C#微信公众号开发系列教程三(消息体签名及加解密)

原文: C#微信公众号开发系列教程三(消息体签名及加解密)

 

C#微信公众号开发系列教程一(调试环境部署)
C#微信公众号开发系列教程一(调试环境部署续:vs远程调试)

C#微信公众号开发系列教程二(新手接入指南)

   距离上一篇博文已经半个月了,本来打算每两天更新一次的,但可怜苦逼码农无日无夜的加班。第一篇博文发表后,博文视点的编辑就找到我,问我想不想出版这个系列,我当时瞬间就想到了王大锤的独白,想想真的是有点小激动,后面按照那边的要求,提交了申请书,也提交了目录,可惜文笔不行,再加上最近太忙,样稿一直没有给他,感觉挺愧疚了。真心希望能帮一下迷茫的新手开发者,希望各位在看博文的时候能给小弟一些建议或意见,让这个系列能更完美的面向大家。

   前几篇主要是微信开发的准备工作,也没有什么技术含量。在第一篇和第二篇中,我主要讲的是使用花生壳来配合vs进行代码调试,也一度被园友吐槽本人是花生壳请来的逗比,没办法,为了和花生壳划清界限,在本篇进入正文前,为大家介绍一个比花生壳更好用的工具ngrok(群里的朋友介绍的,我现在冒充下逗比介绍给大家。),ngrok的好处我就不在此具体说明了,毕竟不是本文的重点,我录了视频,有兴趣的可以下载看下。链接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1eQ8akQQ 密码: ov6l

   出于安全考虑,微信公众平台在10月份的时候加入了消息体的加解密功能,首先,需要先验证签名,用于公众平台和公众账号验证消息体的正确性,其次,针对推送给公众号的普通消息和事件消息,以及推送给设备公众账号的设备进行加密,最后,公众号对密文消息的回复也需要加密。启用加解密功能后,公众平台服务器在向公众号服务器配置地址推送消息时,url将新增加两个参数,一个是加密类型一个是消息体签名,并以此来体现新功能。加密算法采用AES。关于明文模式,兼容模式,安全模式的说明,大家请参考官方文档.

验证消息真实性和加解密的帮助类官方提供的有demo,再次不详细讲述了,下载下来可以直接调用,下面请看代码:

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Security.Cryptography;

using System.IO;

using System.Net;

namespace WxApi

{

    public class Cryptography

    {

        public static UInt32 HostToNetworkOrder(UInt32 inval)

        {

            UInt32 outval = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)

                outval = (outval << 8) + ((inval >> (i * 8)) & 255);

            return outval;

        }



        public static Int32 HostToNetworkOrder(Int32 inval)

        {

            Int32 outval = 0;

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)

                outval = (outval << 8) + ((inval >> (i * 8)) & 255);

            return outval;

        }

        /// <summary>

        /// 解密方法

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="Input">密文</param>

        /// <param name="EncodingAESKey"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        /// 

        public static string AES_decrypt(String Input, string EncodingAESKey, ref string appid)

        {

            byte[] Key;

            Key = Convert.FromBase64String(EncodingAESKey + "=");

            byte[] Iv = new byte[16];

            Array.Copy(Key, Iv, 16);

            byte[] btmpMsg = AES_decrypt(Input, Iv, Key);



            int len = BitConverter.ToInt32(btmpMsg, 16);

            len = IPAddress.NetworkToHostOrder(len);





            byte[] bMsg = new byte[len];

            byte[] bAppid = new byte[btmpMsg.Length - 20 - len];

            Array.Copy(btmpMsg, 20, bMsg, 0, len);

            Array.Copy(btmpMsg, 20 + len, bAppid, 0, btmpMsg.Length - 20 - len);

            string oriMsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bMsg);

            appid = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bAppid);





            return oriMsg;

        }



        public static String AES_encrypt(String Input, string EncodingAESKey, string appid)

