如何添加硬盘和分区

装了一个Linux系统，之前就分配了5G，原本只是实验以及测试用，不想越用越大，现在空间不足，准备再给它加一块2G的盘进去，以解燃眉之急
空间不足

[root@Alicia ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       4443816   4337616         0 100% /
/dev/sda1               101086     12075     83792  13% /boot
tmpfs                   127772         0    127772   0% /dev/shm

看哪里可以删

[root@Alicia ~]# du -h --max-depth=1 /  
280K    /home
6.3M    /boot
20K     /data
78M     /lib
124M    /etc
0       /proc
8.0K    /srv
8.0K    /mnt
151M    /var
29M     /sbin
0       /net
0       /misc
7.2M    /bin
0       /sys
8.0K    /opt
132K    /dev
4.0K    /uploadFile
342M    /root
140K    /tmp
8.0K    /media
3.7G    /usr
12K     /headImg
8.0K    /selinux
16K     /lost+found
4.4G    /

查看硬盘

[root@Alicia ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14         652     5132767+  8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table             sdb盘没用到

[root@Alicia ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb                                   对sdb盘进行操作
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): p                                            查看sdb盘分区情况

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p                                                                    分一个主盘
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1): 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261): 
Using default value 261

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         261     2096451   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w                                             写进文件
The partition table has been altered!

格式化

[root@Alicia ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
262144 inodes, 524112 blocks
26205 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

挂载

[root@Alicia ~]# mkdir /data 
[root@Alicia ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data
[root@Alicia ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                      4.3G  4.2G     0 100% /
/dev/sda1              99M   12M   82M  13% /boot
tmpfs                 125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1             2.0G   36M  1.9G   2% /data
[root@Alicia ~]# reboot

自动挂载

[root@Alicia ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1

[root@Alicia ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 data
[root@Alicia ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 
data
[root@Alicia ~]# vi /etc/fstab 
  1 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /                       ext3    default
    s        1 1
  2 LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults
            1 2
  3 tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults
            0 0
  4 devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mo
    de=620  0 0
  5 sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults
            0 0
  6 proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults
            0 0
  7 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap                    swap    default
    s        0 0
  8 LABEL=data             /data                     ext3   defaults
     1 1 
[root@Alicia ~]# mount -a
[root@Alicia ~]# df 
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                       4443816   4337720         0 100% /
/dev/sda1               101086     12075     83792  13% /boot
tmpfs                   127772         0    127772   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1              2063504     35880   1922804   2% /data
[root@Alicia ~]# reboot

至此系统会自动挂载sdb1到/data目录下