java 操作 Excel 方法，java如何操作excel

java 操作 Excel 最常用的就是JXL(java excel api)和POI，今先看下JXL吧。首先可以到 http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html 下载最新的jxl.jar，里面有它的jar包和API，内有一个小例子，可以参考一下。

 

    JXL 用起来挺简单的，不过相应的其功能也并不是十分强大，对于一般的简单的excel操作还可以，对于太复杂的还是有些吃力，基本的操作也就是以下几项内容。

 

    首先，要创建一个可读写的工作簿（WritableWorkbook）：

WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test.xls"));

WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test.xls"));

 

    如果是想要修改一个已存在的excel工作簿，则需要先获得它的原始工作簿，再创建一个可读写的副本：

Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
 WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本

Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本

 

    然后，取得我们要操作的sheet，并对其进行相应的操作，如改名、合并单元格、设置列宽、行高等:

WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
 sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
 workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
 workbook.removeSheet(3);

 sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
 sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
 sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
 sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度

WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
workbook.removeSheet(3);
		
sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度

 

    之后，就是对单元格的操作了，可以通过如下方法获取一个单元格，其中两个参数分别为列、行的位置，从0开始计数，如（2,3）就代表单元格C4：

WritableCell cell = sheet.getWritableCell(2,3);

WritableCell cell = sheet.getWritableCell(2,3);

 

    通过WritableFont、WritableCellFormat等对象可以设置单元格的字体、样式等外观：

WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
                             20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,   // 字号
                             WritableFont.NO_BOLD,                  // 粗体
                             false,                                 // 斜体
                             UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,            // 下划线
                             Colour.BLUE2,                       // 字体颜色
                            ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
 WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
 wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
 wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
 wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
				 			20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,   // 字号
				 			WritableFont.NO_BOLD,			       // 粗体
				 			false,							       // 斜体
				 			UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,			// 下划线
				 			Colour.BLUE2,						// 字体颜色
				 			ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

 

    在jxl中，有几种常用的数据类型，根据单元格内数据类型的不同，每个WritableCell可以根据其类型被转换为它的一个子类型，以便对不同类型的数据进行专门的处理，通常可以做这样的转换：

WritableCell fromCell = sheet0.getWritableCell(j, i);

 if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Number) {
    jxl.write.Number num = (jxl.write.Number) fromCell;
 } else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
    jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) fromCell;
 } else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
    jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) fromCell;
 } else if(fromCell instanceof Label){
    Label _label = (Label) fromCell;
}

WritableCell fromCell = sheet0.getWritableCell(j, i);

if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Number) {
	jxl.write.Number num = (jxl.write.Number) fromCell;
} else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
	jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) fromCell;
} else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
	jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) fromCell;
} else if(fromCell instanceof Label){
	Label _label = (Label) fromCell;
}

 

    当然，操作完成之后一定不要忘了刷新（或者叫写入？）和关掉工作簿：

workbook.write();
workbook.close();

 workbook.write();
 workbook.close();

 

 

下面是参考jxl api里那个例子写的，把我自己觉得常用的excel操作基本都包含了：

package test;

 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Calendar;
 import java.util.Date;

 import jxl.CellType;
 import jxl.Workbook;
 import jxl.format.Alignment;
 import jxl.format.Border;
 import jxl.format.BorderLineStyle;
 import jxl.format.Colour;
 import jxl.format.ScriptStyle;
 import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
 import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
 import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
 import jxl.write.Blank;
 import jxl.write.DateFormat;
 import jxl.write.DateFormats;
 import jxl.write.DateTime;
 import jxl.write.Formula;
 import jxl.write.Label;
 import jxl.write.Number;
 import jxl.write.NumberFormat;
 import jxl.write.WritableCell;
 import jxl.write.WritableCellFeatures;
 import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
 import jxl.write.WritableFont;
 import jxl.write.WritableHyperlink;
 import jxl.write.WritableImage;
 import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
 import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
 import jxl.write.WriteException;

 /**
 *
 * @author why
 *
 */
 public class ExcelTest {

     /**
     * @param args
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws BiffException
     * @throws WriteException
     */
     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, BiffException, WriteException {
         Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
         WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本


         /**
         * 定义与设置Sheet
         */
         WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
         sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
         workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
         workbook.removeSheet(3);

         sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
         sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
         sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
         sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度

          WritableCell cell = null;
          WritableCellFormat wcf = null;
          Label label = null;
          WritableCellFeatures wcfeatures = null;

          // 更改标题字体
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,0);
          WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
                                                  20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,  // 字号
                                                  WritableFont.NO_BOLD,                  // 粗体
                                                  false,                                 // 斜体
                                                  UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,           // 下划线
                                                  Colour.BLUE2,                          // 字体颜色
                                                 ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
          wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
          wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
          wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B3的字体改为仿宋_GB2312
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,2);
          WritableFont fs = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),
                                            11);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(fs);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B4的字号改为20
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,3);
          WritableFont size20 = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
                                                20);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(size20);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B5的字体改为加粗
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,4);
          WritableFont bold = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
                                                11,
                                               WritableFont.BOLD);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(bold);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B6的字体改为倾斜
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,5);
          WritableFont italic = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
                                                 11,
                                                WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
                                                 true);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(italic);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B7字体加下划线
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,6);
          WritableFont underline = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
                                                    11,
                                                   WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
                                                    false,
                                                   UnderlineStyle.SINGLE);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(underline);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B8的文字改为“待修改文字-已修改”
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,7);
          if (cell.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
         {
             Label lc = (Label) cell;
              lc.setString(lc.getString() + " - 已修改");
         }