        {

            byte[] Key;

            Key = Convert.FromBase64String(EncodingAESKey + "=");

            byte[] Iv = new byte[16];

            Array.Copy(Key, Iv, 16);

            string Randcode = CreateRandCode(16);

            byte[] bRand = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Randcode);

            byte[] bAppid = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(appid);

            byte[] btmpMsg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Input);

            byte[] bMsgLen = BitConverter.GetBytes(HostToNetworkOrder(btmpMsg.Length));

            byte[] bMsg = new byte[bRand.Length + bMsgLen.Length + bAppid.Length + btmpMsg.Length];



            Array.Copy(bRand, bMsg, bRand.Length);

            Array.Copy(bMsgLen, 0, bMsg, bRand.Length, bMsgLen.Length);

            Array.Copy(btmpMsg, 0, bMsg, bRand.Length + bMsgLen.Length, btmpMsg.Length);

            Array.Copy(bAppid, 0, bMsg, bRand.Length + bMsgLen.Length + btmpMsg.Length, bAppid.Length);



            return AES_encrypt(bMsg, Iv, Key);



        }

        private static string CreateRandCode(int codeLen)

        {

            string codeSerial = "2,3,4,5,6,7,a,c,d,e,f,h,i,j,k,m,n,p,r,s,t,A,C,D,E,F,G,H,J,K,M,N,P,Q,R,S,U,V,W,X,Y,Z";

            if (codeLen == 0)

            {

                codeLen = 16;

            }

            string[] arr = codeSerial.Split(',');

            string code = "";

            int randValue = -1;

            Random rand = new Random(unchecked((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks));

            for (int i = 0; i < codeLen; i++)

            {

                randValue = rand.Next(0, arr.Length - 1);

                code += arr[randValue];

            }

            return code;

        }



        private static String AES_encrypt(String Input, byte[] Iv, byte[] Key)

        {

            var aes = new RijndaelManaged();

            //秘钥的大小,以位为单位

            aes.KeySize = 256;

            //支持的块大小

            aes.BlockSize = 128;

            //填充模式

            aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;

            aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;

            aes.Key = Key;

            aes.IV = Iv;

            var encrypt = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);

            byte[] xBuff = null;



            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())

            {

                using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encrypt, CryptoStreamMode.Write))

                {

                    byte[] xXml = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Input);

                    cs.Write(xXml, 0, xXml.Length);

                }

                xBuff = ms.ToArray();

            }

            String Output = Convert.ToBase64String(xBuff);

            return Output;

        }



        private static String AES_encrypt(byte[] Input, byte[] Iv, byte[] Key)

        {

            var aes = new RijndaelManaged();

            //秘钥的大小,以位为单位

            aes.KeySize = 256;

            //支持的块大小

            aes.BlockSize = 128;

            //填充模式

            //aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;

            aes.Padding = PaddingMode.None;

            aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;

            aes.Key = Key;

            aes.IV = Iv;

            var encrypt = aes.CreateEncryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);

            byte[] xBuff = null;



            #region 自己进行PKCS7补位,用系统自己带的不行

            byte[] msg = new byte[Input.Length + 32 - Input.Length % 32];

            Array.Copy(Input, msg, Input.Length);

            byte[] pad = KCS7Encoder(Input.Length);

            Array.Copy(pad, 0, msg, Input.Length, pad.Length);

            #endregion



            #region 注释的也是一种方法,效果一样

            //ICryptoTransform transform = aes.CreateEncryptor();

            //byte[] xBuff = transform.TransformFinalBlock(msg, 0, msg.Length);

            #endregion



            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())

            {

                using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, encrypt, CryptoStreamMode.Write))

                {

                    cs.Write(msg, 0, msg.Length);

                }

                xBuff = ms.ToArray();

            }



            String Output = Convert.ToBase64String(xBuff);

            return Output;

        }



        private static byte[] KCS7Encoder(int text_length)

