前一段时间一直都挺忙的,各种事,也没来得及每周的总结,趁着晚上的一点时间把项目中用的Echart中常用的各种图表给抽象总结了一下,趁着周末跟大家分享一下。之前写过一篇相关的文章,当时主要是讲了如何引入、使用Echart,最新的Echart版本已经发布,之前讲的很多文件都可以删除了,下边会一一给大家细讲。
为了更好的讲解如何使用这个图形渲染插件,我会通过创建一个解决方案的形式一点点给大家讲解清楚。
首先创建一个解决方案,目录如下:
之前的一篇文章中讲到如果要使用Echarts还要下载相关的ZRender的渲染包,最新的版本已经将这些合并在一起了,只需要引用图中红框标注的echarts文件夹下的文件即可。各文件的作用如下:
l Echarts-map.js :主要用来渲染跟地图相关
l Echarts.js :基本的常规图形相关
l Esl.js :图像引擎
Statics文件夹下的ECharts.js文件,为我自己抽象总结出来的用于Echarts的配置文件加载、数据处理、初始化各种图像类型的配置、图像渲染的一些方法。
根据Echarts官网的讲解,我把Echarts的使用归结为一下的几个步骤,同时这些步骤相应的实现对应到Statics文件夹下的Echarts.js,该文件的主要代码目录如下:
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Var ECharts={
ChartConfig:function(container,option){ …..},//加载Echarts配置文件
ChartDataFormate:{….},//数据格式化
ChartOptionTemplates:{….},//初始化常用的图表类型
Charts:{ RenderChart:function(option){….},//渲染图表
RenderMap:function(option){…}//渲染地图
}
};
Var ECharts={ ChartConfig:function(container,option){ …..},//加载Echarts配置文件 ChartDataFormate:{….},//数据格式化 ChartOptionTemplates:{….},//初始化常用的图表类型 Charts:{ RenderChart:function(option){….},//渲染图表 RenderMap:function(option){…}//渲染地图 } };
2.1 Echarts配置文件的引入
在开始使用时,首先需要引入Echarts 的配置文件,也就是要加载基本的图像类型,我们可以在每一个页面都引入,但是这样抽象化程度不高,重复使用率也不高,只需要有一个配置项在每次引用的时候加载一下即可,对应到具体的代码实现,如下:
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ChartConfig: function (container, option) { //container:为页面要渲染图表的容器,option为已经初始化好的图表类型的option配置
var chart_path = "/Statics/echarts/echarts"; //配置图表请求路径
var map_path = "/Statics/echarts/echarts-map";//配置地图的请求路径
require.config({//引入常用的图表类型的配置
paths: {
echarts: chart_path,
'echarts/chart/bar': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/pie': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/line': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/k': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/scatter': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/radar': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/chord': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/force': chart_path,
'echarts/chart/map': map_path
}
});
this.option = { chart: {}, option: option, container: container };
return this.option;
}
ChartConfig: function (container, option) { //container:为页面要渲染图表的容器,option为已经初始化好的图表类型的option配置 var chart_path = "/Statics/echarts/echarts"; //配置图表请求路径 var map_path = "/Statics/echarts/echarts-map";//配置地图的请求路径 require.config({//引入常用的图表类型的配置 paths: { echarts: chart_path, 'echarts/chart/bar': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/pie': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/line': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/k': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/scatter': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/radar': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/chord': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/force': chart_path, 'echarts/chart/map': map_path } }); this.option = { chart: {}, option: option, container: container }; return this.option; }
为了能够更好的展现各种的数据,在进行图表的option配置之前,需要先对从后台请求过来的数据进行格式化。后台返回的数据必须是json格式的数据,且数据类型只能为以下两种类型:
Result1=[{name:XXX,value:XXX},{name:XXX,value:XXX}….]
