Spring事务配置的五种方式
前段时间对Spring 的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring 的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring 的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：
Spring 配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource 、TransactionManager 和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource 、TransactionManager 这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate 进行数据访问 时，DataSource 实际为SessionFactory ，TransactionManager 的实现为 HibernateTransactionManager 。
具体如下图：
根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring 事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
第一种方式：每个Bean 都有一个代理
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="userDao"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
< property name ="proxyInterfaces" value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes">
< props >
< prop key ="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
第二种方式：所有Bean 共享一个代理基类
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="transactionBase"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
lazy-init ="true" abstract ="true">
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes">
< props >
< prop key ="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDaoTarget" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="userDao" parent ="transactionBase" >
< property name ="target" ref ="userDaoTarget" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
第三种方式：使用拦截器
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< bean id ="transactionInterceptor"
class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
< property name ="transactionManager" ref ="transactionManager" />
<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
< property name ="transactionAttributes">
< props >
< prop key ="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
< bean class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
< property name ="beanNames">
< list >
< value > *Dao </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property name ="interceptorNames">
< list >
< value > transactionInterceptor </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >
<!-- 配置DAO -->
< bean id ="userDao" class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
第四种方式：使用tx 标签配置的拦截器
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
< tx:advice id ="txAdvice" transaction-manager ="transactionManager">
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name ="*" propagation ="REQUIRED" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id ="interceptorPointCuts"
expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />
< aop:advisor advice-ref ="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts" />
</ aop:config >
</ beans >
第五种方式：全注解
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package ="com.bluesky" />
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager ="transactionManager"/>
< bean id ="sessionFactory"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
< property name ="configLocation" value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
< property name ="configurationClass" value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
</ bean >
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
< bean id ="transactionManager"
class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
< property name ="sessionFactory" ref ="sessionFactory" />
</ bean >
</ beans >
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：
package com.bluesky.spring.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {
public List<User> listUsers() {
return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
}
}