linux GTK教程（消息机制/标签/按钮/图像/文本/对话框/菜单/容器）
GTK+（GIMP Toolkit)是一套源码以LGPL许可协议分发、跨平台的图形工具包。最初是为GIMP写的，已成为一个功能强大、设计灵活的一个通用图形库，是GNU/Linux下开发图形界面的应用程序的主流开发工具之一。
1.GTK安装
2.一个简单的GTK窗口程序
#include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *window; gtk_init(&argc,&argv); window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);//参数表示创建主窗口 g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"delete event",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL);//空间和消息函数创建关联 gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"test"); gtk_widget_show(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
g_signal_connect()函数原型：
gulong g_signal_connect(gpointer object, const gchar* name, GCallback func, gpointer func_data); //object指向产生消息的控件 //name为消息名称 //func为发生消息后的回调函数 //func_data是床递给消息处理函数func的参数 //func void callback_func(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer func_data); //widget指向接收消息的控件 //func_data是传递的消息 //另外一个connect函数，它不提供消息的传送 gulong g_signal_connect_swapped(gpointer object,const gchar *name,GCallback func, gpointer slot_object);
3.为窗口增加一个按钮控件
//一般按钮的创建函数 GtkWidget* gtk_button_new(void) //空按钮 GtkWidget* gtk_button_new_with_label(const gchar* label) //带标签的 GtkWidget* gtk_button_new_with_mnemonic(congst gchar* label) //带助记符的 GtkWidget* gtk_button_new_from_stock(const gchar* stock_id) //基于固定項按钮--->由一个图标，一个文本标签和一个可选的快捷键组成 //其他函数 const gchar *gtk_button_get_label(GtkButton *button) //获取标签文本 void gtk_button_set_label(GtkButton *button) gboolean gtk_button_get_focus_on_click(GtkButton *button) //获取按钮焦点 gboolean gtk_button_set_focus_on_click(GtkButton *button) GtkWidget* gtk_button_get_image(GtkButton *button) //获取按钮图像 GtkWidget* gtk_button_set_image(GtkButton *button)
用户没有点击按钮，但是需要执行点击按钮时所对应的动作。一种方法是直接调用按钮的c l i c k e d信号的回调函数，另一种方法就是调用一个函数，让这个函数引发c l i c k e d信号，这样自然就会调用这个回调函数。对鼠标按下、松开、进入和离开等信号也有类似的函数。如下：
//对给定按钮构件b u t t o n引发p r e s s e d信号，效果是直接调用p r e s s e d信号对应的回调函数： void gtk_button_pressed (GtkButton *button); //对给定按钮构件b u t t o n引发r e l e a s e d信号： void gtk_button_released (GtkButton *button); //对给定按钮构件b u t t o n引发c l i c k e d信号： void gtk_button_clicked (GtkButton *button); //对给定按钮构件b u t t o n引发e n t e r信号： void gtk_button_enter (GtkButton *button); //对给定按钮构件b u t t o n引发l e a v e信号： void gtk_button_leave (GtkButton *button);
例子：
View Code
4.标签创建和属性设置
GtkWidget *gtk_label_new(const char *str) GtkWidget *gtk_laber_new_with_mnemonic(const char *str) //第二个创建了一个带助记符的标签 void gtk_label_set_text(GtkLaber *label, const char *str) //改变标签文本 const gchar* gtk_label_get_text(GtkLabel *label) //获取标签当前文本 void gtk_label_set_justify(...) //设置对齐方式 void gtk_label_set_line_wrap(..) //激活自动换行 void gtk_label_set_pattern(..) //加下划线
例子：
View Code
//laber_demo.c #include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *label; //标签 GtkWidget *frame; //框架 GtkWidget *main_vbox; //组装盒 gtk_init(&argc,&argv); window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);//参数表示创建主窗口 g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"Label Demo"); main_vbox=gtk_vbox_new(TRUE,6); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window),20); label=gtk_label_new("LABEL"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(main_vbox),label,FALSE,FALSE,0); frame=gtk_frame_new("Normal label"); label=gtk_label_new("this is a label"); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame),label); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(main_vbox),frame,FALSE,FALSE,0); frame=gtk_frame_new("multi-line label"); label=gtk_label_new("this is a multi-line label.\nsecond line.\nthird line."); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame),label); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(main_vbox),frame,FALSE,FALSE,0); frame=gtk_frame_new("line wrapped label"); label=gtk_label_new("this is a line wrapped label."\ "second line."\ "third line."); gtk_label_set_line_wrap(GTK_LABEL(label),TRUE); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(frame),label); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(main_vbox),frame,FALSE,FALSE,0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),main_vbox); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
