Robocopy
Robocopy，或者叫"Robust File Copy", 用来进行命令行目录复制。从Windows NT 4.0开始作为Windows Resource Kit的一部分，并且在Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008中已经自带了。 你可以用 robocopy /? 去看看如何使用。
它相比copy，xcopy等具有更多高级功能，比如支持断点传输，对文件属性的保留及去除，能跳过已经在目标文件夹中存在的指定文件的拷贝，多进程拷贝(win7 only)等。
例如下面这段命令实现了从Source文件夹将所有txt文件拷贝到Destination文件夹，同时去除所有文件的只读属性。所以Destination中的所有txt文件都是非只读的。
robocopy D:\Source D:\Destination *.txt /A-:R
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robocopy
Wiki，不多说了
http://ss64.com/nt/robocopy.html
英文，命令大全
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_494f9a6b0100furu.html
中文，里面包含命令及使用范例
-------------更多命令-----------------
Robust File and Folder Copy.
By default Robocopy will only copy a file if the source anddestination have different time stamps or different file sizes.
Syntax
ROBOCOPYsource_folder destination_folder [file(s)_to_copy] [options]
Key
file(s)_to_copy : Alist of files or a wildcard.
(defaults to copying *.*)
Source options
/S :Copy Subfolders.
/E :Copy Subfolders, including Empty Subfolders.
/COPY:copyflag[s] :What to COPY (default is /COPY:DAT)
(copyflags : D=Data, A=Attributes, T=Timestamps
S=Security=NTFS ACLs, O=Owner info, U=aUditing info).
/SEC :Copy files with SECurity (equivalent to /COPY:DATS).
/DCOPY:T : Copy Directory Timestamps. ##
/COPYALL :Copy ALL file info (equivalent to /COPY:DATSOU).
/NOCOPY :Copy NO file info (useful with /PURGE).
/A :Copy only files with the Archive attribute set.
/M : like /A, but remove Archive attributefrom source files.
/LEV:n :Only copy the top n LEVels of the source tree.
/MAXAGE:n :MAXimum file AGE - exclude files older than n days/date.
/MINAGE:n :MINimum file AGE - exclude files newer than n days/date.
(If n < 1900 then n = no of days, else n = YYYYMMDD date).
/FFT :Assume FAT File Times (2-second date/time granularity).
/256 :Turn off very long path (> 256 characters) support.
Copy options
/L :List only - don't copy, timestamp or delete any files.
/MOV :MOVe files (delete from source after copying).
/MOVE : Movefiles and dirs (delete from source after copying).
/Z :Copy files in restartable mode (survive network glitch).
/B :Copy files in Backup mode.
/ZB :Use restartable mode; if access denied use Backup mode.
/IPG:n :Inter-Packet Gap (ms), to free bandwidth on slow lines.
/R:n :Number of Retries on failed copies - default is 1 million.
/W:n :Wait time between retries - default is 30 seconds.
/REG :Save /R:n and /W:n in the Registry as default settings.
/TBD :Wait for sharenames To Be Defined (retry error 67).
Destination options
/A+:[RASHCNET] :Set file Attribute(s) on destination files + add.
/A-:[RASHCNET] :UnSet file Attribute(s) on destination files - remove.
/FAT :Create destination files using 8.3 FAT file names only.
/CREATE :CREATE directory tree structure + zero-length files only.
/DST :Compensate for one-hour DST time differences ##
/PURGE :Delete dest files/folders that no longer exist in source.
/MIR :MIRror a directory tree - equivalent to /PURGE plus all subfolders (/E)
Logging options
/L :List only - don't copy, timestamp or delete any files.
/NP :No Progress - don't display % copied.
/LOG:file :Output status to LOG file (overwrite existing log).
/LOG+:file :Output status to LOG file (append to existing log).
UNILOG and UNILOG+ will output to a unicode logfile ##
/TS :Include Source file Time Stamps in the output.
/FP :Include Full Pathname of files in the output.
/NS :No Size - don't log file sizes.
/NC :No Class - don't log file classes.
/NFL :No File List - don't log file names.
/NDL :No Directory List - don't log directory names.
/TEE :Output to console window, as well as the log file.
/NJH :No Job Header.
/NJS :No Job Summary.
Repeated Copy Options
/MON:n :MONitor source; run again when more than n changes seen.
/MOT:m :MOnitor source; run again in m minutes Time, if changed.
/RH:hhmm-hhmm :Run Hours - times when new copies may be started.
/PF :Check run hours on a Per File (not per pass) basis.
Job Options
/JOB:jobname :Take parameters from the named JOB file.
/SAVE:jobname :SAVE parameters to the named job file
/QUIT :QUIT after processing command line (to view parameters).
/NOSD :NO Source Directory is specified.
/NODD :NO Destination Directory is specified.
/IF : Include the following Files.
Advanced options you'll probably never use
/EFSRAW :Copy any encrypted files using EFS RAW mode.##
/MT[:n] :Multithreaded copying, n = no. of threads to use (1-128) ###
default = 8 threads, not compatible with /IPG and /EFSRAW
The use of /LOG is recommended for better performance.
/SECFIX :FIX file SECurity on all files, even skipped files.
