早就听说requests的库的强大,只是还没有接触,今天接触了一下,发现以前使用urllib,urllib2等方法真是太搓了……
这里写些简单的使用初步作为一个记录
一、安装
二、发送无参数的get请求
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>>> r = requests.get( 'http://httpbin.org/get' ) |
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"Accept-Encoding" : "gzip, deflate" , |
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"Connection" : "close" , |
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"Host" : "httpbin.org" , |
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"User-Agent" : "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Windows/7" , |
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"X-Request-Id" : "8a28bbea-55cd-460b-bda3-f3427d66b700" |
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"origin" : "124.192.129.84" , |
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"url" : "http://httpbin.org/get" |
三、发送带参数的get请求,将key与value放入一个字典中,通过params参数来传递,其作用相当于urllib.urlencode
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>>> pqyload = { 'q' : '杨彦星' } |
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>>> r = requests.get( 'http://www.so.com/s' ,params = pqyload) |
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u 'http://www.so.com/s?q=%E6%9D%A8%E5%BD%A6%E6%98%9F' |
四、发送post请求,通过data参数来传递,
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>>> payload = { 'a' : '杨' , 'b' : 'hello' } |
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>>> r = requests.post( "http://httpbin.org/post" , data = payload) |
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"Accept-Encoding" : "gzip, deflate" , |
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"Connection" : "close" , |
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"Content-Length" : "19" , |
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"Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" , |
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"Host" : "httpbin.org" , |
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"User-Agent" : "python-requests/2.3.0 CPython/2.6.6 Windows/7" , |
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"X-Request-Id" : "c81cb937-04b8-4a2d-ba32-04b5c0b3ba98" |
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"origin" : "124.192.129.84" , |
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"url" : "http://httpbin.org/post" |
可以看到,post参数已经传到了form里,data不光可以接受字典类型的数据,还可以接受json等格式
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>>> payload = { 'a' : '杨' , 'b' : 'hello' } |
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>>> r = requests.post( 'http://httpbin.org/post' , data = json.dumps(payload)) |
五、发送文件的post类型,这个相当于向网站上传一张图片,文档等操作,这时要使用files参数
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>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/post' |
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>>> files = { 'file' : open ( 'touxiang.png' , 'rb' )} |
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>>> r = requests.post(url, files = files) |
5.1 定制headers,使用headers参数来传递
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>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' |
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>>> payload = { 'some' : 'data' } |
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>>> headers = { 'content-type' : 'application/json' } |
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>>> r = requests.post(url, data = json.dumps(payload), headers = headers) |
六、响应内容
6.1 响应状态码
r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
print r.status_code
6.2 响应头
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{ 'content-length' : '519' , 'server' : 'gunicorn/18.0' , 'connection' : 'keep-alive' , 'date' : 'Sun, 15 Jun 2014 14:19:52 GMT' , 'access-control-allow-origin' : '*' , 'content-type' : 'application/json' } |
也可以取到这个个别的响应头用来做一些判断,这里的参数是不区分大小写的
r.headers[‘Content-Type’]
r.headers.get(‘Content-Type’)
6.3 响应内容,前面已经在应用了
r.text
r.content
七、获取响应中的cookies
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>>> r = requests.get( 'http://www.baidu.com' ) |
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>>> r.cookies[ 'BAIDUID' ] |
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'D5810267346AEFB0F25CB0D6D0E043E6:FG=1' |
也可以自已定义请求的COOKIES
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>>> url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies' |
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>>> cookies = { 'cookies_are' : 'working' } |
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>>> r = requests.get(url,cookies = cookies) |
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"cookies_are" : "working" |
cookies还有很多,因为目前我也还不是很多,以后再扩充吧
八、使用timeout参数设置超时时间
>>> requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=1)
<Response [200]>
如果将时间设置成非常小的数,如requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001),那么如果在timeout的时间内没有连接,那么将会抛出一个Timeout的异常
九、访问中使用session
先初始化一个session对象,s = requests.Session()
然后使用这个session对象来进行访问,r = s.post(url,data = user)
参考文章 http://blog.csdn.net/iloveyin/article/details/21444613 基本上都是从这扒的代码
以下通过访问人人网来获取首页中的最近来访问,然后再访问查看更多的来访来读取更多的最近来访
20151029更新,和美女刘巍进行讨论,由于很久没有登录人人网,它的登录页面与获得最近来访的页面都有所变动,登录时的url是http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login 获取最近来访是http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe
更多的来访就是以带session的访问http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe
view source
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url = r 'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login' |
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user = { 'email' : 'email' , 'password' : 'pass' } |
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s = requests.Session() |
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r = s.post(url,data = user) |
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first = re. compile (r '</span><span class="time-tip first-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>' ) |
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second = re. compile (r '</span><span class="time-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>' ) |
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third = re. compile (r '</span><span class="time-tip last-second-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>' ) |
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last = re. compile (r '</span><span class="time-tip last-tip"><span class="tip-content">(.*?)</span>' ) |
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visit.extend(first.findall(html)) |
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visit.extend(second.findall(html)) |
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visit.extend(third.findall(html)) |
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visit.extend(last.findall(html)) |
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vm = s.get( 'http://www.renren.com/myfoot/whoSeenMe' ) |
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fm = re. compile (r '"name":"(.*?)"' ) |
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visitmore = fm.findall(vm.text) |