Result2=[{name:XXX,group:XXX,value:XXX},{name:XXX,group:XXX,value:XXX]
具体的代码实现如下:
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ChartDataFormate: {
FormateNOGroupData: function (data) {//data的格式如上的Result1,这种格式的数据,多用于饼图、单一的柱形图的数据源
var categories = [];
var datas = [];
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
categories.push(data[i].name || "");
datas.push({ name: data[i].name, value: data[i].value || 0 });
}
return { category: categories, data: datas };
},
FormateGroupData: function (data, type, is_stack) {//data的格式如上的Result2,type为要渲染的图表类型:可以为line,bar,is_stack表示为是否是堆积图,这种格式的数据多用于展示多条折线图、分组的柱图
var chart_type = 'line';
if (type)
chart_type = type || 'line';
var xAxis = [];
var group = [];
var series = [];
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < xAxis.length && xAxis[j] != data[i].name; j++);
if (j == xAxis.length)
xAxis.push(data[i].name);
for (var k = 0; k < group.length && group[k] != data[i].group; k++);
if (k == group.length)
group.push(data[i].group);
}
for (var i = 0; i < group.length; i++) {
var temp = [];
for (var j = 0; j < data.length; j++) {
if (group[i] == data[j].group) {
if (type == "map")
temp.push({ name: data[j].name, value: data[i].value });
else
temp.push(data[j].value);
}
}
switch (type) {
case 'bar':
var series_temp = { name: group[i], data: temp, type: chart_type };
if (is_stack)
series_temp = $.extend({}, { stack: 'stack' }, series_temp);
break;
case 'map':
var series_temp = {
name: group[i], type: chart_type, mapType: 'china', selectedMode: 'single',
itemStyle: {
normal: { label: { show: true} },
emphasis: { label: { show: true} }
},
data: temp
};
break;
case 'line':
var series_temp = { name: group[i], data: temp, type: chart_type };
if (is_stack)
series_temp = $.extend({}, { stack: 'stack' }, series_temp);
break;
default:
var series_temp = { name: group[i], data: temp, type: chart_type };
}
series.push(series_temp);
}
return { category: group, xAxis: xAxis, series: series };
},
ChartDataFormate: { FormateNOGroupData: function (data) {//data的格式如上的Result1,这种格式的数据,多用于饼图、单一的柱形图的数据源 var categories = []; var datas = []; for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { categories.push(data[i].name || ""); datas.push({ name: data[i].name, value: data[i].value || 0 }); } return { category: categories, data: datas }; }, FormateGroupData: function (data, type, is_stack) {//data的格式如上的Result2,type为要渲染的图表类型:可以为line,bar,is_stack表示为是否是堆积图,这种格式的数据多用于展示多条折线图、分组的柱图 var chart_type = 'line'; if (type) chart_type = type || 'line'; var xAxis = []; var group = []; var series = []; for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { for (var j = 0; j < xAxis.length && xAxis[j] != data[i].name; j++); if (j == xAxis.length) xAxis.push(data[i].name); for (var k = 0; k < group.length && group[k] != data[i].group; k++); if (k == group.length) group.push(data[i].group); } for (var i = 0; i < group.length; i++) { var temp = []; for (var j = 0; j < data.length; j++) { if (group[i] == data[j].group) { if (type == "map") temp.push({ name: data[j].name, value: data[i].value }); else temp.push(data[j].value); } } switch (type) { case 'bar': var series_temp = { name: group[i], data: temp, type: chart_type }; if (is_stack) series_temp = $.extend({}, { stack: 'stack' }, series_temp); break; case 'map': var series_temp = { name: group[i], type: chart_type, mapType: 'china', selectedMode: 'single', itemStyle: { normal: { label: { show: true} }, emphasis: { label: { show: true} } }, data: temp }; break; case 'line': var series_temp = { name: group[i], data: temp, type: chart_type }; if (is_stack) series_temp = $.extend({}, { stack: 'stack' }, series_temp); break; default: var series_temp = { name: group[i], data: temp, type: chart_type }; } series.push(series_temp); } return { category: group, xAxis: xAxis, series: series }; },
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2.3 各种图表类型的配置初始化
在通过2.2步骤将从后台获得的数据进行初始化之后,我们就可以进行图表的option的配置了,在这里我主要对常用的饼图、柱图(单一、分组、堆积柱图)、折线图(分组、堆积折线图)、柱图+折线(增幅)图、中国地图等图进行了配置项的初始化。具体实现如下:
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ChartOptionTemplates: {
CommonOption: {//通用的图表基本配置
tooltip: {
trigger: 'axis'//tooltip触发方式:axis以X轴线触发,item以每一个数据项触发
},
toolbox: {
show: true, //是否显示工具栏
feature: {
mark: true,
dataView: { readOnly: false }, //数据预览
restore: true, //复原
saveAsImage: true //是否保存图片
}
}
},
CommonLineOption: {//通用的折线图表的基本配置
tooltip: {
trigger: 'axis'
},
toolbox: {
show: true,
feature: {
dataView: { readOnly: false }, //数据预览
restore: true, //复原
saveAsImage: true, //是否保存图片
magicType: ['line', 'bar']//支持柱形图和折线图的切换
}
}
},
Pie: function (data, name) {//data:数据格式:{name:xxx,value:xxx}...
