linux大于2T的磁盘使用GPT分区方式

MBR(Master Boot Record)(主引导记录)和GPT(GUID Partition Table)(GUID意为全局唯一标识符)是在磁盘上存储分区信息的两种不同方式

对于传统的MBR分区方式,有很多的限制:

1:最多4个主分区,无法创建大于2TB的分区,而GPT分区方式不受这样的限制:
2:GPT分区方式将不会有这种限制,使用的工具是parted;
操作步骤:

1:修改分区表类型

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt

Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you

want to continue?

parted: invalid token: gpt

Yes/No? yes                                                              

New disk label type?  [msdos]? gpt                                       

Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary. (不是错误)

2:查看修改结果

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb print

Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt

3:创建与删除分区

(1)命令格式:

parted {磁盘}  mkpart  分区类型  文件系统格式   开始  结束

分区类型:primary logical  extended

文件系统:ext2 ext3  swap

注:ext4文件系统不支持(操作环境:CentOS5.5)

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary ext3 1 2G

(2)查看分区表信息:

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb print



Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB

Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B

Partition Table: gpt



Number  Start       End         Size               File system    Name     Flags

    1         17.4kB  2000MB  2000MB               primary       

(3)删除分区

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb rm 1

4:格式化挂在文件系统

如果出现:-bash: mkfs.ext4: command not found

安装:yum -y install e4fsprogs 

 [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke4fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

122160 inodes, 488277 blocks

24413 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=503316480

15 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8144 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done



This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune4fs -c or -i to override.  

5:挂载

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data1

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1

[root@localhost ~]# mount

/dev/sda2 on / type ext3 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

none on /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint type vmblock (rw)

sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)

/dev/sdb1 on /data1 type ext4 (rw)

6:修改系统文件,开机自动挂载

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab 

/dev/sdb1               /data1      ext4    defaults        0 0
注:第5列:表示:是否使用度,dump备份,“0”:表示不备份,“1”:表示备份
第6列:表示:是否需要磁盘检查,根文件系统指定为1,其他文件系统为2,不需要磁盘检查为0;
以上分区过程可以简化为以下几步:



    * parted /dev/sda mkpart primary ext4 1 2G

    * parted /dev/sda print

    * reboot(重启)

    * mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

    * 创建挂在点:mkdir /opt/data1

    * 写入/etc/fstab中:/dev/sda1  /opt/data1    ext4    defaults        0 0

    * 挂载:mount -a

 

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