Java OCR 图像智能字符识别技术，可识别中文

几天一直在研究 OCR 技术，据我了解的情况，国内最专业的 OCR 软件只有 2 家，清华 TH-OCR 和汉王 OCR ，看了很多的 OCR 技术发现好多对英文与数字的支持都很好，可惜很多都不支持中文字符。 Asprise-OCR ， Tesseract 3.0 以前的版本，都不支持中文，其实我用了下 Asprise-OCR 算是速度比较的快了，可惜他鄙视中文，这个没有办法，正好这段时间 知名的开源 OCR 引擎 Tesseract 3.0 版本发布了，他给我们带来的好消息就是支持中文，相关的下载项目网站是： http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr

虽然速度不是很客观可是毕竟人家开始支持中文也算是不错的，一个英文的语言包大概是 1.8M , 中文简体的语言包是 39.5M , 中文繁体的语言包是 53M ，这样就知道为什么识别中文慢的原因了

 

package com.ocr;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.color.ColorSpace;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.AffineTransformOp;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.ColorConvertOp;
import java.awt.image.ColorModel;
import java.awt.image.MemoryImageSource;
import java.awt.image.PixelGrabber;

/**
 *
 * 图像过滤,增强OCR识别成功率
 *
 */
public class ImageFilter {

    private BufferedImage image;
    private int iw, ih;
    private int[] pixels;

    public ImageFilter(BufferedImage image) {
       this.image = image;
       iw = image.getWidth();
       ih = image.getHeight();
       pixels = new int[iw * ih];
    }

    /** 图像二值化 */
    public BufferedImage changeGrey() {
       PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);
       try {
           pg.grabPixels();
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }

       // 设定二值化的域值，默认值为100
       int grey = 100;
       // 对图像进行二值化处理，Alpha值保持不变
       ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

       for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {
           int red, green, blue;
           int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i]);
           if (cm.getRed(pixels[i]) > grey) {
              red = 255;
           } else {
              red = 0;
           }

           if (cm.getGreen(pixels[i]) > grey) {
              green = 255;
           } else {
              green = 0;
           }

           if (cm.getBlue(pixels[i]) > grey) {
              blue = 255;
           } else {
              blue = 0;
           }

           pixels[i] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;
       }

       // 将数组中的象素产生一个图像
       return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw));
    }

 

    /** 提升清晰度,进行锐化 */
    public BufferedImage sharp() {
       PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);
       try {
           pg.grabPixels();
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }

       // 象素的中间变量
       int tempPixels[] = new int[iw * ih];
       for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {
           tempPixels[i] = pixels[i];
       }

       // 对图像进行尖锐化处理，Alpha值保持不变
       ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();
       for (int i = 1; i < ih - 1; i++) {

           for (int j = 1; j < iw - 1; j++) {
              int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              // 对图像进行尖锐化
              int red6 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);
              int red5 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              int red8 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);
              int sharpRed = Math.abs(red6 - red5) + Math.abs(red8 - red5);
              int green5 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              int green6 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);
              int green8 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);
              int sharpGreen = Math.abs(green6 - green5) + Math.abs(green8 - green5);
              int blue5 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              int blue6 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);
              int blue8 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);
              int sharpBlue = Math.abs(blue6 - blue5) + Math.abs(blue8 - blue5);

              if (sharpRed > 255) {
                  sharpRed = 255;
              }

              if (sharpGreen > 255) {
                  sharpGreen = 255;
              }

              if (sharpBlue > 255) {
                  sharpBlue = 255;
              }

              tempPixels[i * iw + j] = alpha << 24 | sharpRed << 16 | sharpGreen << 8 | sharpBlue;
           }
       }

       // 将数组中的象素产生一个图像
       return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih, tempPixels, 0, iw));
    }

 

    /** 中值滤波 */
    public BufferedImage median() {
       PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);
       try {
           pg.grabPixels();
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }

