Hibernate 无主键表(复合主键)映射

1. 为什么要有复合主键映射

在现实中我们可能会遇到许多表可能是没有主键的，那么我们对其做映射后使用会是什么样的结果？能正常得到我们想要的吗？结果应该是得不到想要的结果，而得到的可能会是如下的报错：

Caused by:org.hibernate.AnnotationException: No identifier specified for entity: xxx.xxx.xxx

这个结果告诉我们：Hibernate映射表是需要主键的。

所以复合主键映射就应运而生了。

2. 注意点

复合主键使用一个可嵌入的类作为主键表示,因此你需要使用@Id和@Embeddable两个注解.还有一种方式是使用@EmbeddedId注解.当然还有一种方法那就是——使用@IdClass注解。具体请查看【hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA 2.2.6.映射复合主键与外键】。

当然，只需要选择其中的一种就可以了。^_^

注意所依赖的类必须实现 serializable以及实现equals()/hashCode()方法.

举一个具体事例：

2.1. User.java

<span style="font-size: 12px;">package com.sourcefour.bean;
// default package

import javax.persistence.AttributeOverride;
import javax.persistence.AttributeOverrides;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Table;


/**
 * User entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
 */
@Entity
@Table (name="t_user_composite_pk"
)

public class User implements java.io.Serializable {


 // Fields

 private UserId id;


 // Constructors

 /** default constructor */
 public User() {
 }


 /** full constructor */
 public User(UserId id) {
 this.id = id;
 }


 // Property accessors
 @EmbeddedId

 @AttributeOverrides( {
 @AttributeOverride(name="intId", column=@Column (name="intId", nullable=false) ),
 @AttributeOverride(name="varcName", column=@Column (name="varcName", length=50) ),
 @AttributeOverride(name="varcAddress", column=@Column (name="varcAddress", length=50) ),
 @AttributeOverride(name="intAge", column=@Column (name="intAge", nullable=false) ) } )

 public UserId getId() {
 return this.id;
 }

 public void setId(UserId id) {
 this.id = id;
 }
}
</span>

package com.sourcefour.bean;
// default package

import javax.persistence.AttributeOverride;
import javax.persistence.AttributeOverrides;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Table;


/**
 * User entity. @author  MyEclipse Persistence Tools
 */
@Entity
@Table(name="t_user_composite_pk"
)

public class User  implements java.io.Serializable {


    // Fields    

     private UserId id;


    // Constructors

    /** default constructor */
    public User() {
    }

    
    /** full constructor */
    public User(UserId id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

   
    // Property accessors
    @EmbeddedId
    
    @AttributeOverrides( {
        @AttributeOverride(name="intId", column=@Column(name="intId", nullable=false) ), 
        @AttributeOverride(name="varcName", column=@Column(name="varcName", length=50) ), 
        @AttributeOverride(name="varcAddress", column=@Column(name="varcAddress", length=50) ), 
        @AttributeOverride(name="intAge", column=@Column(name="intAge", nullable=false) ) } )

    public UserId getId() {
        return this.id;
    }
    
    public void setId(UserId id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

2.2. UserId.java

<span style="font-size: 12px;">package com.sourcefour.bean;

// default package

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Embeddable;

/**
 * UserId entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
 */
@Embeddable
public class UserId implements java.io.Serializable {

 // Fields

 private int intId;
 private String varcName;
 private String varcAddress;
 private int intAge;

 // Constructors

 /** default constructor */
 public UserId() {
 }

 /** minimal constructor */
 public UserId(int intId, int intAge) {
 this.intId = intId;
 this.intAge = intAge;
 }

 /** full constructor */
 public UserId(int intId, String varcName, String varcAddress, int intAge) {
 this.intId = intId;
 this.varcName = varcName;
 this.varcAddress = varcAddress;
 this.intAge = intAge;
 }

 // Property accessors

 @Column (name = "intId", nullable = false)
 public int getIntId() {
 return this.intId;
 }

 public void setIntId(int intId) {
 this.intId = intId;
 }

 @Column (name = "varcName", length = 50)
 public String getVarcName() {
 return this.varcName;
 }

 public void setVarcName(String varcName) {
 this.varcName = varcName;
 }

 @Column (name = "varcAddress", length = 50)
 public String getVarcAddress() {
 return this.varcAddress;
 }

 public void setVarcAddress(String varcAddress) {
 this.varcAddress = varcAddress;
 }

 @Column (name = "intAge", nullable = false)
 public int getIntAge() {
 return this.intAge;
 }

 public void setIntAge(int intAge) {
 this.intAge = intAge;
 }

 public boolean equals(Object other) {
 if ((this == other))
 return true;
 if ((other == null))
 return false;
 if (!(other instanceof UserId))
 return false;
 UserId castOther = (UserId) other;

 return (this.getIntId() == castOther.getIntId())
 && ((this.getVarcName() == castOther.getVarcName()) || (this.getVarcName() != null
 && castOther.getVarcName() != null && this.getVarcName().equals(castOther.getVarcName())))
 && ((this.getVarcAddress() == castOther.getVarcAddress()) || (this.getVarcAddress() != null
 && castOther.getVarcAddress() != null && this.getVarcAddress().equals(
 castOther.getVarcAddress()))) && (this.getIntAge() == castOther.getIntAge());
 }

 public int hashCode() {
 int result = 17;

 result = 37 * result + this.getIntId();
 result = 37 * result + (getVarcName() == null ? 0 : this.getVarcName().hashCode());
 result = 37 * result + (getVarcAddress() == null ? 0 : this.getVarcAddress().hashCode());
 result = 37 * result + this.getIntAge();
 return result;
 }