        {

            int block_size = 32;

            // 计算需要填充的位数

            int amount_to_pad = block_size - (text_length % block_size);

            if (amount_to_pad == 0)

            {

                amount_to_pad = block_size;

            }

            // 获得补位所用的字符

            char pad_chr = chr(amount_to_pad);

            string tmp = "";

            for (int index = 0; index < amount_to_pad; index++)

            {

                tmp += pad_chr;

            }

            return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tmp);

        }

        /**

         * 将数字转化成ASCII码对应的字符,用于对明文进行补码

         * 

         * @param a 需要转化的数字

         * @return 转化得到的字符

         */

        static char chr(int a)

        {



            byte target = (byte)(a & 0xFF);

            return (char)target;

        }

        private static byte[] AES_decrypt(String Input, byte[] Iv, byte[] Key)

        {

            RijndaelManaged aes = new RijndaelManaged();

            aes.KeySize = 256;

            aes.BlockSize = 128;

            aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;

            aes.Padding = PaddingMode.None;

            aes.Key = Key;

            aes.IV = Iv;

            var decrypt = aes.CreateDecryptor(aes.Key, aes.IV);

            byte[] xBuff = null;

            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())

            {

                using (var cs = new CryptoStream(ms, decrypt, CryptoStreamMode.Write))

                {

                    byte[] xXml = Convert.FromBase64String(Input);

                    byte[] msg = new byte[xXml.Length + 32 - xXml.Length % 32];

                    Array.Copy(xXml, msg, xXml.Length);

                    cs.Write(xXml, 0, xXml.Length);

                }

                xBuff = decode2(ms.ToArray());

            }

            return xBuff;

        }

        private static byte[] decode2(byte[] decrypted)

        {

            int pad = (int)decrypted[decrypted.Length - 1];

            if (pad < 1 || pad > 32)

            {

                pad = 0;

            }

            byte[] res = new byte[decrypted.Length - pad];

            Array.Copy(decrypted, 0, res, 0, decrypted.Length - pad);

            return res;

        }

    }

}
using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Xml;

using System.Collections;

//using System.Web;

using System.Security.Cryptography;

//-40001 : 签名验证错误

//-40002 :  xml解析失败

//-40003 :  sha加密生成签名失败

//-40004 :  AESKey 非法

//-40005 :  appid 校验错误

//-40006 :  AES 加密失败

//-40007 : AES 解密失败

//-40008 : 解密后得到的buffer非法

//-40009 :  base64加密异常

//-40010 :  base64解密异常

namespace WxApi

{

   public class MsgCrypt

    {

        string m_sToken;

        string m_sEncodingAESKey;

        string m_sAppID;

        enum WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode

        {

            WXBizMsgCrypt_OK = 0,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error = -40001,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error = -40002,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error = -40003,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey = -40004,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateAppid_Error = -40005,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error = -40006,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error = -40007,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalBuffer = -40008,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_EncodeBase64_Error = -40009,

            WXBizMsgCrypt_DecodeBase64_Error = -40010

        };



        //构造函数

        // @param sToken: 公众平台上,开发者设置的Token

        // @param sEncodingAESKey: 公众平台上,开发者设置的EncodingAESKey

        // @param sAppID: 公众帐号的appid

        public MsgCrypt(string sToken, string sEncodingAESKey, string sAppID)

        {

            m_sToken = sToken;

            m_sAppID = sAppID;

            m_sEncodingAESKey = sEncodingAESKey;

        }





        // 检验消息的真实性,并且获取解密后的明文

        // @param sMsgSignature: 签名串,对应URL参数的msg_signature

        // @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳,对应URL参数的timestamp

        // @param sNonce: 随机串,对应URL参数的nonce

        // @param sPostData: 密文,对应POST请求的数据

        // @param sMsg: 解密后的原文,当return返回0时有效

        // @return: 成功0,失败返回对应的错误码

        public int DecryptMsg(string sMsgSignature, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, string sPostData, ref string sMsg)

