Nginx + Tomcat + Ngx_cache_purge 实现高效反向代理
Nginx处理用户请求的静态页面，tomcat处理用户请求jsp页面，来实现动态分离，前端nginx反向代理后端nginx+tomcat集群，实现负载均衡，这样一来就能更好的提高并发，处理性能，并隐藏后端，提高安全
环境：
前端： Centos 192.168.0.211： nginx + Ngx_cache_purge
后端1： Centos 192.168.0.222： nginx + Tomcat
后端2： Centos 192.168.0.223：nginx + Tomcat
使用软件：
Nginx： http://nginx.org/en/download.html
JDK： http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
Tomcat： http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi
首先配置后端Tomcat：
1，JDK 配置：
[root@Tomcat ~]# tar zxf jdk-8u40-linux-i586.tar.gz [root@Tomcat ~]# mv jdk1.8.0_40/ /usr/local/jdk [root@Tomcat ~]# vi /etc/profile JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib export JAVA_HOME PATHCLASSPATH [root@Tomcat ~]# source /etc/profile [root@Tomcat ~]# java -version #显示版本说明成功 java version"1.8.0_40"
2，Tomcat 安装
先创建普通用户，用来运行tomcat，如遇权限问题，可以先关闭selinux
[root@Tomcat ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# passwd tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-8.0.21.tar.gz [root@Tomcat ~]# mv apache-tomcat-8.0.21 /usr/local/tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# chown tomcat.tomcat -R /usr/local/tomcat [root@Tomcat ~]# su - tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh [root@Tomcat ~]# echo "su - tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh" >> /etc/rc.local #开机启动
3, 安装Nginx
[root@Tomcat ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin www [root@Tomcat ~]# yum install –y make zlib-devel openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel [root@Tomcat ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.4.4.tar.gz [root@Tomcat ~]# cd nginx-1.4.4 [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# ulimit -SHn 51200 [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# make && make install [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# \cp -pa /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /etc/init.d/ [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# echo "ulimit -SHn 51200" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local [root@Tomcat nginx-1.4.4]# echo "/etc/init.d/nginx" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local #开机启动
4，主配置文件 nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 1; #跟服务器cpu一致就可以了，不要超过cpu的的内核个数，超过将会增加服务器负荷
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
server_name_in_redirect off;
client_max_body_size 10m; #允许客户端请求的最大单文件字节数
client_body_buffer_size 128k; #缓冲区代理缓冲用户端请求的最大字节数
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 60;
set_real_ip_from 192.168.0.0/24; #允许被信任ip段
real_ip_header X-Real-IP; #获取前端访问真实ip
gzip on; #开启gzip压缩
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 3;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml image/jpeg image/gif image/png;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_connect_timeout 300; #nginx跟Tomcat连接超时时间(代理连接超时)
proxy_send_timeout 300; #连接成功后，后端服务响应时间(代理发送超时)
proxy_read_timeout 300; #连接成功后，后端服务响应时间(代理接收超时)
proxy_buffer_size 4k; #设置代理服务器（nginx）保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小
proxy_buffers 6 64k; #proxy_buffers缓冲区，网页平均在64k以下的话，这样设置
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; #高负荷下缓冲大小（proxy_buffers*2）
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; #设定缓存文件夹大小
proxy_set_header Host $host; #后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
include vhost/*.conf;
}
5, 配置站点文件： tomcat.conf
[root@Tomcat conf]# mkdir vhost [root@Tomcat conf]# cd vhost/ [root@Tomcat vhost]# vi tomcat.conf
upstream tomcat_server {
server 192.168.0.222:8080;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.0.222;
root /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/; #同tomcat一致
index index.html index.jsp index.php;
location ~ .*.jsp$ {
proxy_next_upstream http_503 http_500 http_502 error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}
#这里使用的tomcat安装环境，下面是为了登入tomcat管理
location ~ /manager/ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}
location ~ /host-manager/ {