}</span>

package com.sourcefour.bean;

// default package

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Embeddable;

/**
 * UserId entity. @author  MyEclipse Persistence Tools
 */
@Embeddable
public class UserId implements java.io.Serializable {

	// Fields

	private int intId;
	private String varcName;
	private String varcAddress;
	private int intAge;

	// Constructors

	/** default constructor */
	public UserId() {
	}

	/** minimal constructor */
	public UserId(int intId, int intAge) {
		this.intId = intId;
		this.intAge = intAge;
	}

	/** full constructor */
	public UserId(int intId, String varcName, String varcAddress, int intAge) {
		this.intId = intId;
		this.varcName = varcName;
		this.varcAddress = varcAddress;
		this.intAge = intAge;
	}

	// Property accessors

	@Column(name = "intId", nullable = false)
	public int getIntId() {
		return this.intId;
	}

	public void setIntId(int intId) {
		this.intId = intId;
	}

	@Column(name = "varcName", length = 50)
	public String getVarcName() {
		return this.varcName;
	}

	public void setVarcName(String varcName) {
		this.varcName = varcName;
	}

	@Column(name = "varcAddress", length = 50)
	public String getVarcAddress() {
		return this.varcAddress;
	}

	public void setVarcAddress(String varcAddress) {
		this.varcAddress = varcAddress;
	}

	@Column(name = "intAge", nullable = false)
	public int getIntAge() {
		return this.intAge;
	}

	public void setIntAge(int intAge) {
		this.intAge = intAge;
	}

	public boolean equals(Object other) {
		if ((this == other))
			return true;
		if ((other == null))
			return false;
		if (!(other instanceof UserId))
			return false;
		UserId castOther = (UserId) other;

		return (this.getIntId() == castOther.getIntId())
				&& ((this.getVarcName() == castOther.getVarcName()) || (this.getVarcName() != null
						&& castOther.getVarcName() != null && this.getVarcName().equals(castOther.getVarcName())))
				&& ((this.getVarcAddress() == castOther.getVarcAddress()) || (this.getVarcAddress() != null
						&& castOther.getVarcAddress() != null && this.getVarcAddress().equals(
						castOther.getVarcAddress()))) && (this.getIntAge() == castOther.getIntAge());
	}

	public int hashCode() {
		int result = 17;

		result = 37 * result + this.getIntId();
		result = 37 * result + (getVarcName() == null ? 0 : this.getVarcName().hashCode());
		result = 37 * result + (getVarcAddress() == null ? 0 : this.getVarcAddress().hashCode());
		result = 37 * result + this.getIntAge();
		return result;
	}

}

3. 可能还会出现的问题

具体来说问题就是查询出来的结果列表为‘null’（这一点我这次在我机器上测试时没有出现）。
如果出现了该问题，那么看到这一点就应该能解决问题啦，如果不出现那就更好，呵呵！
但是个人觉得这一点应该还是得说的。^_^
有时候查询出来的结果列表为‘null’，这令人很是费解，可以想下这是什么原因？
直接上原因，嘎嘎……。
原因：作为联合主键的字段理论上不应该包含可能为空的字段。
原因分析：根据原因，说明实体Bean中的某个（些）对应的表字段有空值。
解决方案：只需要将可能为空的字段不作为联合主键的一部分就可以。
说的估计晕头了吧，直接来个事例吧（个人一直觉得，例子是解释问题的最好说明）。

假设表中的varcName和varcAddress是可能为空的，其它都不可能为空，那么映射应该是这样的

User.java

……
private UserId id;
private String varcName;
private String varcAddress;
……
/*
这里加入varcName和varcAddress映射内容，嗯还是贴出来吧，反正电子档的又不怕木有地方，嘎嘎……
*/
 @Column (name="varcName", length=50)
 public String getVarcName() {
 return this.varcName;
 }

 public void setVarcName(String varcName) {
 this.varcName = varcName;
 }

 @Column (name="varcAddress", length=50)
 public String getVarcAddress() {
 return this.varcAddress;
 }

 public void setVarcAddress(String varcAddress) {
 this.varcAddress = varcAddress;
 }

……
private UserId id;
private String varcName;
private String varcAddress;
……
/*
这里加入varcName和varcAddress映射内容，嗯还是贴出来吧，反正电子档的又不怕木有地方，嘎嘎……
*/
	@Column(name="varcName", length=50)
    public String getVarcName() {
        return this.varcName;
    }
    
    public void setVarcName(String varcName) {
        this.varcName = varcName;
    }

    @Column(name="varcAddress", length=50)
    public String getVarcAddress() {
        return this.varcAddress;
    }
    
    public void setVarcAddress(String varcAddress) {
        this.varcAddress = varcAddress;
    }

UserId.java

……
private int intId;
private int intAge;
……