       // 对图像进行中值滤波，Alpha值保持不变
       ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();
       for (int i = 1; i < ih - 1; i++) {
           for (int j = 1; j < iw - 1; j++) {
              int red, green, blue;
              int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              // int red2 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);
              int red4 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);
              int red5 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              int red6 = cm.getRed(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);
              // int red8 = cm.getRed(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

              // 水平方向进行中值滤波
              if (red4 >= red5) {
                  if (red5 >= red6) {
                     red = red5;
                  } else {
                     if (red4 >= red6) {
                         red = red6;
                     } else {
                         red = red4;
                     }
                  }
              } else {
                  if (red4 > red6) {
                     red = red4;
                  } else {
                      if (red5 > red6) {
                         red = red6;
                     } else {
                         red = red5;
                     }
                  }
              }

              // int green2 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);
              int green4 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);
              int green5 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              int green6 = cm.getGreen(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);
              // int green8 = cm.getGreen(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

              // 水平方向进行中值滤波
              if (green4 >= green5) {
                  if (green5 >= green6) {
                     green = green5;
                  } else {
                     if (green4 >= green6) {
                         green = green6;
                     } else {
                         green = green4;
                     }
                  }
              } else {
                  if (green4 > green6) {
                      green = green4;
                  } else {
                     if (green5 > green6) {
                         green = green6;
                     } else {
                         green = green5;
                     }
                  }
              }

              // int blue2 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i - 1) * iw + j]);
              int blue4 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j - 1]);
              int blue5 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j]);
              int blue6 = cm.getBlue(pixels[i * iw + j + 1]);
              // int blue8 = cm.getBlue(pixels[(i + 1) * iw + j]);

              // 水平方向进行中值滤波
              if (blue4 >= blue5) {
                  if (blue5 >= blue6) {
                     blue = blue5;
                  } else {
                     if (blue4 >= blue6) {
                         blue = blue6;
                     } else {
                         blue = blue4;
                     }
                  }
              } else {
                  if (blue4 > blue6) {
                     blue = blue4;
                  } else {
                     if (blue5 > blue6) {
                         blue = blue6;
                     } else {
                         blue = blue5;
                     }
                  }
              }
              pixels[i * iw + j] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;
           }
       }

       // 将数组中的象素产生一个图像
       return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw));
    }

    /** 线性灰度变换 */
    public BufferedImage lineGrey() {
       PixelGrabber pg = new PixelGrabber(image.getSource(), 0, 0, iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw);
       try {
           pg.grabPixels();
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }

       // 对图像进行进行线性拉伸，Alpha值保持不变
       ColorModel cm = ColorModel.getRGBdefault();

       for (int i = 0; i < iw * ih; i++) {
           int alpha = cm.getAlpha(pixels[i]);
           int red = cm.getRed(pixels[i]);
           int green = cm.getGreen(pixels[i]);
           int blue = cm.getBlue(pixels[i]);

           // 增加了图像的亮度
           red = (int) (1.1 * red + 30);
           green = (int) (1.1 * green + 30);
           blue = (int) (1.1 * blue + 30);
           if (red >= 255) {
              red = 255;
           }

           if (green >= 255) {
              green = 255;
           }

           if (blue >= 255) {
              blue = 255;
           }
           pixels[i] = alpha << 24 | red << 16 | green << 8 | blue;
       }

       // 将数组中的象素产生一个图像
       return ImageIOHelper.imageProducerToBufferedImage(new MemoryImageSource(iw, ih, pixels, 0, iw));
    }

    /** 转换为黑白灰度图 */
    public BufferedImage grayFilter() {
       ColorSpace cs = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_GRAY);
       ColorConvertOp op = new ColorConvertOp(cs, null);
       return op.filter(image, null);
    }

