Linux查找所有正在运行的守护进程(daemon)

ps -eo ppid,pid,sid,stat,tty,comm  | awk '{ if ($2 == $3 && $5 == "?") {print $0}; }'


首先,要注意,守护进程(daemon)和后台进程(background process)有区别。

守护进程是一种后台进程,但是,同时,它必须具备以下特性:

1. 没有控制它的tty

2. 必须是一个session leader

3. 必须是一个进程组的leader

4. 执行后台任务

5. root目录即为工作目录

6. umask设置为0

7. 文件描述符(file descriptor)都必须先关闭,然后再关联相应文件(或者设备),如果有需要的话。

Wiki原文摘录如下:

On a Unix-like system, the common method for a process to become a daemon, when the process is started from the command line or from a startup script such as an init script or a SystemStarter script, involves:

  • Dissociating from the controlling tty

  • Becoming a session leader

  • Becoming a process group leader

  • Executing as a background task by forking and exiting (once or twice). This is required sometimes for the process to become a session leader. It also allows the parent process to continue its normal execution.

  • Setting the root directory (/) as the current working directory so that the process does not keep any directory in use that may be on a mounted file system (allowing it to be unmounted).

  • Changing the umask to 0 to allow open(), creat(), et al. operating system calls to provide their own permission masks and not to depend on the umask of the caller

  • Closing all inherited files at the time of execution that are left open by the parent process, including file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 for the standard streams (stdin, stdout and stderr). Required files will be opened later.

  • Using a logfile, the console, or /dev/null as stdin, stdout, and stderr

实际上,当我们查找守护进程的时候,没有必要用到以上那么多的标准,我们只需要用两条:

1. 没有控制终端

2. session leader

所以我们可以用文中最开始提到的命令来查找:

ps -eo ppid,pid,sid,stat,tty,comm  | awk '{ if ($2 == $3 && $5 == "?") {print $0}; }'


E.g


chenqi@pek-qchen1-d1:~/test [1] $ ps -eo ppid,pid,sid,stat,tty,comm  | awk '{ if ($2 == $3 && $5 == "?") {print $0}; }'
    0     1     1 Ss   ?        init
    1   401   401 Ss   ?        systemd-udevd
    1   435   435 Ssl  ?        rsyslogd
    1   446   446 Ss   ?        dbus-daemon
    1   520   520 Ss   ?        rpc.idmapd
    1   530   530 Ss   ?        systemd-logind
    1   575   575 Ss   ?        bluetoothd
    1   750   750 Ss   ?        smbd
    1   762   762 Ss   ?        rpcbind
    1   779   779 Ss   ?        rpc.statd
    1   829   829 Ssl  ?        ModemManager
    1   950   950 Ssl  ?        NetworkManager
    1   993   993 Ss   ?        cups-browsed
    1  1424  1424 Ss   ?        nmbd
    1  1550  1550 Ss   ?        acpid
    1  1559  1559 Ss   ?        cron
    1  1560  1560 Ss   ?        atd
    1  1565  1565 Ss   ?        sshd
    1  1612  1612 Ssl  ?        automount
    1  1622  1622 Ssl  ?        named
    1  1627  1627 Ssl  ?        whoopsie
    1  1664  1664 Ss   ?        gdomap
    1  1670  1670 Ss   ?        kerneloops
    1  1721  1721 Ss   ?        rpc.mountd
    1  1829  1829 Ss   ?        master
    1  1998  1998 Ss   ?        apache2
    1  2016  2016 SLsl ?        lightdm
 2561  2588  2588 Ss   ?        init
 2588  2653  2653 Ss   ?        dbus-daemon
 2588  2656  2656 Ss   ?        ssh-agent
 2588  2663  2663 Ss   ?        upstart-event-b
 2588  2667  2667 Ss   ?        window-stack-br
 2588  2668  2668 Ssl  ?        ibus-daemon
 2588  2681  2681 Ssl  ?        unity-settings-
 2588  2686  2686 Ssl  ?        hud-service
 2588  2687  2687 Ssl  ?        at-spi-bus-laun
 2588  2688  2688 Ssl  ?        gnome-session
 2588  2693  2693 Ssl  ?        unity-panel-ser
 2588  2786  2786 Ssl  ?        indicator-messa
 2588  2789  2789 Ssl  ?        indicator-bluet
 2588  2792  2792 Ssl  ?        indicator-power
 2588  2799  2799 Ssl  ?        indicator-datet
 2588  2800  2800 Ssl  ?        indicator-sound
 2588  2803  2803 Ssl  ?        indicator-print
 2588  2866  2866 Ssl  ?        indicator-sessi
 2588  2879  2879 Ssl  ?        indicator-appli
    1 24409 24409 Ss   ?        cupsd

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