java解析xml四种方法

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   JAVA解析XML的四种方法比较 利用java.util.properties读/存properties资源文件及XML文档 用SAX的代码生成器降低SAX解析器的繁琐 What XML software can I use today? Do I have to change any of my server software to.. Can I still use server-side inclusions? 利用XSLT 实现更好的灵活性和方便 Do I have to switch from SGML or HTML to XML? How can I make my existing HTML files work in XML? I keep hearing about alternatives to DTDs. Wh .... JAVA解析XML的四种方法比较 时间：2009-09-24 13:16    来源：未知    作者：a9529lty
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核心提示：JAVA解析XML的四种方法比较 XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(
JAVA解析XML的四种方法比较

        XML现在已经成为一种通用的数据交换格式,它的平台无关性,语言无关性,系统无关性,给数据集成与交互带来了极大的方便。对于XML本身的语法知识与技术细节,需要阅读相关的技术文献,这里面包括的内容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),

        XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX，另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:

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<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?> <employees>       
<employee>        
<name>ddviplinux</name>       
<sex>m</sex>     
<age>30</age>     
</employee>     
</employees>     
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″?> <employees>    
<employee>     
<name>ddviplinux</name>    
<sex>m</sex>  
<age>30</age>  
</employee>  
</employees>   

本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。

首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。

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package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;      
/**    
 *     
 * @author hongliang.dinghl    
 * 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口    
 */     
public interface XmlDocument {      
/**    
 * 建立XML文档    
 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称    
 */     
public void createXml(String fileName);      
/**    
 * 解析XML文档    
 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称    
 */     
public void parserXml(String fileName);      
}     

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
/**  
 *   
 * @author hongliang.dinghl  
 * 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口  
 */  
public interface XmlDocument {   
/**  
 * 建立XML文档  
 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称  
 */  
public void createXml(String fileName);   
/**  
 * 解析XML文档  
 * @param fileName 文件全路径名称  
 */  
public void parserXml(String fileName);   
}   

 

 

1. DOM生成和解析XML文档

        为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档，然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构，然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点：整个文档树在内存中，便于操作；支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能；缺点：将整个文档调入内存（包括无用的节点），浪费时间和空间；使用场合：一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据；硬件资源充足（内存、CPU）。

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package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;      
import java.io.FileInputStream;      
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;      
import java.io.FileOutputStream;      
import java.io.IOException;      
import java.io.InputStream;      
import java.io.PrintWriter;      
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;      
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;      
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;      
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;      
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;      
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;      
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;      
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;      
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;      
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;      
import org.w3c.dom.Document;      
import org.w3c.dom.Element;      
import org.w3c.dom.Node;      
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;      
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;      
/**    
 *     
 * @author hongliang.dinghl    
 * DOM生成与解析XML文档    
 */     
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {      
          
    private Document document;      
       
    private String fileName;      
       
    public void init() {      
       try {      
           DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory      
                  .newInstance();      
           DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();      
           this.document = builder.newDocument();      
       } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {      
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       }      
    }      
       
    public void createXml(String fileName) {      
       
       Element root = this.document.createElement(“employees”);      
       this.document.appendChild(root);      
       Element employee = this.document.createElement(“employee”);      
       Element name = this.document.createElement(“name”);      
       name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“丁宏亮“));      
       employee.appendChild(name);      
       Element sex = this.document.createElement(“sex”);      
       sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“m”));      
       employee.appendChild(sex);      
       Element age = this.document.createElement(“age”);      
       age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode(“30″));      
       employee.appendChild(age);      
       root.appendChild(employee);      
       
       TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();      
       try {      
           Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();      
           DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);      
           transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, “gb2312″);      
           transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, “yes”);      
           PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));      
           StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);      
           transformer.transform(source, result);      
           System.out.println(“生成XML文件成功!”);      
       } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {      
       
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {      
       
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {      
       
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       } catch (TransformerException e) {      
       
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       }      
       
    }      
       
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {      
       try {      
           DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();      
           DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();      
           Document document = db.parse(fileName);      
           NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();      
           for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {      
              Node employee = employees.item(i);      
              NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();      
              for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {      
                  Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);      
                  NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();      
                  for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {      
                     System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()      
                            + “:” + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());      
                  }      
              }      
           }      
           System.out.println(“解析完毕“);      
       } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {      
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {      
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       } catch (SAXException e) {      
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       } catch (IOException e) {      
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       }      
     }      
}     

    

2. SAX生成和解析XML文档

        为解决DOM的问题，出现了SAX。SAX ，事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时，发送事件，程序员编写响应这些事件的代码，保存数据。优点：不用事先调入整个文档，占用资源少；SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小，适于Applet，下载。缺点：不是持久的；事件过后，若没保存数据，那么数据就丢了；无状态性；从事件中只能得到文本，但不知该文本属于哪个元素；使用场合：Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容，很少回头访问；机器内存少；

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package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;      
import java.io.FileInputStream;      
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;      
import java.io.IOException;      
import java.io.InputStream;      
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;      
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;      
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;      
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;      
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;      
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;      
/**    
 *     
 * @author hongliang.dinghl    
 * SAX文档解析    
 */     
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {      
       
    public void createXml(String fileName) {      
        System.out.println(“<<”+filename+“>>”);      
    }      
       