var pie_datas = ECharts.ChartDataFormate.FormateNOGroupData(data);
var option = {
tooltip: {
trigger: 'item',
formatter: '{b} : {c} ({d}/%)',
show: true
},
legend: {
orient: 'vertical',
x: 'left',
data: pie_datas.category
},
series: [
{
name: name || "",
type: 'pie',
radius: '65%',
center: ['50%', '50%'],
data: pie_datas.data
}
]
};
return $.extend({}, ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.CommonOption, option);
},
Lines: function (data, name, is_stack) { //data:数据格式:{name:xxx,group:xxx,value:xxx}...
var stackline_datas = ECharts.ChartDataFormate.FormateGroupData(data, 'line', is_stack);
var option = {
legend: {
data: stackline_datas.category
},
xAxis: [{
type: 'category', //X轴均为category,Y轴均为value
data: stackline_datas.xAxis,
boundaryGap: false//数值轴两端的空白策略
}],
yAxis: [{
name: name || '',
type: 'value',
splitArea: { show: true }
}],
series: stackline_datas.series
};
return $.extend({}, ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.CommonLineOption, option);
},
Bars: function (data, name, is_stack) {//data:数据格式:{name:xxx,group:xxx,value:xxx}...
var bars_dates = ECharts.ChartDataFormate.FormateGroupData(data, 'bar', is_stack);
var option = {
legend: bars_dates.category,
xAxis: [{
type: 'category',
data: bars_dates.xAxis,
axisLabel: {
show: true,
interval: 'auto',
rotate: 0,
margion: 8
}
}],
yAxis: [{
type: 'value',
name: name || '',
splitArea: { show: true }
}],
series: bars_dates.series
};
return $.extend({}, ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.CommonLineOption, option);
},
……..//其他的图表配置,如柱图+折线、地图
……..
}
ChartOptionTemplates: { CommonOption: {//通用的图表基本配置 tooltip: { trigger: 'axis'//tooltip触发方式:axis以X轴线触发,item以每一个数据项触发 }, toolbox: { show: true, //是否显示工具栏 feature: { mark: true, dataView: { readOnly: false }, //数据预览 restore: true, //复原 saveAsImage: true //是否保存图片 } } }, CommonLineOption: {//通用的折线图表的基本配置 tooltip: { trigger: 'axis' }, toolbox: { show: true, feature: { dataView: { readOnly: false }, //数据预览 restore: true, //复原 saveAsImage: true, //是否保存图片 magicType: ['line', 'bar']//支持柱形图和折线图的切换 } } }, Pie: function (data, name) {//data:数据格式:{name:xxx,value:xxx}... var pie_datas = ECharts.ChartDataFormate.FormateNOGroupData(data); var option = { tooltip: { trigger: 'item', formatter: '{b} : {c} ({d}/%)', show: true }, legend: { orient: 'vertical', x: 'left', data: pie_datas.category }, series: [ { name: name || "", type: 'pie', radius: '65%', center: ['50%', '50%'], data: pie_datas.data } ] }; return $.extend({}, ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.CommonOption, option); }, Lines: function (data, name, is_stack) { //data:数据格式:{name:xxx,group:xxx,value:xxx}... var stackline_datas = ECharts.ChartDataFormate.FormateGroupData(data, 'line', is_stack); var option = { legend: { data: stackline_datas.category }, xAxis: [{ type: 'category', //X轴均为category,Y轴均为value data: stackline_datas.xAxis, boundaryGap: false//数值轴两端的空白策略 }], yAxis: [{ name: name || '', type: 'value', splitArea: { show: true } }], series: stackline_datas.series }; return $.extend({}, ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.CommonLineOption, option); }, Bars: function (data, name, is_stack) {//data:数据格式:{name:xxx,group:xxx,value:xxx}... var bars_dates = ECharts.ChartDataFormate.FormateGroupData(data, 'bar', is_stack); var option = { legend: bars_dates.category, xAxis: [{ type: 'category', data: bars_dates.xAxis, axisLabel: { show: true, interval: 'auto', rotate: 0, margion: 8 } }], yAxis: [{ type: 'value', name: name || '', splitArea: { show: true } }], series: bars_dates.series }; return $.extend({}, ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.CommonLineOption, option); }, ……..//其他的图表配置,如柱图+折线、地图 …….. }
在配置好图表类型的option之后,就可进行图表的渲染了,具体的代码实现如下:
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Charts: {
RenderChart: function (option) {
require([
'echarts',
'echarts/chart/line',
'echarts/chart/bar',
'echarts/chart/pie',
'echarts/chart/k',
'echarts/chart/scatter',
'echarts/chart/radar',
'echarts/chart/chord',
'echarts/chart/force',
'echarts/chart/map'
],
function (ec) {
echarts = ec;
if (option.chart && option.chart.dispose)
option.chart.dispose();
option.chart = echarts.init(option.container);
window.onresize = option.chart.resize;
option.chart.setOption(option.option, true);
});
},
……..//渲染其他的图表类型,如:地图
……..
}
