在Google这个由10的100次方得名的站点中，各种评估网站的算法层出不穷，而PageRank即是其中之一。
Google的PageRank根据网站的外部链接和内部链接的数量和质量俩衡量网站的价值。PageRank背后的概念是，每个到页面的链接都是对该页面的一次投票，被链接的越多，就意味着被其他网站投票越多。这个就是所谓的“链接流行度”——衡量多少人愿意将他们的网站和你的网站挂钩。 PageRank这个概念引自学术中一篇论文的被引述的频度——即被别人引述的次数越多，一般判断这篇论文的权威性就越高。
通常情况下讲，原创内容越多的站点，PageRank越容易提升，反之则相对比较困难，PageRank最大上限值为10。在Google的评估中，能上 10的网站真可谓凤毛麟角，即使算上Google，能成就PageRank 10这“伟业”者，望眼环球也不足40家。一般来说，个人站点评估值4即办的不错，商业网站到6以上便算步入正轨了。
网上虽然有不少现成的查询器及源码，但是光用别人的毕竟不符合程序员风格，所以今天自己用Java重造轮子又写了个PageRank查询实现，捎带着把一些常用搜索引擎的网站链接及反向链接查询也加上了。
源码如下：
GooglePageRank.java
1. package org.loon.test;
2.
3. import java.io.IOException;
4. import java.util.Random;
5. import java.util.regex.Matcher;
6. import java.util.regex.Pattern;
7.
8. /**
9. * Copyright 2008
10. *
11. * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
12. * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
13. * the License at
14. *
15. * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
16. *
17. * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
18. * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
19. * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
20. * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
21. * the License.
22. *
23. * @project loonframework
24. * @author chenpeng
25. * @email：[email protected]
26. * @version 0.1
27. */
28. public class GooglePageRank {
29.
30. // google pagerank服务器ip地址列表（最近google小气了很多，反复查询一个封ip）
31. final static String[] GoogleServiceIP = new String[] { "64.233.161.100",
32. "64.233.161.101", "64.233.183.91", "64.233.189.44", "66.102.1.103",
33. "66.102.9.115", "66.249.89.83", "66.249.91.99", "66.249.93.190" };
34.
35. // google用识别标记
36. final static private int GOOGLE_MAGIC = 0xE6359A60;
37.
38. // ch数值混合器
39. private class CHMix {
40.
41. int a;
42.
43. int b;
44.
45. int c;
46.
47. public CHMix() {
48. this(0, 0, 0);
49. }
50.
51. public CHMix(int a, int b, int c) {
52. this.a = a;
53. this.b = b;
54. this.c = c;
55. }
56. }
57.
58. /**
59. * 按google要求混合成ch数据
60. *
61. * @param mix
62. */
63. private static void mix(final CHMix mix) {
64. mix.a -= mix.b;
65. mix.a -= mix.c;
66. mix.a ^= mix.c >> 13;
67. mix.b -= mix.c;
68. mix.b -= mix.a;
69. mix.b ^= mix.a << 8;
70. mix.c -= mix.a;
71. mix.c -= mix.b;
72. mix.c ^= mix.b >> 13;
73. mix.a -= mix.b;
74. mix.a -= mix.c;
75. mix.a ^= mix.c >> 12;
76. mix.b -= mix.c;
77. mix.b -= mix.a;
78. mix.b ^= mix.a << 16;
79. mix.c -= mix.a;
80. mix.c -= mix.b;
81. mix.c ^= mix.b >> 5;
82. mix.a -= mix.b;
83. mix.a -= mix.c;
84. mix.a ^= mix.c >> 3;
85. mix.b -= mix.c;
86. mix.b -= mix.a;
87. mix.b ^= mix.a << 10;
88. mix.c -= mix.a;
89. mix.c -= mix.b;
90. mix.c ^= mix.b >> 15;
91. }
92.
93. /**
94. * 获得ch数值混合器
95. *
96. * @return
97. */
98. public static CHMix getInnerCHMix() {
99. return new GooglePageRank().new CHMix();
100. }
101.
102. /**
103. * 通过url获得googlech(google数据库针对页面的全球唯一标识)
104. *
105. * @param url
106. * @return
107. */
108. public static String GoogleCH(final String url) {
109. // 格式化为google要求的info:url模式
110. String nUrl = String.format("info:%s", new Object[] { url });
111. // 获得新url字符串格式
112. char[] urls = nUrl.toCharArray();
113. // 获得新url长度
114. int length = urls.length;
115.