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {      
       SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();      
       
       try {      
       
           SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();      
       
           InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);      
       
           saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());      
       
       } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {      
       
           e.printStackTrace();      
       
       } catch (SAXException e) {      
       
           e.printStackTrace();      
       
       } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {      
       
           e.printStackTrace();      
       
       } catch (IOException e) {      
       
           e.printStackTrace();      
       
       }      
       
    }      
       
}      
       
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {      
       
    boolean hasAttribute = false;      
       
    Attributes attributes = null;      
       
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {      
       
       System.out.println(“文档开始打印了“);      
       
    }      
       
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {      
       
       System.out.println(“文档打印结束了“);      
       
    }      
       
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,      
       
    Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {      
       
       if (qName.equals(“employees”)) {      
       
           return;      
       
       }      
       
       if (qName.equals(“employee”)) {      
       
           System.out.println(qName);      
       
       }      
       
       if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {      
       
           this.attributes = attributes;      
       
           this.hasAttribute = true;      
       
       }      
       
    }      
       
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)      
       
    throws SAXException {      
       
       if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {      
       
           for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {      
       
              System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)      
                     + attributes.getValue(0));      
       
           }      
       
       }      
       
    }      
       
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)      
       
    throws SAXException {      
       
       System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));      
       
    }      
       
}     

       

        3. DOM4J生成和解析XML文档

         DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的Java XML API，具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点，同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML，特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。

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package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;      
import java.io.File;      
import java.io.FileWriter;      
import java.io.IOException;      
import java.io.Writer;      
import java.util.Iterator;      
import org.dom4j.Document;      
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;      
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;      
import org.dom4j.Element;      
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;      
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;      
/**    
 *     
 * @author hongliang.dinghl    
 * Dom4j 生成XML文档与解析XML文档    
 */     
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {      
       
    public void createXml(String fileName) {      
       Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();      
       Element employees=document.addElement(“employees”);      
       Element employee=employees.addElement(“employee”);      
       Element name= employee.addElement(“name”);      
       name.setText(“ddvip”);      
       Element sex=employee.addElement(“sex”);      
       sex.setText(“m”);      
       Element age=employee.addElement(“age”);      
       age.setText(“29″);      
       try {      
           Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);      
           XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);      
           xmlWriter.write(document);      
           xmlWriter.close();      
       } catch (IOException e) {      
                 
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       }      
             
             
    }      
       
       
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {      
        File inputXml=new File(fileName);      
        SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();      
        try {      
           Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);      
           Element employees=document.getRootElement();      
           for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){      
               Element employee = (Element) i.next();      
               for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){      
                   Element node=(Element) j.next();      
                   System.out.println(node.getName()+“:”+node.getText());      
               }      
       
           }      
       } catch (DocumentException e) {      
           System.out.println(e.getMessage());      
       }      
     System.out.println(“dom4j parserXml”);      
    }      
       
       
}     

 

       

        4. JDOM生成和解析XML

        为减少DOM、SAX的编码量，出现了JDOM；优点：20-80原则，极大减少了代码量。使用场合：要实现的功能简单，如解析、创建等，但在底层，JDOM还是使用SAX（最常用）、DOM、Xanan文档。

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package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;      
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;      
import java.io.FileOutputStream;      
import java.io.IOException;      
import java.util.List;      
import org.jdom.Document;      
import org.jdom.Element;      
import org.jdom.JDOMException;      
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;      
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;      
/**    
 *     
 * @author hongliang.dinghl    
 * JDOM 生成与解析XML文档    
 *     
 */     
public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {      
       
    public void createXml(String fileName) {      
      Document document;      
      Element  root;      
      root=new Element(“employees”);      
      document=new Document(root);      
      Element employee=new Element(“employee”);      
      root.addContent(employee);      
      Element name=new Element(“name”);      
      name.setText(“ddvip”);      
      employee.addContent(name);      
      Element sex=new Element(“sex”);      
      sex.setText(“m”);      
      employee.addContent(sex);      
      Element age=new Element(“age”);      
      age.setText(“23″);      
      employee.addContent(age);      
      XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();      
      try {      
       XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));      
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {      
       e.printStackTrace();      
    } catch (IOException e) {      
       e.printStackTrace();      
    }      
       
    }      
       
    public void parserXml(String fileName) {      
       SAXBuilder builder=new SAXBuilder(false);       
       try {      
           Document document=builder.build(fileName);      
           Element employees=document.getRootElement();       
           List employeeList=employees.getChildren(“employee”);      
           for(int i=0;i<employeeList.size();i++){      
              Element employee=(Element)employeeList.get(i);      
              List employeeInfo=employee.getChildren();      
              for(int j=0;j<employeeInfo.size();j++){      
              System.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+“:”+((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());      
                        
              }      
           }      
       } catch (JDOMException e) {      
             
           e.printStackTrace();      
       } catch (IOException e) {      
             
           e.printStackTrace();      
       }       
       
    }      
}