[转]部分手机网站前端设计经验

原文链接：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5b1de7d60101fby5.html

1.

（1）强制让文档与设备的宽度保持1：1；

（2）文档最大的宽度比列是1.0（initial-scale初始刻度值和maximum-scale最大刻度值）；

（3）user-scalable定义是否可缩放（0为不缩放），使页面固定设备上面的大小。

下图分别是没有定义viewport和定义viewport在手机上显示的hello world网页。

  

注意：实际测试中发现，HTC G7自身系统浏览器不支持这一条规则，能够对页面进行放大，一旦放大响应的box也随之放大，导致俄页面出现错乱问题，解决方法：定义页面的最小宽度 min-width，body{min-width: 300px;}

2.

使设备浏览网页时对数字不启用电话功能（不同设备解释不同，itouch点击数字为存入联系人，iphone为拨打电话），忽略将页面中的数字识别为电话号码。

若需要启用电话功能将telephone=yes即可，具体调用格式可以这样书写代码Call Me，若在页面上面有google maps, iTunes和youtube的链接会在ios设备上打开相应的程序组件。

HTML5标签的使用

HTML5中增加了很多标签，例如：header、nav、footer等，可以实现更丰富的WEB应用程序体验，并且可以减少开发者的工作量。

目前，手机操作系统和浏览器对HTML5的支持还不是非常完善，在使用的时候需要仔细测试。

在手机版合同信息录入系统中，用到了,该标签与text输入域差不多，但是在给该输入域输入内容时，手机键盘为电话号码键盘，如下图所示。

 

利用CSS3边框背景属性

CSS3中增加了许多新的特性，例如：圆角边框、文字投影等等。目前各个主流浏览器对CSS3属性的实现方式不太一样，这就需要用到各种浏览器的前缀。比较常用的有：

-webkit-border-image    适用于webkit内核的浏览器  safari  google

-moz-border-image       适用于mozilla浏览器 firefox

如下图所示，是iphone上比较常用的web app样式。该网页完全使用CSS3实现，并未使用任何图片。

 

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CSS

 

           html, body {

                  padding: 0px;

                  margin: 0px;

                  width: 100%

                  height: 100%;

           }

           body {

                  background: #cbd2d8;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top,

                                from(#c5ccd4),

                                color-stop(0.75, #c5ccd4),

                                color-stop(0.75, transparent),

                                to(transparent));

                  -webkit-background-size: 5px 100%;

                  background-size: 5px 100%;

                  font: normal 16px/22px Helvetica, Arial, Sans-serif;

                  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;

           }

           header { display: block; }

          

           header, .button {

                  -webkit-touch-callout: none;

              -webkit-user-select: none;

           }

           header {

                  position: relative;

                  width: 100%;

                  display: -webkit-box;

                  -webkit-box-orient: horizontal;

                  -webkit-box-pack:justify;

                  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;

                  height: 45px;

                  padding: 6px 10px;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,

                                from(#b2bbca),

                                color-stop(0.25, #a7b0c3),

                                color-stop(0.5, #909cb3),

                                color-stop(0.5, #8593ac),

                                color-stop(0.75, #7c8ba5),

                                to(#73839f));

                  border-top: 1px solid #cdd5df;

                  border-bottom: 1px solid #2d3642;

           }

           header > h1 {

                  -webkit-box-flex: 1;

                  text-align: center;

                  margin: 0px;

                  font: bold 20px/32px  Helvetica, Sans-serif;

                  letter-spacing: -1px;

                       text-shadow: 0px -1px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);

                       color: #fff;

                }           

          

           .button.bordered {

                  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px #9aa5bb, 0 -1px 1px #8e96a5;

                  border: solid 1px #54617d;

                  border-color: #484e59 #54617d #4c5c7a #54617d;

                  display: inline-block;

                  cursor: pointer;

                  padding: 0px 10px;

                  font-size: 12px;

                  line-height: 28px;

                  height: 30px;

                  margin-top: 1px;

                  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;

                  -webkit-border-radius: 5px;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,

                                from(#92a1bf),

                                color-stop(0.25, #798aad),

                                color-stop(0.5, #6276a0),

                                color-stop(0.5, #556a97),

                                color-stop(0.75, #566c98),

                                to(#546993));

                  color: #fff;

                  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;

                  -webkit-user-select: none;

           }

          

           .button.bordered:hover, .button.bordered.hover {

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom,

                                from(#7d88a5),

                                color-stop(0.25, #58698c),

                                color-stop(0.5, #3a4e78),

                                color-stop(0.5, #253c6a),

                                color-stop(0.75, #273f6d),

                                to(#273f6d));

                  -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;

           }

          

          

           .button.bordered.back {

                  padding: 0px 10px 0px 3px;

                  margin-left: 10px;

                  position: relative;

           }

           .button.bordered.back > span {

                  position: relative;

                  z-index: 1;

           }

           .button.bordered.back > span.pointer {

                  z-index: 0;

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right bottom,

                                from(#92a1bf),

                                color-stop(0.3, #798aad),

                                color-stop(0.51, #6276a0),

                                color-stop(0.51, #556a97),

                                color-stop(0.75, #566c98),

                                to(#546993));

                  border-left: solid 1px #484e59;

                  border-bottom: solid 1px #9aa5bb;

                  -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 5px;

                  -webkit-border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;

                  -webkit-border-bottom-left-radius: 4px;

                  height: 23.5px;

                  width: 23.5px;

                  display: inline-block;

                  -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);

                  -webkit-mask-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, right top,

                                from(#000000),

                                color-stop(0.5,#000000),

                                color-stop(0.5, transparent),

                                to(transparent));

                  position: absolute;

                  left: -9px;

                  top: 2.5px;

                  -webkit-background-clip: content;

           }

           .button.bordered.back:hover > span.pointer, .button.back.hover > span.pointer {

                  background-image:

                         -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right bottom,

                                from(#7d88a5),

                                color-stop(0.3, #58698c),

                                color-stop(0.51, #3a4e78),

                                color-stop(0.51, #253c6a),

                                color-stop(0.75, #273f6d),

                                to(#273f6d));

           }

          

           header > .button {

                  position: absolute;

                  right: 10px;

           }

           header > .button.back {

                  right: auto;

                  left: 10px;

           }                         

   

块级化a标签

请保证将每条数据都放在一个a标签中，为何这样做？因为在触控手机上，为提升用户体验，尽可能的保证用户的可点击区域较大。

在触控手机上，为提升用户体验，应尽可能保证用户的可点击区域较大。因此，尽量将每条数据都放在一个a标签中。如下图所示，每个酒店的信息都放在一个a标签中，便于用户点击。

 

自适应布局模式

在编写CSS时，尽量不要把容器（不管是外层容器还是内层）的宽度定死。为达到适配各种手持设备，应使用自适应布局模式，这样做可以让你的页面在ipad、itouch、ipod、iphone、android、web safarik、chrome都能够正常的显示，无需再次考虑设备的分辨率。