    /** 平滑缩放 */
    public BufferedImage scaling(double s) {
       AffineTransform tx = new AffineTransform();
       tx.scale(s, s);
       AffineTransformOp op = new AffineTransformOp(tx, AffineTransformOp.TYPE_BILINEAR);
       return op.filter(image, null);
    }

    public BufferedImage scale(Float s) {
       int srcW = image.getWidth();
       int srcH = image.getHeight();
       int newW = Math.round(srcW * s);
       int newH = Math.round(srcH * s);

       // 先做水平方向上的伸缩变换
       BufferedImage tmp=new BufferedImage(newW, newH, image.getType());
       Graphics2D g= tmp.createGraphics();
       for (int x = 0; x < newW; x++) {
           g.setClip(x, 0, 1, srcH);
           // 按比例放缩
           g.drawImage(image, x - x * srcW / newW, 0, null);
       }

        // 再做垂直方向上的伸缩变换
       BufferedImage dst = new BufferedImage(newW, newH, image.getType());
       g = dst.createGraphics();
       for (int y = 0; y < newH; y++) {
           g.setClip(0, y, newW, 1);
           // 按比例放缩
           g.drawImage(tmp, 0, y - y * srcH / newH, null);
       }
       return dst;
    }

}

 

 

package com.ocr;
 
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.DataBufferByte;
import java.awt.image.ImageProducer;
import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Locale;
import javax.imageio.IIOImage;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.imageio.ImageReader;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriteParam;
import javax.imageio.ImageWriter;
import javax.imageio.metadata.IIOMetadata;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import com.sun.media.imageio.plugins.tiff.TIFFImageWriteParam;
 
public class ImageIOHelper {
    public ImageIOHelper() {
    }
 
    public static File createImage(File imageFile, String imageFormat) {
       File tempFile = null;
       try {
           Iterator<ImageReader> readers = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(imageFormat);
           ImageReader reader = readers.next();
 
           ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);
           reader.setInput(iis);
           // Read the stream metadata
           IIOMetadata streamMetadata = reader.getStreamMetadata();
 
           // Set up the writeParam
           TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(Locale.US);
           tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);
 
           // Get tif writer and set output to file
           Iterator<ImageWriter> writers = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");
           ImageWriter writer = writers.next();
 
           BufferedImage bi = reader.read(0);
           IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi, null, reader.getImageMetadata(0));
           tempFile = tempImageFile(imageFile);
           ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);
           writer.setOutput(ios);
           writer.write(streamMetadata, image, tiffWriteParam);
           ios.close();
 
           writer.dispose();
           reader.dispose();
       } catch (Exception exc) {
           exc.printStackTrace();
       }
       return tempFile;
    }
 
    public static File createImage(BufferedImage bi) {
       File tempFile = null;
       try {
           tempFile = File.createTempFile("tempImageFile", ".tif");
           tempFile.deleteOnExit();
           TIFFImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam = new TIFFImageWriteParam(Locale.US);
           tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);
 
           // Get tif writer and set output to file
           Iterator<ImageWriter> writers = ImageIO.getImageWritersByFormatName("tiff");
           ImageWriter writer = writers.next();
 
           IIOImage image = new IIOImage(bi, null, null);
           tempFile = tempImageFile(tempFile);
           ImageOutputStream ios = ImageIO.createImageOutputStream(tempFile);
           writer.setOutput(ios);
           writer.write(null, image, tiffWriteParam);
           ios.close();
           writer.dispose();
       } catch (Exception exc) {
           exc.printStackTrace();
       }
       return tempFile;
    }
 
    public static File tempImageFile(File imageFile) {
       String path = imageFile.getPath();
       StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer(path);
       strB.insert(path.lastIndexOf('.'), 0);
       return new File(strB.toString().replaceFirst("(?<=//.)(//w+)$", "tif"));
    }
 
    public static BufferedImage getImage(File imageFile) {
       BufferedImage al = null;
       try {
           String imageFileName = imageFile.getName();
           String imageFormat = imageFileName.substring(imageFileName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
           Iterator<ImageReader> readers = ImageIO.getImageReadersByFormatName(imageFormat);
           ImageReader reader = readers.next();
 
           if (reader == null) {
              JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null,
                     "Need to install JAI Image I/O package./nhttps://jai-imageio.dev.java.net");
              return null;
           }
 