5.开关按钮，复选按钮，单选按钮
//创建开关按钮 GtkWidget *gtk_toggle_button_new(void) GtkWidget *gtk_toggle_button_new_with_label(const gchar *label) GtkWidget *gtk_toggle_button_new_with_mnemonic(const gchar *label) //检查按钮状态 gboolean gtk_toggle_button_get_active(GtkToggleButton *toggle_button) //设置按钮状态 void gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GtkToggleButton *toggle_button, gboolean is_active)
//创建复选按钮,检查函数同上 GtkWIdget *gtk_check_button_new(void) GtkWIdget *gtk_check_button_new_with_label(const gchar* label) GtkWIdget *gtk_check_button_new_with_mnemonic(const gchar* label)
//创建单选按钮 GtkWidget *gtk_radio_button_new( GSList *group ); GtkWidget *gtk_radio_button_new_from_widget( GtkRadioButton *group ); GtkWidget *gtk_radio_button_new_with_label( GSList *group,const gchar *label ); GtkWidget* gtk_radio_button_new_with_label_from_widget( GtkRadioButton *group,const gchar *label ); GtkWidget *gtk_radio_button_new_with_mnemonic( GSList *group,const gchar *label ); GtkWidget *gtk_radio_button_new_with_mnemonic_from_widget( GtkRadioButton *group,const gchar *label ); //单选按钮的属性 //创建组获取组标识 GSList *gtk_radio_button_get_group(GtkRadioButton *radio_button) //设置组中的单选按钮 GSList *gtk_radio_button_set_group(GtkRadioButton *radio_button)
6.图像控制
//图像控件创建函数 GtkWidget* gtk_image_new(void) GtkWidget* gtk_image_new_file(const gchar* filename) GtkWidget* gtk_image_new_from_pixmap(GdkPixmap *pixmap) GtkWidget* gtk_image_new_from_pixbuf(GdkPixbuf *pixbuf) GtkWidget* gtk_image_new_from_stock(const gchar* stock_id) GtkWidget* gtk_image_new_from_animation(GdkPixbufAnimation *animation) //属性设置 void gtk_image_set_from_pixmap(...) void gtk_image_set_from_image(...) void gtk_image_set_from_file(...) void gtk_image_set_from_pixfuf(...) void gtk_image_set_from_stock(...) void gtk_image_set_from_animation(...) //图片信息获取函数 void gtk_image_get_pixmap(...) void gtk_image_get_image(...) GdkPixbuf* gtk_image_get_pixbuf(...) void gtk_image_get_icon_name(...) GdkPixbufAnimation* gtk_image_get_animation(...) //清空图像 void gtk_image_clear(GtkImage *image)
例子：
View Code
#include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *window;//主窗口 GtkWidget *image; //图像 GtkWidget *vbox; //组装盒 gtk_init(&argc,&argv); window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);//参数表示创建主窗口 g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"Image Demo"); vbox=gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),vbox); image=gtk_image_new_from_file("img.jpg"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),image,TRUE,TRUE,0); image=gtk_image_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_HELP,GTK_ICON_SIZE_MENU); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
7.文本框输入
//单行输入 GtkWidget *gtk_entry_new(void) //属性设置 void gtk_entry_set_max_length(GtkEntry* entry,gint max) gint gtk_entry_get_max_length(GtkEntry* entry) void gtk_entry_set_visibility(GtkEntry* entry,gboolean visible) gboolean gtk_entry_get_visibility(GtkEntry* entry) void gtk_editable_set_editable(GtkEditable* entry, gboolean editable) gboolean gtk_editable_get_editable(GtkEditable* entry) void gtk_entry_set_text(GtkEntry *entry, const gchar* text) const gchar* gtk_entry_get_text(GtkEntry *entry) //多行输入 GtkWidget *gtk_text_new(GtkAdjustment *hadj, GtkAdjustment *vadj) //属性设置 void gtk_text_set_editable(GtkText *text, gboolean editable) void gtk_text_set_adjustments(GtkText *text,GtkAjustment* hadj,GtkAjustment *vadj) void gtk_text_set_word_wrap(GtkText* text,gboolean word_wrap) guint gtk_text_get_point(GtkText *text) void gtk_text_set_point(GtkText *text,guint index) guint gtk_text_get_length(GtkText *text) void gtk_text_insert(GtkText *text,GdkFont *font,GdkColor *fore,GdkColor *back,const char *chars,gint length) //创建滚动条 vscrollbar = gtk_vscrollbar_new(GTK_TEXT(text)->vadj)