        {

            if (m_sEncodingAESKey.Length != 43)

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey;

            }

            XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();

            XmlNode root;

            string sEncryptMsg;

            try

            {

                doc.LoadXml(sPostData);

                root = doc.FirstChild;

                sEncryptMsg = root["Encrypt"].InnerText;

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ParseXml_Error;

            }

            //verify signature

            int ret = 0;

            ret = VerifySignature(m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sEncryptMsg, sMsgSignature);

            if (ret != 0)

                return ret;

            //decrypt

            string cpid = "";

            try

            {

                sMsg = Cryptography.AES_decrypt(sEncryptMsg, m_sEncodingAESKey, ref cpid);

            }

            catch (FormatException)

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecodeBase64_Error;

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_DecryptAES_Error;

            }

            if (cpid != m_sAppID)

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateAppid_Error;

            return 0;

        }



        //将企业号回复用户的消息加密打包

        // @param sReplyMsg: 企业号待回复用户的消息,xml格式的字符串

        // @param sTimeStamp: 时间戳,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的timestamp

        // @param sNonce: 随机串,可以自己生成,也可以用URL参数的nonce

        // @param sEncryptMsg: 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文,包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串,

        //                        当return返回0时有效

        // return:成功0,失败返回对应的错误码

        public int EncryptMsg(string sReplyMsg, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, ref string sEncryptMsg)

        {

            if (m_sEncodingAESKey.Length != 43)

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_IllegalAesKey;

            }

            string raw = "";

            try

            {

                raw = Cryptography.AES_encrypt(sReplyMsg, m_sEncodingAESKey, m_sAppID);

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_EncryptAES_Error;

            }

            string MsgSigature = "";

            int ret = 0;

            ret = GenarateSinature(m_sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, raw, ref MsgSigature);

            if (0 != ret)

                return ret;

            sEncryptMsg = "";



            string EncryptLabelHead = "<Encrypt><![CDATA[";

            string EncryptLabelTail = "]]></Encrypt>";

            string MsgSigLabelHead = "<MsgSignature><![CDATA[";

            string MsgSigLabelTail = "]]></MsgSignature>";

            string TimeStampLabelHead = "<TimeStamp><![CDATA[";

            string TimeStampLabelTail = "]]></TimeStamp>";

            string NonceLabelHead = "<Nonce><![CDATA[";

            string NonceLabelTail = "]]></Nonce>";

            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + "<xml>" + EncryptLabelHead + raw + EncryptLabelTail;

            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + MsgSigLabelHead + MsgSigature + MsgSigLabelTail;

            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + TimeStampLabelHead + sTimeStamp + TimeStampLabelTail;

            sEncryptMsg = sEncryptMsg + NonceLabelHead + sNonce + NonceLabelTail;

            sEncryptMsg += "</xml>";

            return 0;

        }



        public class DictionarySort : System.Collections.IComparer

        {

            public int Compare(object oLeft, object oRight)

            {

                string sLeft = oLeft as string;

                string sRight = oRight as string;

                int iLeftLength = sLeft.Length;

                int iRightLength = sRight.Length;

                int index = 0;

                while (index < iLeftLength && index < iRightLength)

                {

                    if (sLeft[index] < sRight[index])

                        return -1;

                    else if (sLeft[index] > sRight[index])

                        return 1;

                    else

                        index++;

                }

                return iLeftLength - iRightLength;



            }

        }

        //Verify Signature

        private static int VerifySignature(string sToken, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, string sMsgEncrypt, string sSigture)

        {

            string hash = "";

            int ret = 0;

            ret = GenarateSinature(sToken, sTimeStamp, sNonce, sMsgEncrypt, ref hash);

            if (ret != 0)

                return ret;