           ImageInputStream iis = ImageIO.createImageInputStream(imageFile);
           reader.setInput(iis);
 
           al = reader.read(0);
 
           reader.dispose();
       } catch (IOException ioe) {
           System.err.println(ioe.getMessage());
       } catch (Exception e) {
           System.err.println(e.getMessage());
       }
 
       return al;
    }
 
    public static BufferedImage imageToBufferedImage(Image image) {
       BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(image.getWidth(null), image.getHeight(null),
              BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
       Graphics2D g = bufferedImage.createGraphics();
       g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
       return bufferedImage;
    }
 
    public static BufferedImage imageProducerToBufferedImage(ImageProducer imageProducer) {
       return imageToBufferedImage(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage(imageProducer));
    }
 
    public static byte[] image_byte_data(BufferedImage image) {
       WritableRaster raster = image.getRaster();
       DataBufferByte buffer = (DataBufferByte) raster.getDataBuffer();
       return buffer.getData();
    }
}

 

package com.ocr;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdesktop.swingx.util.OS;

public class OCR {
    private final String LANG_OPTION = "-l";
    private final String EOL = System.getProperty("line.separator");
    private String tessPath = new File("tesseract").getAbsolutePath();
    //private String tessPath="C://Program Files (x86)//Tesseract-OCR//";
    public String recognizeText(File imageFile, String imageFormat) throws Exception {
       File tempImage = ImageIOHelper.createImage(imageFile, imageFormat);
       File outputFile = new File(imageFile.getParentFile(), "output");
       StringBuffer strB = new StringBuffer();
       List<String> cmd = new ArrayList<String>();
       if (OS.isWindowsXP()) {
           cmd.add(tessPath + "//tesseract");
           //cmd.add(tessPath + "//Tesseract-OCR");
       } else if (OS.isLinux()) {
           cmd.add("tesseract");
       } else {
           //cmd.add(tessPath + "//Tesseract-OCR");
           cmd.add(tessPath + "//tesseract");
       }
           cmd.add(""); 
            cmd.add(outputFile.getName()); 
            cmd.add(LANG_OPTION); 
            cmd.add("chi_sim");
            cmd.add("eng"); 
 
       ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder();
       pb.directory(imageFile.getParentFile());
 
       cmd.set(1, tempImage.getName());
       pb.command(cmd);
       pb.redirectErrorStream(true);
       Process process = pb.start();
       //tesseract.exe 1.jpg 1 -l chi_sim
       int w = process.waitFor();
 
       // delete temp working files
       tempImage.delete();
 
       if (w == 0) {
           BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(outputFile
                  .getAbsolutePath()
                  + ".txt"), "UTF-8"));
 
           String str;
 
           while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {
              strB.append(str).append(EOL);
           }
           in.close();
       } else {
           String msg;
           switch (w) {
           case 1:
              msg = "Errors accessing files. There may be spaces in your image's filename.";
              break;
           case 29:
              msg = "Cannot recognize the image or its selected region.";
              break;
           case 31:
              msg = "Unsupported image format.";
              break;
           default:
              msg = "Errors occurred.";
           }
           tempImage.delete();
           throw new RuntimeException(msg);
       }
       new File(outputFile.getAbsolutePath() + ".txt").delete();
       return strB.toString();
    }
}

 

package com.ocr;
 
import java.io.File;
 
public class Test {
 
    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
       // TODO Auto-generated method stub
       OCR ocr=new OCR();
        try {
           String maybe = new OCR().recognizeText(new  File("E://temp//222.jpg"), "jpg");
           System.out.println(maybe);
       } catch (Exception e) {
           // TODO Auto-generated catch block
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
    }
 
}

 

 

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