例子：
View Code
//laber_demo.c #include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> static void entry_toggle_visibility(GtkWidget *checkbutton,GtkWidget *entry) { gtk_entry_set_visibility(GTK_ENTRY(entry),GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(checkbutton)->active); } void text_toggle_editable(GtkWidget *checkbutton,GtkWidget *text) { gtk_text_set_editable(GTK_TEXT(text),GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(checkbutton)->active); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *window;//主窗口 GtkWidget *vbox; //组装盒 GtkWidget *entry; GtkWidget *vscrollbar; GtkWidget *text; GtkWidget *table; GtkWidget *check; gtk_init(&argc,&argv); window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);//参数表示创建主窗口 g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),G_OBJECT(window)); g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window),"delete_event",G_CALLBACK(gtk_widget_destroy),G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"Entry and Text Demo"); vbox=gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),vbox); entry=gtk_entry_new(); gtk_entry_set_max_length(GTK_ENTRY(entry),30); gtk_entry_set_text(GTK_ENTRY(entry),"this is a entry"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),entry,TRUE,TRUE,0); check=gtk_check_button_new_with_label("Visible"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),check,TRUE,TRUE,0); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window),"toggled",G_CALLBACK(entry_toggle_visibility),(gpointer)entry); gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(check),TRUE); table=gtk_table_new(2,2,FALSE); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),table,TRUE,TRUE,0); text=gtk_text_new(NULL,NULL); gtk_text_set_editable(GTK_TEXT(text),TRUE); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table),text,0,1,0,1, GTK_EXPAND|GTK_SHRINK|GTK_FILL, GTK_EXPAND|GTK_SHRINK|GTK_FILL,0,0); vscrollbar=gtk_vscrollbar_new(GTK_TEXT(text)->vadj); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table),vscrollbar,1,2,0,1, GTK_FILL,GTK_EXPAND|GTK_SHRINK|GTK_FILL,0,0); check=gtk_check_button_new_with_label("Editable"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),check,FALSE,FALSE,0); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(check),"toggled",G_CALLBACK(text_toggle_editable),text); gtk_toggle_button_set_active(GTK_TOGGLE_BUTTON(check),TRUE); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
//注意：编译时候，要添加-DGTK_ENABLE_BROKEN gcc test.c -Wall -o test -DGTK_ENABLE_BROKEN `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-2.0`
以上方法，可以解决下面的关于vscrollbar滚动条的错误：
error: invalid type argument of ‘->’ (have ‘int’)
8.对话框
//对话框结构 struct GtkDialog{ GtkWindow window; //窗口 GtkWidget *vbox; //垂直组装盒 GtkWidget *action_area; //活动区 GtkWidget *separator; //分割线 }; //创建函数 GtkWidget* gtk_dialog_new(void) GtkWidget* gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons(const gchar *title, GtkWindow *parent,
GtkDialogFlags flags,const gchar *first_button_text,...); //添加分割线 void gtk_dialog_set_has_separator(GtkDialog *dialog, gboolean setting) //添加按钮 GtkWidget* gtk_dialog_add_button(GtkDialog *dialog, const gchar *button_text,gint response_id); void gtk_dialog_add_buttons(GtkDialog *dialog,const gchar *first_button_text,...)
