item显示时调用的getview方法中的convertview参数就不是null,而是那些移出屏幕的view(旧view),我们所要做的就是将需要显示的item填充到这些回收的view(旧view)中去,最后注意convertview为null的不仅仅是初始显示的那些item,还有一些是已经开始移入屏幕但是还没有view被回收的那些item。
最终我们用亲手写的代码实现了Recycler(反复循环器).
第二个问题其实应该在第一个问题中嵌套来讲,但是为了思路清晰我分开了:
view的setTag和getTag方法其实很简单,在实际编写代码的时候一个view不仅仅是为了显示一些字符串、图片,有时我们还需要他们携带一些其他的数据以便我们对该view的识别或者其他操作。于是android 的设计者们就创造了setTag(Object)方法来存放一些数据和view绑定,我们可以理解为这个是view 的标签也可以理解为view 作为一个容器存放了一些数据。而这些数据我们也可以通过getTag() 方法来取出来。
到这里setTag和getTag大家应该已经明白了。再回到上面的话题,我们通过convertview的setTag方法和getTag方法来将我们要显示的数据来绑定在convertview上。如果convertview 是第一次展示我们就创建新的Holder对象与之绑定,并在最后通过return convertview 返回,去显示;如果convertview 是回收来的那么我们就不必创建新的holder对象,只需要把原来的绑定的holder取出加上新的数据就行了。
附:文中提到的未介绍透彻的另一个帖子:
http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaowenji/archive/2010/12/08/1900579.html
工作原理:
如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!
实际上Android为你缓存了视图。
Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:
请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出
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public
class
MultipleItemsList
extends
ListActivity {
private
MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter =
new
MyCustomAdapter();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
50
; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem(
"item "
+ i);
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private
class
MyCustomAdapter
extends
BaseAdapter {
private
ArrayList mData =
new
ArrayList();
private
LayoutInflater mInflater;
public
MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public
void
addItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public
int
getCount() {
return
mData.size();
}
@Override
public
String getItem(
int
position) {
return
mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public
long
getItemId(
int
position) {
return
position;
}
@Override
public
View getView(
int
position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
System.out.println(
"getView "
+ position +
" "
+ convertView);
ViewHolder holder =
null
;
if
(convertView ==
null
) {
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1,
null
);
holder =
new
ViewHolder();
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
convertView.setTag(holder);
}
else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return
convertView;
}
}
public
static
class
ViewHolder {
public
TextView textView;
}
}
|
执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志
getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.559
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
0
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.570
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
1
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.589
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
2
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.599
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
3
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.619
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
4
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.629
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
5
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.708
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
6
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.719
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
7
null
02
-
05
13
:
47
:
32.729
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
8
null
|
然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:
convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)
02
-
05
13
:
48
:
25.169
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
9
null
|
再滚动List
convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建
02
-
05
13
:
48
:
42.879
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
10
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437430f8
|
再滚动:
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.069
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
11
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437447d0
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.142
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
12
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744ff8
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.279
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
13
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43743fa8
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.350
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
14
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43745820
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.429
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
15
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43746048
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.550
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
16
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43746870
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.669
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
17
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747098
02
-
05
14
:
01
:
31.839
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
18
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437478c0
02
-
05
14
:
03
:
30.900
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
19
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43748df0
02
-
05
14
:
03
:
32.069
: INFO/System.out(
947
): getView
20
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437430f8
|
convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了
我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线
你需要做这些:
以下是代码:
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public
class
MultipleItemsList
extends
ListActivity {
private
MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter =
new
MyCustomAdapter();
for
(
int
i =
1
; i <
50
; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem(
"item "
+ i);
if
(i %
4
==
0
) {
mAdapter.addSeparatorItem(
"separator "
+ i);
}
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private
class
MyCustomAdapter
extends
BaseAdapter {
private
static
final
int
TYPE_ITEM =
0
;
private
static
final
int
TYPE_SEPARATOR =
1
;
private
static
final
int
TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR +
1
;
private
ArrayList mData =
new
ArrayList();
private
LayoutInflater mInflater;
private
TreeSet mSeparatorsSet =
new
TreeSet();
public
MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public
void
addItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
public
void
addSeparatorItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
// save separator position
mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() -
1
);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public
int
getItemViewType(
int
position) {
return
mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;
}
@Override
public
int
getViewTypeCount() {
return
TYPE_MAX_COUNT;
}
@Override
public
int
getCount() {
return
mData.size();
}
@Override
public
String getItem(
int
position) {
return
mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public
long
getItemId(
int
position) {
return
position;
}
@Override
public
View getView(
int
position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder =
null
;
int
type = getItemViewType(position);
System.out.println(
"getView "
+ position +
" "
+ convertView +
" type = "
+ type);
if
(convertView ==
null
) {
holder =
new
ViewHolder();
switch
(type) {
case
TYPE_ITEM:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1,
null
);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
break
;
case
TYPE_SEPARATOR:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2,
null
);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);
break
;
}
convertView.setTag(holder);
}
else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return
convertView;
}
}
public
static
class
ViewHolder {
public
TextView textView;
}
}
|
运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线
看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的
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-
05
15
:
19
:
03.080
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
0
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.112
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
1
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.130
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
2
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.141
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
3
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.160
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
4
null
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.170
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
5
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.180
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
6
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.190
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
7
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.210
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
8
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
03.210
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
9
null
type =
1
|
滚动list:
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
54.160
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
10
null
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
19
:
57.440
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
11
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744528
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
01.310
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
12
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43744eb0
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
01.880
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
13
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437456d8
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
02.869
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
14
null
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
06.489
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
15
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43745f00
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
07.749
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
16
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747170
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
10.250
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
17
android.widget.LinearLayout
@43747998
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
11.661
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
18
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437481c0
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
13.180
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
19
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437468a0
type =
1
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
16.900
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
20
android.widget.LinearLayout
@437489e8
type =
0
02
-
05
15
:
20
:
25.690
: INFO/System.out(
1035
): getView
21
android.widget.LinearLayout
@4374a8d8
type =
0
|
convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。
本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296
附2:上文的英文原文
http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296
How it works:
Next question – what if we have one billion items? Create new view for each item? The answer is NO:-) Android caches views for you.