116. // 获得一个ch数值混合器
117. CHMix chMix = GooglePageRank.getInnerCHMix();
118. // 为c注入google识别标识
119. chMix.c = GOOGLE_MAGIC;
120.
121. // 为a、b项注入google要求的初始标识
122. chMix.a = chMix.b = 0x9E3779B9;
123.
124. int k = 0;
125.
126. int len = length;
127.
128. while (len >= 12) {
129.
130. chMix.a += (int) (urls[k + 0] + (urls[k + 1] << 8)
131. + (urls[k + 2] << 16) + (urls[k + 3] << 24));
132. chMix.b += (int) (urls[k + 4] + (urls[k + 5] << 8)
133. + (urls[k + 6] << 16) + (urls[k + 7] << 24));
134. chMix.c += (int) (urls[k + 8] + (urls[k + 9] << 8)
135. + (urls[k + 10] << 16) + (urls[k + 11] << 24));
136. // 获得混合运算后的数据
137. GooglePageRank.mix(chMix);
138. k += 12;
139. len -= 12;
140. }
141. chMix.c += length;
142.
143. // 产生googlech的11位标识
144. switch (len) {
145. case 11:
146. chMix.c += (int) (urls[k + 10] << 24);
147. case 10:
148. chMix.c += (int) (urls[k + 9] << 16);
149. case 9:
150. chMix.c += (int) (urls[k + 8] << 8);
151. case 8:
152. chMix.b += (int) (urls[k + 7] << 24);
153. case 7:
154. chMix.b += (int) (urls[k + 6] << 16);
155. case 6:
156. chMix.b += (int) (urls[k + 5] << 8);
157. case 5:
158. chMix.b += (int) (urls[k + 4]);
159. case 4:
160. chMix.a += (int) (urls[k + 3] << 24);
161. case 3:
162. chMix.a += (int) (urls[k + 2] << 16);
163. case 2:
164. chMix.a += (int) (urls[k + 1] << 8);
165. case 1:
166. chMix.a += (int) (urls[k + 0]);
167. break;
168. default:
169. break;
170. }
171. // 获得混合运算后的数据
172. GooglePageRank.mix(chMix);
173. // 获得未修订的CH
174. String tch = String.valueOf(chMix.c);
175. // 矫正差值后反馈正确CH
176. return String
177. .format("6%s", new Object[] { tch.length() < 10 ? ("-" + tch)
178. .intern() : tch });
179. }
180.
181. /**
182. * 正则匹配pagerank结果
183. *
184. * @param value
185. * @return
186. */
187. private static String MatchRank(final String value) {
188. Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("Rank_1:[0-9]:([0-9]+)");
189. Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(value);
190. if (matcher.find()) {
191. return matcher.group(1);
192. }
193. return "0";
194. }
195.
196. /**
197. * 获得指定页面的google pagerank值
198. *
199. * @param url
200. * @return
201. */
202. public static String GooglePR(final String url) {
203. String rip = GoogleServiceIP[new Random()
204. .nextInt(GoogleServiceIP.length)];
205. return GooglePR(url, rip);
206. }
207.
208. /**
209. * 以指定的google服务器获得指定页面的google pagerank值
210. *
211. * @param url
212. * @param ip
213. * @return
214. */
215. public static String GooglePR(final String url, final String ip) {
216. // 产生查询用唯一标识
217. String checksum = GoogleCH(url);
218. // 产生查询用url
219. String queryUrl = String
220. .format(
221. "http://%s/search?client=navclient-auto&ch=%s&features=Rank&q=info:%s",
222. new Object[] { ip, checksum, url });
223.
224. String response;
225. try {
226. response = SimpleWebClient.getRequestHttp(queryUrl);
227. } catch (IOException e) {
228. response = "";
229. }
230. if (response.length() == 0) {
231. return "0";
232. } else {
233. return GooglePageRank.MatchRank(response);
234. }
235. }
236.
237. }
238.
SimpleWebClient.java
1. package org.loon.test;
2.
3. import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
4. import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
5. import java.io.IOException;
6. import java.io.InputStream;
7. import java.io.InputStreamReader;
8. import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
9. import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
10. import java.net.URL;
11. import java.util.HashMap;
12. import java.util.Iterator;
13. import java.util.Map;
14. import java.util.Set;
15. import java.util.Map.Entry;
16.
17. import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
18.
19. /**
20. * Copyright 2008
21. *
22. * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
23. * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
24. * the License at
25. *
26. * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
27. *
28. * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
29. * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
30. * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
31. * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
32. * the License.
33. *
34. * @project loonframework
35. * @author chenpeng
36. * @email：[email protected]
37. * @version 0.1
38. */
39. public class SimpleWebClient {
40.