为了开发程序方便，GTK在GtkDialog基础上，封装了一些常用的对话框，包括消息对话框（GtkMessageDialog），应用程序信息对话框（GtkAboutDialog），文本选择对话框（GtkFileChooserDialog），字体选择对话框（GtkFontSelectionDialog）等。
例子：
View Code
//laber_demo.c #include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> void destroy(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer *data) { gtk_widget_destroy(GTK_WIDGET(data)); } void button_event(GtkWidget* widget,gpointer *data) { GtkDialog *dialog; GtkWidget *button; dialog=gtk_dialog_new(); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog),"Normal Dialog"); button=gtk_button_new_with_label("YES"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)->action_area),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL); gtk_widget_show(button); button=gtk_button_new_with_label("NO"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)->action_area),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(destroy),dialog); gtk_widget_show(button); gtk_widget_show(dialog); } void show_info_dialog(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer window) { GtkDialog *dialog; dialog=gtk_message_dialog_new(window,GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,GTK_MESSAGE_INFO,GTK_BUTTONS_OK,"infor to show","title"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog),"Information"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } void show_warning_dialog(GtkWidget *widget,gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog=gtk_message_dialog_new(window,GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,GTK_MESSAGE_WARNING,GTK_BUTTONS_OK,"warning infor"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog),"Warning"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *window;//主窗口 GtkWidget *vbox; //组装盒 GtkWidget *button; gtk_init(&argc,&argv); window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);//参数表示创建主窗口 g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window),"Dialog Demo"); vbox=gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,6); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),vbox); button=gtk_button_new_with_label("Exit"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(button_event),NULL); gtk_widget_show(button); button=gtk_button_new_with_label("Infor"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(show_info_dialog),(gpointer)window); gtk_widget_show(button); button=gtk_button_new_with_label("Warning"); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox),button,TRUE,TRUE,0); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(show_warning_dialog),(gpointer)window); gtk_widget_show(button); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
9.文本选择控件
//创建函数 GtkWidget *gtk_file_selection_new(const gchar *title) //属性设置 void gtk_file_selection_set_filename(GtkFileSelection *filesel,const gchar *filename);//设置默认路径，filesel文件选择控件标识，filename设置的目录和文件名 gchar* gtk_file_selection_get_filename(gtkfileselection *filesel);//获取所选文件 void gtk_file_selection_show_fileop_buttons(GtkFileSelection *filesel)//显示文件按钮 void gtk_file_selection_set_select_multiple(GtkFileSelection *filesel,gboolean select_multiple)//设置文件多选模式
例子：
View Code
#include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> void file_ok_sel(GtkWidget *w,GtkFileSelection *fs) { g_print("%s\n",gtk_file_selection_get_filename(GTK_FILE_SELECTION(fs)));//获取文件路径 } int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *filesel; gtk_init(&argc,&argv); filesel=gtk_file_selection_new("File Selection"); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(filesel),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(GTK_FILE_SELECTION(filesel)->ok_button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(file_ok_sel),(gpointer)filesel); g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(GTK_FILE_SELECTION(filesel)->cancel_button),"clicked",G_CALLBACK(gtk_widget_destroy),G_OBJECT(filesel)); //gtk_file_selection_set_filename(GTK_FILE_SELECTION(filesel),"img.jpg"); gtk_widget_show_all(filesel); gtk_main(); return 0; }
10.菜单
GTK中创建菜单需要三个子項，分别为：
- 菜单項GtkMenuItem：就是用户具体要单击的对象
- 菜单Menu：菜单項的容器，用于将创建好的菜单項添加到菜单中
- 菜单栏GtkMenuBar：菜单的容器，用于组织各个菜单
//创建菜单 GtkWIdget* gtk_menu_new(void) //创建菜单项 GtkWidget* gtk_menu_item_new(void) GtkWidget* gtk_menu_item_new_with_label(const gchar *label) GtkWidget* gtk_menu_item_new_with_mnemonic(const gchar *label) //创建菜单栏 GtkWidget* gtk_menu_new(void)