Charts: { RenderChart: function (option) { require([ 'echarts', 'echarts/chart/line', 'echarts/chart/bar', 'echarts/chart/pie', 'echarts/chart/k', 'echarts/chart/scatter', 'echarts/chart/radar', 'echarts/chart/chord', 'echarts/chart/force', 'echarts/chart/map' ], function (ec) { echarts = ec; if (option.chart && option.chart.dispose) option.chart.dispose(); option.chart = echarts.init(option.container); window.onresize = option.chart.resize; option.chart.setOption(option.option, true); }); }, ……..//渲染其他的图表类型,如:地图 …….. }
3. 具体页面的使用
经过2步骤中的一些列的配置、处理、初始化,我们就可以具体的使用了,在每一个aspx页面使用之前,我们首先需要在页面的标题引入以下的文件:
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<script src="/Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/Statics/echarts/esl.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/Statics/ECharts.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="/Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Statics/echarts/esl.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/Statics/ECharts.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
引入之后就可进行使用了,下面演示几个常用的图表的使用:
首页每个aspx页面上都有一个div用来做渲染图表的容器,如下:
<div id="echart" style="width:100%; height:400px;"></div>
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<script type="text/javascript">
$(
function () {
var data = [{ name: 'olive', value: 20 }, { name: 'only', value: 20 }, { name: 'momo', value: 20}];
var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Pie(data);
var container = $("#echart")[0];
opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option);
ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt);
}
);
</script>
<script type="text/javascript"> $( function () { var data = [{ name: 'olive', value: 20 }, { name: 'only', value: 20 }, { name: 'momo', value: 20}]; var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Pie(data); var container = $("#echart")[0]; opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option); ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt); } ); </script>
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<script type="text/javascript">
$(
function () {
var data = [{ name: 'olive', value: 20 }, { name: 'only', value: 20 }, { name: 'momo', value: 20}];
var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Bar(data);
var container = $("#echart")[0];
opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option);
ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt);
}
);
$(
function () {
var data = [{ name: '2014-01', value: 20, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-01', value: 40, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 30, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 10, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 200, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 60, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 50, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 45, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 110, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 80, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 90, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 60, group: 'B'}];
var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Bars(data,'Love');
var container = $("#echart")[0];
opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option);
ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt);
var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Bars(data, 'Love', true);
var container = $("#echart1")[0];
opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option);
ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt);
}
);
</script>
<script type="text/javascript"> $( function () { var data = [{ name: 'olive', value: 20 }, { name: 'only', value: 20 }, { name: 'momo', value: 20}]; var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Bar(data); var container = $("#echart")[0]; opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option); ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt); } ); $( function () { var data = [{ name: '2014-01', value: 20, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-01', value: 40, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 30, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 10, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 200, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 60, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 50, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 45, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 110, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 80, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 90, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 60, group: 'B'}]; var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Bars(data,'Love'); var container = $("#echart")[0]; opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option); ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt); var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Bars(data, 'Love', true); var container = $("#echart1")[0]; opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option); ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt); } ); </script>
