IoC - Castle Windsor 2.1

找过一些Windsor教程的文章,博客园上TerryLee有写了不少,以及codeproject等也有一些例子,但都讲的不太明了。今天看到Alex Henderson写的一个系列,非常简单明了。下面是主要的内容

http://www.cnblogs.com/RicCC/archive/2010/03/30/castle-windsor-ioc-di.html
Part 1 - Simple configuration
Part 2 - Array Configuration
Part 3 - Dictionary configuration
Part 4 - Switching configurations
Part 5 - Configuration parameters
Part 6 - Switching between lifestyles
Part 7 - Switching implementations
Part 8 - Referencing implementations by key
Part 9 - Constructor Injection
Part 10 - Setter Injection
Part 11 - Factories
Part 12 - Decorators
Part 13 - Injecting Service Arrays
Part 14 - Startable Facility

 基本示例
项目要引用Castle.Core.dll、Castle.MicroKernel.dll、Castle.Windsor.dll,引用namespace:
using Castle.Windsor;
using Castle.Windsor.Configuration.Interpreters;
假设有一个服务类TaxCalculator,用来计算税额:

01 public class TaxCalculator
02 {
03     private decimal _rate = 0.125M;
04     public decimal Rate
05     {
06         set { _rate = value; }
07         get { return _rate; }
08     }
09     public decimal CalculateTax(decimal gross)
10     {
11         return Math.Round(_rate * gross, 2);
12     }
13 }

计算税额时的代码如下:

1 WindsorContainer container = new WindsorContainer(new XmlInterpreter());
2 TaxCalculator calculator = container.Resolve<TaxCalculator>();
3 decimal gross = 100;
4 decimal tax = calculator.CalculateTax(gross);
5 Console.WriteLine("Gross: {0}, Tax: {1}", gross, tax);
6 Console.ReadKey();

app.config中的配置如下:

01 <configuration>
02     <configSections>
03         <section name="castle"
04             type="Castle.Windsor.Configuration.AppDomain.CastleSectionHandler, Castle.Windsor" />
05     </configSections>
06 <BR>
07     <castle>
08         <components>
09             <component id="taxcalc.service" type="Windsor.Test.TaxCalculator, Windsor.Test">
10             </component>
11         </components>
12     </castle>
13 </configuration>

运行程序,计算结果为12.5。可以在配置文件中为Rate属性指定其他值,例如:

1 <component id="taxcalc.service" type="Windsor.Test.TaxCalculator, Windsor.Test">
2     <parameters>
3         <Rate>0.25</Rate>
4     </parameters>
5 </component>

上面的配置指定税率为0.25,因此计算结果为25

 配置
如果在Windsor容器创建对象实例时,需要注入的属性为数组,而不是上面Rate这样的单个值,怎么配置?
假如要注入的属性为:

1 public DateTime[] Holidays
2 {
3     get { return _holidays; }
4     set { _holidays = value; }
5 }

则可以如下配置:

01 <component id="holidays.service" type="Windsor.Test.HolidayService, Windsor.Test" >
02     <parameters>
03         <Holidays>
04             <array>
05                 <item>2007-12-24</item>
06                 <item>2007-12-25</item>
07                 <item>2008-1-1</item>
08             </array>
09         </Holidays>
10     </parameters>
11 </component>

如果要注入的属性为Dictionary类型,例如:

1 public Dictionary<string, string> Aliases
2 {
3     get { return _aliases; }
4     set { _aliases = value; }
5 }

配置如下:

01 <component id="aliases.service" type="Windsor.Test.HolidayService, Windsor.Test">
02     <parameters>
03         <Aliases>
04             <dictionary>
05                 <entry key="dog">duck</entry>
06                 <entry key="ate">broke</entry>
07                 <entry key="homework">code</entry>
08             </dictionary>
09         </Aliases>
10     </parameters>
11 </component>

注入的数组、Dictionary属性,我们都不需要初始化创建这个对象,Windsor在注入的时候会新建数组或者Dictionary对象设置给相应属性
假如,现在通过Windsor配置的服务类比较多,我建立了2份配置,一份用于测试,一份用于生产环境,如何方便的在这2份配置之间切换呢?可以在配置文件中使用include实现,示例如下:

1 <castle>
2     <!--<include uri="file://container-debug.config" />-->
3     <include uri="file://container-live.config" />
4 </castle>

include甚至可以包含assembly中的resource(嵌入assembly中的文件)
另外可以在配置文件中定义属性,然后在其他地方引用这些属性,例如定义属性:

1 <configuration>
2   <properties>
3     <myProperty>Live</myProperty>
4   </properties>
5 </configuration>

使用属性:

1 <component id="whatConfig.service" type="Windsor.Test.HolidayService, Windsor.Test">
2     <parameters>
3         <Configuration>#{myProperty}</Configuration>
4     </parameters>
5 </component>

我们可以针对同一个服务配置多个实现方式,使用id获取各个实现方式的对象实例:

01 <component id="reader.file1" type="IoC.Tutorials.Part8.FileReader, IoC.Tutorials.Part8">
02     <parameters>
03         <FileName>file1.txt</FileName>
04     </parameters>
05 </component>
06 <component id="reader.file2" type="IoC.Tutorials.Part8.FileReader, IoC.Tutorials.Part8">
07     <parameters>
08         <FileName>file2.txt</FileName>
09     </parameters>
10 </component>

然后使用配置中的id来获取实例对象:

1 WindsorContainer container = new WindsorContainer(new XmlInterpreter());
2 FileReader defaultReader = container.Resolve<FileReader>();
3 FileReader file1Reader = container.Resolve<FileReader>("reader.file1");
4 FileReader file2Reader = container.Resolve<FileReader>("reader.file2");

我们可以使用container.Kernel.HasComponent(string key)方法在代码中判断特定的key是否有注册了服务

 生命周期 Lifestyle, Lifecycle
Windsor容器中的对象其生命周期有以下几种方式:
Singleton: 单例模式
Transient: 临时对象模式,每次都创建一个新对象返回给请求者
PerThread: 在当前执行线程上为单例模式
Pooled: 用一个对象池管理请求对象,从对象池中返回对象实例
Custom: 实现Castle.MicroKernel.Lifestyle.ILifestyleManager或从Castle.MicroKernel.Lifestyle.AbstractLifestyleManager继承,实现自定义的对象生命周期管理
默认情况下,组件的生命周期为单例模式,可以通过配置文件进行设置:

1 <component id="taxcalc.service" type="Windsor.Test.TaxCalculator, Windsor.Test" lifestyle="transient" />

也可以给class添加上[Castle.Core.Transient]、[Castle.Core.PerThread]等属性来设置组件的生命周期,从而忽略配置文件中的设置
Windsor支持Castle.Core.IInitializable和System.IDisposable接口,如果类实现了IInitializable接口,容器在创建对象实例之后会执行接口的Initialize方法;如果类实现了IDisposable接口,则在销毁对象的时候会执行Dispose方法

 构造器注入
前面示例我们用的都是setter注入,下面示例使用构造器注入
有一个用于字符串编码的接口,该接口有2个实现:

01 public interface IEncoder
02 {
03 string Encode(string source);
04 }
05 public class NullEncoder : IEncoder
06 {
07 public string Encode(string source)
08 {
09 return source;
10 }
11 }
12 public class SillyEncoder : IEncoder
13 {
14     private char[] _mixedUp = "YACBDFEGIHJLKMONPRSQTUWVXZ".ToCharArray();
15 <BR>
16     public string Encode(string source)
17     {
18         string upperSource = source.ToUpper();
19         char[] encoded = new char[source.Length];
20         for (int i = 0; i < encoded.Length; i++)
21         {
22             encoded[i] = MapCharacter(upperSource[i]);
23         }
24         return new string(encoded);
25     }
26 <BR>
27     private char MapCharacter(char ch)
28     {
29         if ((ch >= 'A') && (ch <= 'Z'))
30         {
31             return _mixedUp[ch - 'A'];
32         }
33         return ch;
34     }
35 }

然后有一个发送消息的类,其构造函数要求一个IEncode对象:

01 public class MessageSender
02 {
03     private readonly IEncoder _encoder;
04     private readonly string _from;
05     public MessageSender(string from, IEncoder encoder)
06     {
07         _from = from;
08         _encoder = encoder;
09     }
10     public void SendMessage(string to, string body)
11     {
12         Console.WriteLine("to: {0}\r\nfrom: {1}\r\n\r\n{2}", to, _from, _encoder.Encode(body));
13     }
14 }

使用Windsor可以实现:Windsor自动创建一个IEncoder对象提供给MessageSender的构造函数;在配置文件中需要指定from参数的值,否则Windsor将抛出异常无法创建MessageSender对象
使用的代码如下:

1 WindsorContainer container = new WindsorContainer(new XmlInterpreter());
2 MessageSender sender = container.Resolve<MessageSender>();
3 sender.SendMessage("hammet", "castle is great!");
4 Console.ReadKey();

配置如下:

01 <component id="encoder.silly"
02     service="Windsor.Test.IEncoder, Windsor.Test"
03     type="Windsor.Test.SillyEncoder, Windsor.Test" />
04 <component id="encoder.null"
05     service="Windsor.Test.IEncoder, Windsor.Test"
06     type="Windsor.Test.NullEncoder, Windsor.Test" />
07 <component id="messageSender"
08     type="Windsor.Test.MessageSender, Windsor.Test">
09     <parameters>MessageSender
10         <from>[email protected]</from>
11     </parameters>
12 </component>

上面我们有2个IEncoder的实现,我们可以在配置文件中为MessageSender的构造函数指定使用哪一个实现类:

1 <component id="messageSender"
2     type="Windsor.Test.MessageSender, Windsor.Test">
3     <parameters>MessageSender
4         <from>[email protected]</from>
5         <encoder>${encoder.null}</encoder>
6     </parameters>
7 </component>

 Factory Facilities
我们自己写的类完全由我们自己控制,因此我们可以让他们能够通过Windsor容器管理,但对于某些第三方提供的服务程序,可能构造函数存在额外的依赖性,使得我们无法通过配置直接使用Windsor容器来管理,这种情况下可以使用Windsor的Factory Facilities实现一个工厂,告诉Windsor使用我们的工厂来创建特定的服务对象实例
比如我们实现了下面这样一个工厂类,用来创建一个ISmsService服务对象:

01 public class SmsServiceFactory
02 {
03     private string _userName;
04     private string _password;
05     private int _retryAttempts = 3;
06 <BR>
07     public SmsServiceFactory(string userName, string password)
08     {
09         _userName = userName;
10         _password = password;
11     }
12     public int RetryAttempts
13     {
14         get { return _retryAttempts; }
15         set { _retryAttempts = value; }
16     }
17 <BR>
18     public ISmsService CreateService()
19     {
20         SmsService service = new SmsService();
21         SmsService.SmsConfig config = new SmsService.SmsConfig();
22         config.SetCredentials(_userName, _password);
23         config.RetryAttempts = _retryAttempts;
24         service.SetConfig(config);
25         return service;
26     }
27 }

然后我们使用下面的配置,通过Windsor Factory Facilities指定我们所使用的工厂类:

01 <castle>
02     <facilities>
03         <facility
04             id="factorysupport"
05             type="Castle.Facilities.FactorySupport.FactorySupportFacility, Castle.MicroKernel" />
06     </facilities>
07     <components>
08         <component id="smsService.Factory"
09             type="Windsor.Test.SmsServiceFactory, Windsor.Test">
10             <parameters>
11                 <userName>joe</userName>
12                 <password>secret</password>
13             </parameters>
14         </component>
15         <component id="smsService.default"
16             type="Windsor.Test.ISmsService, Windsor.Test"
17             factoryId="smsService.Factory"
18             factoryCreate="CreateService" />
19     </components>
20 </castle>

使用的代码跟其他示例一样:

1 WindsorContainer container = new WindsorContainer(new XmlInterpreter());
2 ISmsService smsService = container.Resolve<ISmsService>();
3 smsService.SendMessage("+465556555", "testing testing...1.2.3");
Tag标签: Castle, IoC

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