41. /**
42. * 向指定url发送请求并获得响应数据
43. *
44. * @param urlString
45. * @return
46. * @throws IOException
47. */
48. public static String getRequestHttp(String urlString) throws IOException {
49. return getRequestHttp(urlString, "utf-8");
50. }
51.
52. /**
53. * 向指定url发送请求并获得响应数据
54. *
55. * @param urlString
56. * @param encoding
57. * @return
58. * @throws IOException
59. */
60. public static String getRequestHttp(String urlString, String encoding)
61. throws IOException {
62. return getRequestHttp(urlString, encoding, null, 5000);
63. }
64.
65. /**
66. * 向指定url发送请求并获得响应数据
67. *
68. * @param urlString
69. * @param encoding
70. * @param parameter
71. * @return
72. * @throws IOException
73. */
74. public static String getRequestHttp(final String urlString,
75. final String encoding, final Map parameter, final int timeout)
76. throws IOException {
77.
78. String nURL = (urlString.startsWith("http://") || urlString
79. .startsWith("https://")) ? urlString : ("http:" + urlString)
80. .intern();
81.
82. String user = null;
83. String password = null;
84. String method = "GET";
85. String post = null;
86. String digest = null;
87.
88. String responseContent = "ERROR";
89.
90. boolean foundRedirect = false;
91.
92. Map headers = new HashMap();
93.
94. if (parameter != null) {
95. Set entrySet = parameter.entrySet();
96.
97. for (Iterator it = entrySet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
98. Entry header = (Entry) it.next();
99. String key = (String) header.getKey();
100. String value = (String) header.getValue();
101. if ("user".equals(key)) {
102. user = value;
103. } else if ("pass".equals(key)) {
104. password = value;
105. } else if ("method".equals(key)) {
106. method = value;
107. } else if ("post".equals(key)) {
108. post = value;
109. } else {
110. headers.put(key, value);
111. }
112. }
113. }
114. URL url = new URL(nURL);
115.
116. if (user != null && password != null) {
117. BASE64Encoder base64 = new BASE64Encoder();
118. digest = "Basic "
119. + base64.encode((user + ":" + password).getBytes());
120. }
121.
122. do {
123.
124. HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url
125. .openConnection();
126. // 添加访问授权
127. if (digest != null) {
128. urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", digest);
129. }
130. urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
131. urlConnection.setDoInput(true);
132. urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
133. urlConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
134. urlConnection.setRequestMethod(method);
135. if (timeout > 0) {
136. urlConnection.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
137. }
138. //模拟http头文件
139. urlConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0;)");
140. urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */*");
141. //追加http头文件
142. Set headersSet = headers.entrySet();
143. for (Iterator it = headersSet.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
144. Entry entry = (Entry) it.next();
145. urlConnection.setRequestProperty((String) entry.getKey(),
146. (String) entry.getValue());
147. }
148.
149. if (post != null) {
150. OutputStreamWriter outRemote = new OutputStreamWriter(
151. urlConnection.getOutputStream());
152. outRemote.write(post);
153. outRemote.flush();
154. }
155.
156. // 获得响应状态
157. int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
158.
159. // 获得返回的数据长度
160. int responseLength = urlConnection.getContentLength();
161.
162. if (responseCode == 302) {
163. // 重定向
164. String location = urlConnection.getHeaderField("Location");
165. url = new URL(location);
166. foundRedirect = true;
167. } else {
168. BufferedInputStream in;
169. if (responseCode == 200 || responseCode == 201) {
170. in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream());
171. } else {
172. in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getErrorStream());
173. }
174. int size = responseLength == -1 ? 4096 : responseLength;
175. if (encoding != null) {
176. responseContent = SimpleWebClient.read(in, size, encoding);
177. } else {
178. ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
179. byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
180. int read;
181. while ((read = in.read(bytes)) >= 0) {
182. out.write(bytes, 0, read);
183. }
184. responseContent = new String(out.toByteArray());
185. in.close();
186. out.close();
187. }
188. foundRedirect = false;
189. }
190. // 如果重定向则继续
191. } while (foundRedirect);
192.
193. return responseContent;
194. }
195.
196. /**
197. * 转化InputStream为String
198. *
199. * @param in
200. * @param size
201. * @return
202. * @throws IOException
203. */
204. private static String read(final InputStream in, final int size,
205. final String encoding) throws IOException {
206. StringBuilder sbr = new StringBuilder();
207. int nSize = size;
208. if (nSize == 0) {
209. nSize = 1;
210. }
211. char[] buffer = new char[nSize];
212. int offset = 0;
213. InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in, encoding);
214. while ((offset = isr.read(buffer)) != -1) {
215. sbr.append(buffer, 0, offset);
216. }
217. in.close();
218. isr.close();
219. return sbr.toString();
220. }
221. }
222.