/TIMFIX :FIX file TIMes on all files, even skipped files.
/XO :eXclude Older - if destination file exists and is the same date
or newer than the source - don't bother to overwrite it.
/XC | /XN :eXclude Changed | Newer files
/XX | /XL :eXclude eXtra | Lonely files and dirs.
An "extra" file is present in destination but not source,
excluding extras will delete from destination.
A"lonely" file is present in source but not destination
excluding lonely will prevent any new files being added to thedestination.
/XF file [file]... : eXclude Files matching givennames/paths/wildcards.
/XD dirs [dirs]... : eXclude Directories matching givennames/paths.
XF and XD can be used in combination e.g.
ROBOCOPY c:\source d:\dest /XF *.doc *.xls /XD c:\unwanted /S
/IA:[RASHCNETO] :Include files with any of the given Attributes
/XA:[RASHCNETO] : eXcludefiles with any of the given Attributes
/IS :Include Same, overwrite files even if they are already the same.
/IT :Include Tweaked files.
/XJ :eXclude Junction points. (normally included by default).
/MAX:n :MAXimum file size - exclude files bigger than n bytes.
/MIN:n :MINimum file size - exclude files smaller than n bytes.
/MAXLAD:n :MAXimum Last Access Date - exclude files unused since n.
/MINLAD:n :MINimum Last Access Date - exclude files used since n.
(If n < 1900 then n = n days, else n = YYYYMMDD date).
/BYTES :Print sizes as bytes.
/X :Report all eXtra files, not just those selected & copied.
/V : Produce Verbose output log,showing skipped files.
/ETA :Show Estimated Time of Arrival of copied files.
## = New Option in Vista (XP027) all other options on thispage are for the XP version of Robocopy (XP010)
### = New Option in Windows 7 and Windows 2008 R2
Robocopy EXIT CODES
File Attributes [RASHCNETO]
R – Read only
A – Archive
S – System
H – Hidden
C – Compressed
N – Not contentindexed
E – Encrypted
T – Temporary
O - Offline
If either the source or desination are a "quoted longfoldername" do not include a trailing backslash as this will be treated asan escape character, i.e. "C:\some path\" will fail but "C:\somepath\\" or "C:\some path\." or "C:\some path" willwork.
Robocopy will fail to copy files that are 'locked' by otherusers or applications, limiting the number of retries with /R:0 will speed uplarge jobs.
By copying only the files that have changed, robocopy can beused to backup very large volumes.
To limit the network bandwidth used by robocopy, specify theInter-Packet Gap parameter /IPG:n
This will send packets of 64 KB each followed by a delay ofn Milliseconds.
ROBOCOPY will accept UNC pathnames including UNC pathnamesover 256 characters long.
/REG Writes to the registry atHKCU\Software\Microsoft\ResKit\Robocopy
/B (backup mode) will allow Robocopy to override file andfolder permission settings (ACLs).
All versions of Robocopy will copy security information(ACLs) for directories, version XP010 will not copy file security changesunless the file itself has also changed, this greatly improves performance.
To run ROBOCOPY under a non-administrator account willrequire backup files privilege, to copy security information auditing privilegeis also required, plus of course you need at least read access to the files andfolders.
The Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit Tools include RobocopyXP010, this can be run on NT 4/ Windows 2000. Robocopy does not run on Windows95, or NT 3.5. (RoboCopy is a Unicode application).
Robocopy 'Jobs' and the 'MOnitor source' option provide analternative to setting up a Scheduled Task to run a batchfile with a RoboCopycommand.
Examples:
Copy files from one server to another (auto skip filesalready in the destination)
ROBOCOPY \\Server1\reports \\Server2\backup *.doc /S
List files over 32 MBytes in size:
ROBOCOPY C:\work /MAX:33554432 /L
Move files over 14 days old: (note the MOVE option will failif any files are open and locked.)
ROBOCOPY C:\work C:\destination /move /minage:14
Backup a Server
The script below copies data from FileServ1 to FileServ2,the destination holds a full mirror along with file security info. When runregularly to synchronize the source and destination, robocopy will only copythose files that have changed (change in time stamp or size.)
@ECHO OFF
SETLOCAL
SET _source=\\FileServ1\e$\users
SET _dest=\\FileServ2\e$\BackupUsers
SET _what=/COPYALL /B /SEC /MIR
:: /COPYALL :: COPY ALL file info
:: /B :: copy files in Backup mode.
:: /SEC :: copy files with SECurity
:: /MIR :: MIRror a directory tree
SET _options=/R:0 /W:0 /LOG:MyLogfile.txt /NFL /NDL
:: /R:n :: number of Retries
:: /W:n :: Wait time between retries
:: /LOG :: Output log file
:: /NFL :: No file logging
:: /NDL :: No dir logging
ROBOCOPY %_source% %_dest% %_what% %_options%
Run two robocopy jobs at the same time with START /Min
Start /Min "Job one" Robocopy\\FileServA\C$\Database1 \\FileServeBackupA\c$\Backups
Start /Min "Job two" Robocopy\\FileServB\C$\Database2 \\FileServeBackupB\c$\Backups