            //System.Console.WriteLine(hash);

            if (hash == sSigture)

                return 0;

            else

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ValidateSignature_Error;

            }

        }



        public static int GenarateSinature(string sToken, string sTimeStamp, string sNonce, string sMsgEncrypt, ref string sMsgSignature)

        {

            ArrayList AL = new ArrayList();

            AL.Add(sToken);

            AL.Add(sTimeStamp);

            AL.Add(sNonce);

            AL.Add(sMsgEncrypt);

            AL.Sort(new DictionarySort());

            string raw = "";

            for (int i = 0; i < AL.Count; ++i)

            {

                raw += AL[i];

            }



            SHA1 sha;

            ASCIIEncoding enc;

            string hash = "";

            try

            {

                sha = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();

                enc = new ASCIIEncoding();

                byte[] dataToHash = enc.GetBytes(raw);

                byte[] dataHashed = sha.ComputeHash(dataToHash);

                hash = BitConverter.ToString(dataHashed).Replace("-", "");

                hash = hash.ToLower();

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return (int)WXBizMsgCryptErrorCode.WXBizMsgCrypt_ComputeSignature_Error;

            }

            sMsgSignature = hash;

            return 0;

        }

    }

}

 

在处理程序中,首先获取到公众平台服务器发送过来的数据,并转成字符串。代码如下

string postStr = "";

            Stream s = VqiRequest.GetInputStream();//此方法是对System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream的封装,可直接代码

            byte[] b = new byte[s.Length];

            s.Read(b, 0, (int)s.Length);

            postStr = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(b);

然后再分别获取url中的参数:timestamp,nonce,msg_signature,encrypt_type。可以看到,在明文模式下是没有encrypt_type参数的。如图:

image

明文模式

 

image

兼容模式和安全模式

 

兼容模式和安全模式则加入了消息体的签名与加密类型两个参数。

由于在实际的运营中,兼容模式不太可能使用,所以在此不做详细介绍了。

接着上面的讲。获取到url中的参数后,判断encrypt_type的值是否为aes,如果是则说明是使用的兼容模式或安全模式,此时则需调用解密相关的方法进行解密。

if (encrypt_type == "aes")

            {

                requestXML.IsAes = true;

                requestXML.EncodingAESKey = aeskey;

                requestXML.token = token;

                requestXML.appid = appid;

                var ret = new MsgCrypt(token, aeskey, appid);

                int r = ret.DecryptMsg(msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, postStr, ref data);

                if (r!=0)

                {

                    WxApi.Base.WriteBug("消息解密失败");

                    return null;

               

                }

            }

否则则直接解析接收到的xml字符串。

下图是接收到的密文:

image

 

解密之后的内容如下:

image

此时就可以解析此xml了。

 

当需要回复加密的请求时,回复的内容也是需要加密的,所以在回复前需要判断此条接收到的消息是否加密,如果是加密的,则需要将需要回复的内容加密后,再进行回复。回复消息的方法将在下一篇中具体讲解,此篇只讲解加密的过程。

处理代码如下:

private static void Response(WeiXinRequest requestXML, string data)

        {

            if (requestXML.IsAes)

            {

                var wxcpt = new MsgCrypt(requestXML.token, requestXML.EncodingAESKey, requestXML.appid);

                 wxcpt.EncryptMsg(data, Utils.ConvertDateTimeInt(DateTime.Now).ToString(), Utils.GetRamCode(), ref data);

            }

            Utils.ResponseWrite(data);

      

        }

将接收到的消息实体和需要回复的内容xml传递过来,如果是加密的,则加密后再Response,否则直接Response。

 

时间仓促,如有不明白的,请留言,如果你觉得本篇博文对你有帮助,请点击一下推荐,推荐给更多的朋友的。

各位有建议或者意见可留言给我哦,或者加如QQ群一起进行交流。C#微信开发交流

 

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C#微信公众号开发系列教程三(消息体签名及加解密)

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