WebAppraise.java
1. package org.loon.test;
2.
3. import java.io.IOException;
4.
5. /**
6. * Copyright 2008
7. *
8. * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
9. * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
10. * the License at
11. *
12. * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
13. *
14. * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
15. * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
16. * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
17. * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
18. * the License.
19. *
20. * @project loonframework
21. * @author chenpeng
22. * @email：[email protected]
23. * @version 0.1
24. */
25. public class WebAppraise {
26.
27. private String googleSum;
28.
29. private String baiduSum;
30.
31. private String msnSum;
32.
33. private String altaVistaSum;
34.
35. private String allTheWebSum;
36.
37. private String yahooSum;
38.
39. private String testURL;
40.
41. public WebAppraise(final String url) {
42.
43. if (url != null && !"".equals(url)) {
44. this.testURL = url.trim();
45. if (this.testURL.startsWith("http://")) {
46. this.testURL = this.testURL.substring(7);
47. }
48. if (this.testURL.startsWith("https://")) {
49. this.testURL = this.testURL.substring(8);
50. }
51. } else {
52. throw new RuntimeException("url is NULL!");
53. }
54.
55. }
56.
57. /**
58. * 分析指定链接结果，并返回整型数值
59. *
60. * @param searchURL
61. * @param anchor
62. * @param trail
63. * @return
64. */
65. private static int getLinks(final String searchURL, final String anchor,
66. final String trail) {
67. int count = 0;
68. String serverResponse;
69.
70. try {
71. // 我国特色……
72. if (searchURL.startsWith("http://www.baidu.com")) {
73. // 永不离休的gb2312同志(-_-||)
74. serverResponse = SimpleWebClient.getRequestHttp(searchURL,
75. "gb2312");
76. } else {
77. serverResponse = SimpleWebClient.getRequestHttp(searchURL);
78. }
79. } catch (IOException e) {
80. serverResponse = e.getMessage();
81. }
82.
83. int pos = serverResponse.indexOf(anchor);
84. if (pos > 1) {
85. serverResponse = serverResponse.substring(pos + anchor.length());
86. pos = serverResponse.indexOf(trail);
87. String value = serverResponse.substring(0, pos).trim();
88. value = value.replace(",", "");
89. value = value.replace(".", "");
90. count = Integer.parseInt(value);
91. }
92. return count;
93. }
94.
95. public String getAllTheWebSite() {
96. return getAllTheWebSite(false);
97. }
98.
99. public String getAllTheWebSite(boolean isDomain) {
100. try {
101. String allTheWeb;
102. if (isDomain) {
103. allTheWeb = "http://www.alltheweb.com/search?cat=web&cs=utf8&rys=0&itag=crv&_sb_lang=any&q=linkdomain%3A"
104. + this.testURL;
105. } else {
106. allTheWeb = "http://www.alltheweb.com/search?cat=web&cs=utf-8&q=link%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2F"
107. + this.testURL + "&_sb_lang=any";
108. }
109. allTheWebSum = ""
110. + getLinks(allTheWeb, "<span class=\"ofSoMany\">",
111. "</span>");
112. } catch (Exception ex) {
113. allTheWebSum = ex.getMessage();
114. }
115. return allTheWebSum;
116. }
117.
118. public String getAltaVistaSite() {
119. return getAltaVistaSite(false);
120. }
121.
122. public String getAltaVistaSite(boolean isDomain) {
123. try {
124. String altaVista;
125. if (isDomain) {
126. altaVista = "http://www.altavista.com/web/results?itag=ody&q=link%3A"
127. + this.testURL + "&kgs=0&kls=0";
128. } else {
129. altaVista = "http://www.altavista.com/web/results?itag=ody&kgs=0&kls=0&q=site%3A"
130. + this.testURL;
131. }
132. altaVistaSum = "" + getLinks(altaVista, "AltaVista found ", " ");
133. } catch (Exception ex) {
134. altaVistaSum = ex.getMessage();
135. }
136. return altaVistaSum;
137. }
138.
139. public String getGooglePR() {
140. return GooglePageRank.GooglePR(this.testURL);
141. }
142.
143. public String getGoogleSite() {
144. return getGoogleSite(false);
145. }
146.