下面介绍如何将上面的菜单栏，菜单和菜单項组合成一个菜单控件。
要将菜单項放到一个菜单中，首先需要创建一个菜单的根菜单項，即根条目，在菜单被下拉时才显示所有的菜单項。其他菜单項则组织为根菜单項的子菜单。
可以使用追加或者插入等函数将菜单放到一个菜单中，具体函数宏定义如下：
//将菜单項追加到菜单項列表的最后位置 #define gtk_menu_append(menu,child) gtk_menu_shell_append((GtkMenuShell *)(menu),(child)) //将菜单項添加到菜单項列表的开始位置 #define gtk_menu_prepend(menu,child) gtk_menu_shell_prepend((GtkMenuShell *)(menu),(child)) //将菜单項添加到菜单項列表的指定位置 #define gtk_menu_insert(menu,child,pos) gtk_menu_shell_insert((GtkMenuShell *)(menu),(child),(pos)) //将根菜单項与子菜单項进行关联 void gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GtkMenuItem *menu_item,GtkWidget* submenu) //将菜单項加到菜单栏 #define gtk_menu_bar_append(menu,child) gtk_menu_shell_append((GtkMenuShell *)(menu),(child)) #define gtk_menu_bar_prepend(menu,child) gtk_menu_shell_prepend((GtkMenuShell *)(menu),(child)) #define gtk_menu_bar_insert(menu,child,pos) gtk_menu_shell_insert((GtkMenuShell *)(menu),(child),(pos))
总结主要步骤：
- 用gtk_menu_new()函数创建一个新的菜单
- 创建菜单上需要的菜单项，将菜单項添加到菜单上
- 用gtk_menu_item_new()函数创建一个根菜单項
- 用gtk_menu_item_set_submenu()函数将菜单绑定到根菜单項
- 用gtk_menu_bar_new()函数创建一个新的菜单栏
- 用gtk_menu_bar_append()函数将根菜单項放到菜单栏上
例子：
View Code
//MENU_demo.c #include <stdio.h> #include <gtk/gtk.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *h_box; GtkWidget *menu_item,*root_menuitem; GtkWidget *menu; GtkWidget *menu_bar; gtk_init(&argc,&argv); window=gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_widget_set_usize(window,400,200); g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(window),"destroy",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL); h_box=gtk_vbox_new(FALSE,5); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window),h_box); menu_bar=gtk_menu_bar_new(); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(h_box),menu_bar,FALSE,TRUE,0); menu=gtk_menu_new(); menu_item=gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("打开"); gtk_menu_append(GTK_MENU(menu),menu_item); menu_item=gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("保存"); gtk_menu_append(GTK_MENU(menu),menu_item); menu_item=gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("退出"); gtk_menu_append(GTK_MENU(menu),menu_item); g_signal_connect(GTK_OBJECT(menu_item),"active",G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit),NULL); root_menuitem=gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("文件"); gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GTK_MENU_ITEM(root_menuitem),menu); gtk_menu_bar_append(GTK_MENU_BAR(menu_bar),root_menuitem); root_menuitem=gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("编辑"); gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GTK_MENU_ITEM(root_menuitem),menu); gtk_menu_bar_append(GTK_MENU_BAR(menu_bar),root_menuitem); root_menuitem=gtk_menu_item_new_with_label("帮助"); gtk_menu_item_set_submenu(GTK_MENU_ITEM(root_menuitem),menu); gtk_menu_bar_append(GTK_MENU_BAR(menu_bar),root_menuitem); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; }
11.容器与布局
组装盒：
//创建组装盒 GtkWIght* gtk_hbox_new(gboolean homogeneous, gint spacing)//横向 GtkWIght* gtk_vbox_new(gboolean homogeneous, gint spacing)//纵向 //加入控件 void gtk_box_pack_start(GtkBox *box,GtkWidget *child,gboolean expand,gboolean fill,guint padding);//放在顶部或左边 void gtk_box_pack_end(GtkBox *box,GtkWidget *child,gboolean expand,gboolean fill,guint padding);//放在下部或右边 //box为组装盒,expend为可填充控件,fill是否充分利用空间,padding控件周围保留的间距 //除此之外，还有按钮盒(GtkButtonBox)
表格：
//创建表格 GtkWidget* gtk_table_new(guint rows, guint columns, gboolean homogeneous) //添加控件表格的参数 void gtk_table_attach(GtkTable *table, GtkWidget *child, guint left_attach,guint right_attach,guint top_attach,guint botton_attach,GtkAttahOptions xoptions,GtkAttachOptions yoptions,guint xpadding,guint ypadding); void gtk_table_attach_default(GtkTable *table, GtkWidget *child, guint left_attach,guint right_attach,guint top_attach,guint botton_attach); //table表名，child控件名 //属性设置 void gtk_table_set_row_spacing(...) guint gtk_table_get_row_spacing(...) void gtk_table_set_col_spacing(...) guint gtk_table_get_col_spacing(...) guint gtk_table_get_default_row_spacing(...) guint gtk_table_get_default_col_spacing(...) void gtk_table_set_homogeneous(...) gboolean gtk_table_get_homogeneous(...)
此外，还有固定容器（GtkFixed），布局容器（GtkLayout），分割面板容器（GtkPaned），分页容器（GtkNotebook）,这四种容器可以参考这里。
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