进程线程与cpu绑定
CPU Affinity
CPU亲合力就是指在Linux系统中能够将一个或多个进程绑定到一个或多个处理器上运行.
一个进程的CPU亲合力掩码决定了该进程将在哪个或哪几个CPU上运行.在一个多处理器系统中,设置CPU亲合力的掩码可能会获得更好的性能.
一个CPU的亲合力掩码用一个cpu_set_t结构体来表示一个CPU集合,下面的几个宏分别对这个掩码集进行操作:
CPU_ZERO() 清空一个集合
CPU_SET()与CPU_CLR()分别对将一个给定的CPU号加到一个集合或者从一个集合中去掉.
CPU_ISSET()检查一个CPU号是否在这个集合中.
其实这几个的用法与select()函数那几个调用差不多.
下面两个函数就是最主要的了:
sched_setaffinity(pid_t pid, unsigned int cpusetsize, cpu_set_t *mask)
该函数设置进程为pid的这个进程,让它运行在mask所设定的CPU上.如果pid的值为0,则表示指定的是当前进程,使当前进程运行在mask所设定的那些CPU上.第二个参数cpusetsize是
mask所指定的数的长度.通常设定为sizeof(cpu_set_t).如果当前pid所指定的CPU此时没有运行在mask所指定的任意一个CPU上,则该指定的进程会从其它CPU上迁移到mask的指定的
一个CPU上运行.
sched_getaffinity(pid_t pid, unsigned int cpusetsize, cpu_set_t *mask)
该函数获得pid所指示的进程的CPU位掩码,并将该掩码返回到mask所指向的结构中.即获得指定pid当前可以运行在哪些CPU上.同样,如果pid的值为0.也表示的是当前进程.
# define __CPU_SETSIZE 1024
# define __NCPUBITS (8 * sizeof (__cpu_mask))
typedef unsigned long int __cpu_mask;
# define __CPUELT(cpu) ((cpu) / __NCPUBITS)
# define __CPUMASK(cpu) ((__cpu_mask) 1 << ((cpu) % __NCPUBITS))
typedef struct
{
__cpu_mask __bits[__CPU_SETSIZE / __NCPUBITS];
} cpu_set_t;
# define __CPU_ZERO(cpusetp) \
do { \
unsigned int __i; \
cpu_set_t *__arr = (cpusetp); \
for (__i = 0; __i < sizeof (cpu_set_t) / sizeof (__cpu_mask); ++__i) \
__arr->__bits[__i] = 0; \
} while (0)
# define __CPU_SET(cpu, cpusetp) \
((cpusetp)->__bits[__CPUELT (cpu)] |= __CPUMASK (cpu))
# define __CPU_CLR(cpu, cpusetp) \
((cpusetp)->__bits[__CPUELT (cpu)] &= ~__CPUMASK (cpu))
# define __CPU_ISSET(cpu, cpusetp) \
(((cpusetp)->__bits[__CPUELT (cpu)] & __CPUMASK (cpu)) != 0)
例子:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/sysinfo.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#define __USE_GNU/*注意写法*/
#include<sched.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<string.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int num = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
int created_thread = 0;
int myid;
int i;
int j = 0;
cpu_set_t mask;
cpu_set_t get;
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("usage : ./cpu num\n");
exit(1);
}
myid = atoi(argv[1]);
printf("system has %i processor(s). \n", num);
CPU_ZERO(&mask);
CPU_SET(myid, &mask);
if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(mask), &mask) == -1)
{
printf("warning: could not set CPU affinity, continuing...\n");
}
while (1)
{
CPU_ZERO(&get);
if (sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof(get), &get) == -1)
{
printf("warning: cound not get cpu affinity, continuing...\n");
}
for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
if (CPU_ISSET(i, &get))
{
printf("this process %d is running processor : %d\n",getpid(), i);
}
}
}
return 0;
}
与进程的情况相似，线程亲和性的设置和获取主要通过下面两个函数来实现：
int pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_t thread, size_t cpusetsize，
const cpu_set_t *cpuset);
int pthread_getaffinity_np(pthread_t thread, size_t cpusetsize,
cpu_set_t *cpuset);
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sched.h>
void *myfun(void *arg)
{
cpu_set_t mask;
cpu_set_t get;
char buf[256];
int i;
int j;
int num = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
printf("system has %d processor(s)\n", num);
for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
CPU_ZERO(&mask);
CPU_SET(i, &mask);
if (pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_self(), sizeof(mask), &mask) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "set thread affinity failed\n");
}
CPU_ZERO(&get);
if (pthread_getaffinity_np(pthread_self(), sizeof(get), &get) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "get thread affinity failed\n");
}
for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
if (CPU_ISSET(j, &get)) {
printf("thread %d is running in processor %d\n", (int)pthread_self(), j);
}
}
j = 0;
while (j++ < 100000000) {
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
}
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t tid;
if (pthread_create(&tid, NULL, (void *)myfun, NULL) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "thread create failed\n");
return -1;
}
pthread_join(tid, NULL);
return 0;
}