147. public String getGoogleSite(final boolean isDomian) {
148. try {
149. String google;
150. // 反向链接
151. if (isDomian) {
152. google = "http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=link%3A"
153. + this.testURL;
154. } else {
155. google = "http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=site%3A"
156. + this.testURL + "&btnG=Google+Search&aq=f&oq=";
157. }
158. googleSum = "" + getLinks(google, "about <b>", "</b>");
159. } catch (Exception ex) {
160. googleSum = ex.getMessage();
161. }
162. return googleSum;
163. }
164.
165. public String getBaiduSite() {
166. return getBaiduSite(false);
167. }
168.
169. public String getBaiduSite(final boolean isDomian) {
170. try {
171. String baidu;
172. if (isDomian) {
173. baidu = "http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=domain%3A" + this.testURL
174. + "&cl=3";
175. } else {
176. baidu = "http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=site%3A" + this.testURL;
177. }
178. baiduSum = "" + getLinks(baidu, "找到相关网页", "篇");
179. } catch (Exception ex) {
180. String baidu;
181. if (isDomian) {
182. baidu = "http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=domain%3A" + this.testURL
183. + "&cl=3";
184. } else {
185. baidu = "http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=site%3A" + this.testURL;
186. }
187. baiduSum = "" + getLinks(baidu, "找到相关网页约", "篇");
188. }
189. return baiduSum;
190. }
191.
192. public String getYahooSite() {
193. return getYahooSite(false);
194. }
195.
196. public String getYahooSite(final boolean isDomian) {
197. try {
198. String yahoo;
199. if (isDomian) {
200. yahoo = "http://sitemap.cn.yahoo.com/search?p=" + this.testURL
201. + "&bwm=i";
202. yahooSum = "" + getLinks(yahoo, "<strong>", "</strong>");
203. } else {
204. yahoo = "http://www.yahoo.cn/s?p=site%3A" + this.testURL
205. + "&pid=hp&v=web";
206. yahooSum = "" + getLinks(yahoo, "找到相关网页约", "条");
207. }
208.
209. } catch (Exception ex) {
210. yahooSum = ex.getMessage();
211. }
212. return yahooSum;
213. }
214.
215. public String getMsnSite() {
216. return getMsnSite(false);
217. }
218.
219. public String getMsnSite(boolean isDomain) {
220. try {
221. String msn;
222. if (isDomain) {
223. msn = "http://cnweb.search.live.com/results.aspx?q=link%3A"
224. + this.testURL + "&mkt=zh-cn&scope=&FORM=LIVSO";
225. } else {
226. msn = "http://cnweb.search.live.com/results.aspx?q=site%3A"
227. + this.testURL + "&go=&form=QBRE";
228. }
229. msnSum = "" + getLinks(msn, "共", "条搜索结果");
230. } catch (Exception ex) {
231. msnSum = ex.getMessage();
232. }
233. return msnSum;
234. }
235.
236. public String getTestURL() {
237. return testURL;
238. }
239.
240. }
241.
Test.java
1. package org.loon.test;
2.
3. /**
4. * Copyright 2008
5. *
6. * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
7. * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
8. * the License at
9. *
10. * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
11. *
12. * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
13. * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
14. * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
15. * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
16. * the License.
17. *
18. * @project loonframework
19. * @author chenpeng
20. * @email：[email protected]
21. * @version 0.1
22. */
23. public class Test {
24.
25. public static void main(String[] args) {
26.
27. WebAppraise appraise = new WebAppraise("http://blog.csdn.net/cping1982");
28.
29. System.out.println("GooglePagerRank值：" + appraise.getGooglePR());
30. System.out.println("google收录：" + appraise.getGoogleSite());
31. System.out.println("google反向收录：" + appraise.getGoogleSite(true));
32. System.out.println("yahoo收录：" + appraise.getYahooSite());
33. System.out.println("yahoo反向收录：" + appraise.getYahooSite(true));
34. System.out.println("baidu收录：" + appraise.getBaiduSite());
35. System.out.println("baidu反向收录：" + appraise.getBaiduSite(true));
36. System.out.println("msn收录：" + appraise.getMsnSite());
37. System.out.println("msn反向收录：" + appraise.getMsnSite(true));
38. System.out.println("AllTheWeb收录：" + appraise.getAllTheWebSite());
39. System.out.println("AllTheWeb反向收录：" + appraise.getAllTheWebSite(true));
40. System.out.println("AltaVista收录：" + appraise.getAltaVistaSite());
41. System.out.println("AltaVista反向收录：" + appraise.getAltaVistaSite(true));
42.
43. }
44. }
