月考勤报表的TSQL查询

最近考勤模块中需要添加如下图的报表：

 

我们原先的数据库是设计经过各种简化后如下图所示（不考虑批准天数、销假和请假类型等情况）：

下面的SQL语句可以创建如上图的数据表，并填充一下测试数据：

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
    
     1 
    
    
    
    --
    
    
    
    用户请假表
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
     2 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    IF
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    OBJECT_ID
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    LeaveDays
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    IS
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    NOT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    NULL
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
     3 
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    DROP
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    TABLE
    
    
    
     LeaveDays 
    
    
    
     4 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    GO
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
     5 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    CREATE
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    TABLE
    
    
    
     LeaveDays ( 
    
    
    
     6 
    
    
    
     UserCode 
    
    
    
    varchar
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    8
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    NOT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    NULL
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    --
    
    
    
     用户编号 
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
     7 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     BeginDate 
    
    
    
    datetime
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    NOT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    NULL
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    --
    
    
    
     请假开始时期 
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
     8 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     Days 
    
    
    
    int
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    DEFAULT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    1
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    NOT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    NULL
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    --
    
    
    
     请假天数 
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
     9 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    10 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    GO
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    11 
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    12 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    --
    
    
    
    添加测试数据
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    13 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    A
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-05
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    2
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    14 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    A
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-13
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    1
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    15 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    A
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-26
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    3
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    16 
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    17 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    B
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-01
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    1
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    18 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    B
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-7
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    3
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    19 
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    20 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    C
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-10
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    4
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    21 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    C
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-18
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    3
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    22 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    INSERT
    
    
    
     
    
    
    
    INTO
    
    
    
     LeaveDays (UserCode, BeginDate, Days) 
    
    
    
    VALUES
    
    
    
    (
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    C
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    2013-08-24
    
    
    
    '
    
    
    
    , 
    
    
    
    3
    
    
    
    ) 
    
    
    
    23 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    GO
   
   
   
   

现在数据库中的数据如下图所示：

上图对与我们最终要构造的报表帮助不大，我们首先要查询出来用户在指定日期是否请假，而不是请假的开始日期和请假天数，如下图所示：

要构造上图的查询需要用到数字辅助表（即自增的一个序列），关于数字辅助表的概念可阅读经典书籍《SQL 2005技术内幕：T-SQL查询》，生成数字辅助表的TSQL语句如下：

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
      1 
     
     
     
     --
     
     
     
     数字辅助表
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      2 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     IF
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     OBJECT_ID
     
     
     
     (
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
     dbo.Nums
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
     IS
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     NOT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     NULL
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      3 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     DROP
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     TABLE
     
     
     
      dbo.Nums; 
     
     
     
      4 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     GO
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      5 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     CREATE
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     TABLE
     
     
     
      dbo.Nums(n 
     
     
     
     INT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     NOT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     NULL
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     PRIMARY
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     KEY
     
     
     
     ); 
     
     
     
      6 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     DECLARE
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @max
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     INT
     
     
     
     , 
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     INT
     
     
     
     ; 
     
     
     
      7 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     SET
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @max
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     =
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     10000
     
     
     
     ; 
     
     
     
      8 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     SET
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     =
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
     ; 
     
     
     
      9 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     10 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     INSERT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     INTO
     
     
     
      Nums 
     
     
     
     VALUES
     
     
     
     (
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
     ); 
     
     
     
     11 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     WHILE
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     *
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     2
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     <=
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @max
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     12 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     BEGIN
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     13 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     INSERT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     INTO
     
     
     
      dbo.Nums 
     
     
     
     SELECT
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     FROM
     
     
     
      dbo.Nums; 
     
     
     
     14 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     SET
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     =
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     *
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     2
     
     
     
     ; 
     
     
     
     15 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     END
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     16 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     17 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     INSERT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     INTO
     
     
     
      dbo.Nums 
     
     
     
     18 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     SELECT
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     FROM
     
     
     
      dbo.Nums 
     
     
     
     WHERE
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @rc
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     <=
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     @max
     
     
     
     ; 
     
     
     
     19 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     GO
    
    
    
    

然后利用数字辅助表可进行上图的查询：

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
      1 
     
     
     
     WITH
     
     
     
      cte_LeaveDays 
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      2 
     
     
     
     ( 
     
     
     
      3 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     SELECT
     
     
     
      BeginDate, BeginDate 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      Days 
     
     
     
     -
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      EndDate,UserCode 
     
     
     
      4 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     FROM
     
     
     
      LeaveDays 
     
     
     
      5 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     WHERE
     
     
     
      BeginDate 
     
     
     
     >=
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
     2013-08-01
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     AND
     
     
     
      BeginDate 
     
     
     
     <
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
     2013-09-01
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      6 
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
      7 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     SELECT
     
     
     
      BeginDate 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     -
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      LeaveDay, UserCode 
     
     
     
     FROM
     
     
     
      cte_LeaveDays 
     
     
     
      8 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     JOIN
     
     
     
      Nums 
     
     
     
     ON
     
     
     
      BeginDate 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     -
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     <=
     
     
     
      EndDate 
     
     
     
      9 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     WHERE
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     <=
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     31
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     10 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     ORDER
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     BY
     
     
     
      UserCode, LeaveDay 
     
     
     
     11 
     
     
     
     
    
    
    
    

最后需要使用PIVOT关键字进行转列，即可生成最终报表：

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
      1 
     
     
     
     WITH
     
     
     
      cte_LeaveDays 
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      2 
     
     
     
     ( 
     
     
     
      3 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     SELECT
     
     
     
      BeginDate, BeginDate 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      Days 
     
     
     
     -
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      EndDate,UserCode 
     
     
     
      4 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     FROM
     
     
     
      LeaveDays 
     
     
     
      5 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     WHERE
     
     
     
      BeginDate 
     
     
     
     >=
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
     2013-08-01
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     AND
     
     
     
      BeginDate 
     
     
     
     <
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
     2013-09-01
     
     
     
     '
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      6 
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
      7 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     SELECT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     *
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     FROM
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
      8 
     
     
     
     ( 
     
     
     
      9 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     SELECT
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     DAY
     
     
     
     (BeginDate 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     -
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     Day
     
     
     
     , UserCode 
     
     
     
     FROM
     
     
     
      cte_LeaveDays 
     
     
     
     10 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     JOIN
     
     
     
      Nums 
     
     
     
     ON
     
     
     
      BeginDate 
     
     
     
     +
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     -
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     <=
     
     
     
      EndDate 
     
     
     
     11 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     WHERE
     
     
     
      n 
     
     
     
     <=
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     31
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     12 
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      T 
     
     
     
     13 
     
     
     
     PIVOT 
     
     
     
     14 
     
     
     
     ( 
     
     
     
     15 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     COUNT
     
     
     
     (
     
     
     
     Day
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
     FOR
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     day
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     IN
     
     
     
     ( 
     
     
     
     16 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     1
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     2
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     3
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     4
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     5
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     6
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     7
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     8
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     9
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     10
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     , 
     
     
     
     17 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     11
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     12
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     13
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     14
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     15
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     16
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     17
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     18
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     19
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     20
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     , 
     
     
     
     18 
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     21
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     22
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     23
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     24
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     25
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     26
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     27
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     28
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     29
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     30
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ,
     
     
     
     [
     
     
     
     31
     
     
     
     ]
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
     19 
     
     
     
     ) 
     
     
     
     AS
     
     
     
      PVT 
     
     
     
     20 
     
     
     
     
    
    
    
    

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