          // 将B9文字对齐方式改为垂直居中、右对齐
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,8);
          WritableFont align = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
                                                   11);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(align);
          wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.RIGHT); // 设置为右对齐
          wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE); // 设置为垂直居中
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将E3文字改为自动换行
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(4,2);
          WritableFont justify = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
                                                   11);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(justify);
         wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.JUSTIFY);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);


          // 将B12的数字有效位数从5位改为7位
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,11);
          NumberFormat sevendps = new NumberFormat("#.0000000");
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(sevendps);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B13改为4位科学计数法表示
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,12);
          NumberFormat exp4 = new NumberFormat("0.####E0");
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(exp4);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B14改为默认数字表示
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,13);
         cell.setCellFormat(WritableWorkbook.NORMAL_STYLE);

          // 将B15数字类型的值17改为22
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,14);
          if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
         {
             Number n = (Number) cell;
              n.setValue(42);
         }

          // 将B16的值2.71进行加法运算2.71 + 0.1
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,15);
          if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
         {
             Number n = (Number) cell;
              n.setValue(n.getValue() + 0.1);
         }

          // 将B19日期格式改为默认
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,18);
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(DateFormats.FORMAT9);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B20日期格式改为dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,19);
          DateFormat df = new DateFormat("dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss");
          wcf = new WritableCellFormat(df);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

          // 将B21的日期设置为 2011-6-1 11:18:50
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,20);
          if (cell.getType() == CellType.DATE)
         {
             DateTime dt = (DateTime) cell;
             Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
              cal.set(2011, 5, 1, 11, 18, 50);
             Date d = cal.getTime();
             dt.setDate(d);
         }


          // 将B24文字添加链接http://www.baidu.com
          WritableHyperlink link = new WritableHyperlink(1, 23, new URL("http://www.baidu.com"));
         sheet.addHyperlink(link);

          // 更改URL链接
         WritableHyperlink hyperlinks[] = sheet.getWritableHyperlinks();
          for (int i = 0; i < hyperlinks.length; i++) {
             WritableHyperlink wh = hyperlinks[i];
              if (wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 24) {
                  // 将B25文字链接取消
                  sheet.removeHyperlink(wh,true);//true：保留文字；false：删除文字
              }else if(wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 25){
                  try {
                      // 将B26链接更改为http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com
                      wh.setURL(new URL("http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com"));
                  } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
             }
         }


          // 利用公式取得B29、B30的值
          Formula f1 = new Formula(1, 28, "SUM(C29:D29)");
         sheet.addCell(f1);
          Formula f2 = new Formula(1, 29, "AVERAGE(C30:G30)");
         sheet.addCell(f2);

          // 在B32处添加图片，图片大小占10行3列，只支持png格式
          File file = new File("d:\\shu05.png");
          WritableImage image = new WritableImage(1, 31, 3, 10, file);
         sheet.addImage(image);

          // 在A44出添加内容"Added drop down validation"，并为其添加注释
          label = new Label(0, 43, "Added drop down validation");
          wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
          wcfeatures.setComment("右边列是个下拉列表");
         label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
         sheet.addCell(label);

          // 在B44处添加一个下拉列表并添加注释
          Blank b = new Blank(1, 43);
          wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
          ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
          al.add("why");
          al.add("landor");
          al.add("tjm");
         wcfeatures.setDataValidationList(al);
          wcfeatures.setComment("这是一个注释");
         b.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
         sheet.addCell(b);

          // 为A46添加注释。
          // 此处比较麻烦，试了多次发现必须将cell强制类型转换、添加CellFeatures再修改注释才可用，不知有没有更好的办法。
          cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,45);
          wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
          wcfeatures.setComment("这个注释不会被显示，删了这行还不行,MD");
         cell.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);

         label = (Label) cell;
 //       label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);// 直接这样写会报一个警告（“注释已存在”），但那个注释仍会被显示。
         label.addCellFeatures();
          label.getWritableCellFeatures().setComment("终于加上注释了，哈哈哈哈");


 //      if (cell instanceof Number) {
 //          Number num = (Number) cell;
 //          num.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
 //      } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
 //          jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) cell;
 //          bool.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
 //      } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
 //          jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) cell;
 //          dt.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
 //      } else {
 //          Label _label = (Label) cell;
 //          _label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
 //      }

         workbook.write();
         workbook.close();
         wb.close();
    }

}

package test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

import jxl.CellType;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.format.Alignment;
import jxl.format.Border;
import jxl.format.BorderLineStyle;
import jxl.format.Colour;
import jxl.format.ScriptStyle;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
import jxl.write.Blank;
import jxl.write.DateFormat;
import jxl.write.DateFormats;
import jxl.write.DateTime;
import jxl.write.Formula;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.Number;
import jxl.write.NumberFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableCell;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFeatures;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableFont;
import jxl.write.WritableHyperlink;
import jxl.write.WritableImage;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;

/**
 * 
 * @author why
 *
 */
public class ExcelTest {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 * @throws IOException 
	 * @throws BiffException 
	 * @throws WriteException 
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, BiffException, WriteException {
		Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
		WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本
		
		
		/**
		 * 定义与设置Sheet
		 */
		WritableSheet sheet = workbook.get