3.2.2展示效果
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<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
var data = [
{ name: '2013-01', group: 'olive', value: 116 },
{ name: '2013-01', group: 'momo', value: 115 },
{ name: '2013-01', group: 'only', value: 222 },
{ name: '2013-01', group: 'for', value: 324 },
{ name: '2013-02', group: 'olive', value: 156 },
{ name: '2013-02', group: 'momo', value: 185 },
{ name: '2013-02', group: 'only', value: 202 },
{ name: '2013-02', group: 'for', value: 34 },
{ name: '2013-03', group: 'olive', value: 16 },
{ name: '2013-03', group: 'momo', value: 51 },
{ name: '2013-03', group: 'only', value: 22 },
{ name: '2013-03', group: 'for', value: 84 }
];
var opt = HighChart.ChartOptionTemplates.Line(data, 'Love-Rate', "折线图示例");
var container = $("#container");
HighChart.RenderChart(opt, container);
});
$(
function () {
var data = [{ name: '2014-01', value: 20, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-01', value: 40, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 30, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 10, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 200, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 60, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 50, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 45, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 110, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 80, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 90, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 60, group: 'B'}];
var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Lines(data,'lines',false);
var container = $("#echart")[0];
opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option);
ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt);
var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Lines(data, 'lines', true);
var container = $("#echart1")[0];
opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option);
ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt);
}
);
</script>
<script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { var data = [ { name: '2013-01', group: 'olive', value: 116 }, { name: '2013-01', group: 'momo', value: 115 }, { name: '2013-01', group: 'only', value: 222 }, { name: '2013-01', group: 'for', value: 324 }, { name: '2013-02', group: 'olive', value: 156 }, { name: '2013-02', group: 'momo', value: 185 }, { name: '2013-02', group: 'only', value: 202 }, { name: '2013-02', group: 'for', value: 34 }, { name: '2013-03', group: 'olive', value: 16 }, { name: '2013-03', group: 'momo', value: 51 }, { name: '2013-03', group: 'only', value: 22 }, { name: '2013-03', group: 'for', value: 84 } ]; var opt = HighChart.ChartOptionTemplates.Line(data, 'Love-Rate', "折线图示例"); var container = $("#container"); HighChart.RenderChart(opt, container); }); $( function () { var data = [{ name: '2014-01', value: 20, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-01', value: 40, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 30, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-02', value: 10, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 200, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-03', value: 60, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 50, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-04', value: 45, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 110, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-05', value: 80, group: 'B' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 90, group: 'A' }, { name: '2014-06', value: 60, group: 'B'}]; var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Lines(data,'lines',false); var container = $("#echart")[0]; opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option); ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt); var option = ECharts.ChartOptionTemplates.Lines(data, 'lines', true); var container = $("#echart1")[0]; opt = ECharts.ChartConfig(container, option); ECharts.Charts.RenderChart(opt); } ); </script>
3.3.2展示效果
到这里,基本就把echart的抽象跟使用讲完了,因为时间的关系,还有一些图形的配置、数据处理没有列出代码,但是基本上实现都差不多。希望能给大家带来一些帮助和启发。后续会继续推出HightCharts的抽象使用,敬请期待。