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
}
=======================
上面的配置已经可以实现Nginx + Tomcat的动静分离，另一台Tomcat也是这样配置，上面我并没有对静态文件进行Cache，这是有道理的， 我打算把静态文件在前端进行cache
1，如果后端也进行cache， 更新文件的时候，后端和前端都要进行清除cache，这样显得麻烦
2，如果后端也进行cache，必要到静态文件的location中添加proxy_pass代理tomcat，这样却达不到动静分离，不添加proxy_pass, 却不能使用purge命中清除cache，当然也可以些shell运行，手动清除
=======================
配置前端： Centos 192.168.0.211： nginx + Ngx_cache_purge
前端的nginx配置与后端差不多，主要是编译安装的时候添加cache模块，基础看后端安装，不多介绍了
1，先解压nginx 和 Ngx_cache_purge，主要不同是安装的时候添加了ngx_cache_purge模块
[root@Nginx-C opt]# tar zxf ngx_cache_purge-2.0.tar.gz [root@Nginx-C opt]# tar zxf nginx-1.4.3.tar.gz [root@Nginx-C opt]# cd nginx-1.4.3 [root@Nginx-C nginx-1.4.3]# ./configure --user=www --group=www --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-2.0 --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module [root@Nginx-C nginx-1.4.3]# make && make install
2，配置主配置文件 nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
server_name_in_redirect off;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 60;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 3;
gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].";
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml image/jpeg image/gif image/png; #添加图片压缩
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
proxy_connect_timeout 300;
proxy_send_timeout 300;
proxy_read_timeout 300;
proxy_buffer_size 64k;
proxy_buffers 4 64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; #传递真实ip给后端
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
proxy_cache_path /cache/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=30g; #100m和30G，按照服务要求，适当增大
proxy_temp_path /cache/proxy_temp;
include vhost/*.conf;
}
3, 配置站点文件
upstream tomcat_server {
server 192.168.0.222 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s; #添加ip，不是tomcat的8080端口
server 192.168.0.223 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.0.211;
index index.html index.jsp index.php;
location / {
proxy_next_upstream http_503 http_500 http_502 error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_cache cache_one;
add_header Nginx-Cache "$upstream_cache_status";
proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;
proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding "";
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;
proxy_cache_valid 301 302 1m;
proxy_cache_valid any 1m;
expires 1d;
}
#jsp,do文件不进行cache
location ~ .*\.(jsp|do)$ {
proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding ""; #只添加了一个， 其他的都添加到主配置文件了，以后添加站点不用在重复写
proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}
location ~ /purge(/.*) {
allow 127.0.0.1;
allow 192.168.0.0/24;
deny all;
proxy_cache_purge cache_one $host$1$is_args$args;
}
location /ngx_status
{
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow 127.0.0.1;
allow 192.168.0.0/24; #自己的ip地址
deny all;
}
}
最后是性能测试
这里使用的是ab压力测试工具，后面会介绍如何单独安装ab测试工具
1，前端
[root@Tomcat ~]# ab -c 1000 -n 4000 http://192.168.0.211/docs/security-howto.html ==== Requests per second: 3304.24 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 302.642 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.303 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 110426.03 [Kbytes/sec] received
2，直接测试后端
[root@Nginx-C vhost]# ab -c 1000 -n 4000 http://192.168.0.222/docs/security-howto.html ==== Requests per second: 3416.84 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 292.668 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.293 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 114681.80 [Kbytes/sec] received
3，直接测试tomcat
[root@Nginx-C vhost]# ab -c 1000 -n 4000 http://192.168.0.222:8080/docs/security-howto.html ==== Requests per second: 1995.18 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 501.209 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.501 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 66449.32 [Kbytes/sec] received
前端的压力测试比nginx+tomcat动静分离要小点，但是实现了负载， 明显要比tomcat单独处理要强很多