There’s a component in Android called “Recycler”. I drawed a picture based on Romain Guy presentation at Google IO ’09.
Let’s write a simple code and put System.out to the getView:
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity { private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); } setListAdapter(mAdapter); } private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater mInflater; public MyCustomAdapter() { mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } public void addItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); } @Override public int getCount() { return mData.size(); } @Override public String getItem(int position) { return mData.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView); ViewHolder holder = null; if (convertView == null) { convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder = new ViewHolder(); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; } } public static class ViewHolder { public TextView textView; } } |
Run the program and see what happens:
getView was called 9 times. convertView is null for all visible items
02-05 13:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView 0 null 02-05 13:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView 1 null 02-05 13:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView 2 null 02-05 13:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView 3 null 02-05 13:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView 4 null 02-05 13:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView 5 null 02-05 13:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView 6 null 02-05 13:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView 7 null 02-05 13:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView 8 null |
Then scroll the list slightly down (until item 10 appears):
convertView is still null because there is still no view in the recycler (border of item1 is still visible at the top:))
02-05 13:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView 9 null |
Let’s scroll list a little more:
Bingo! convertView is not null: item1 goes off the screen directly to the Recycler and item11 is created based on item1.
02-05 13:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView 10 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
scroll more just to check what hapens:
02-05 14:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0 02-05 14:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8 02-05 14:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8 02-05 14:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView 14 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820 02-05 14:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048 02-05 14:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870 02-05 14:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098 02-05 14:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0 02-05 14:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0 02-05 14:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
convertView is not null as we expected. After item11 goes off the screen, it view (@437430f8) comes as convertView for item 21. simple.
Let’s move to the “more complicated” example. How about to add separator somewhere to the list.
You should do the following:
Simple, isn’t it? Code snippet:
public class MultipleItemsList extends ListActivity { private MyCustomAdapter mAdapter; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); mAdapter = new MyCustomAdapter(); for (int i = 1; i < 50; i++) { mAdapter.addItem("item " + i); if (i % 4 == 0) { mAdapter.addSeparatorItem("separator " + i); } } setListAdapter(mAdapter); } private class MyCustomAdapter extends BaseAdapter { private static final int TYPE_ITEM = 0; private static final int TYPE_SEPARATOR = 1; private static final int TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR + 1; private ArrayList mData = new ArrayList(); private LayoutInflater mInflater; private TreeSet mSeparatorsSet = new TreeSet(); public MyCustomAdapter() { mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); } public void addItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); notifyDataSetChanged(); } public void addSeparatorItem(final String item) { mData.add(item); // save separator position mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() - 1); notifyDataSetChanged(); } @Override public int getItemViewType(int position) { return mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM; } @Override public int getViewTypeCount() { return TYPE_MAX_COUNT; } @Override public int getCount() { return mData.size(); } @Override public String getItem(int position) { return mData.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { ViewHolder holder = null; int type = getItemViewType(position); System.out.println("getView " + position + " " + convertView + " type = " + type); if (convertView == null) { holder = new ViewHolder(); switch (type) { case TYPE_ITEM: convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1, null); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text); break; case TYPE_SEPARATOR: convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2, null); holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator); break; } convertView.setTag(holder); } else { holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag(); } holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position)); return convertView; } } public static class ViewHolder { public TextView textView; } } |
Let’s run what we wrote. Yo will see separators after each 4-th item in the list.
In the log – nothing exceptional – all convertView is null for visible items both types.
02-05 15:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 0 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 1 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 2 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 3 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 4 null type = 1 02-05 15:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 5 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 6 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 7 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 8 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 9 null type = 1 |
Scroll list and see what happens:
02-05 15:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 10 null type = 0 02-05 15:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 11 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528 type = 0 02-05 15:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 12 android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0 type = 0 02-05 15:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 13 android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8 type = 0 02-05 15:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 14 null type = 1 02-05 15:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 15 android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00 type = 0 02-05 15:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 16 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170 type = 0 02-05 15:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 17 android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998 type = 0 02-05 15:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 18 android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0 type = 0 02-05 15:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 19 android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0 type = 1 02-05 15:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 20 android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8 type = 0 02-05 15:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView 21 android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8 type = 0 |
convertView is null for separator view type until first separator is visible. When it goes off the screen – view also comes to the Recycler and convertView comes to play.