Posted: October 2, 2009 | Author: WaterSky | Follow Me: My Profile
感谢:http://code.google.com/p/androidbmi/wiki/BmiRefactor写的非常的好,通俗易懂而又不显啰嗦,真是恰到好处啊!
本文仅以代码说话,主要是方便自己回想这样重构的好处,记录一下自己重构过程中的思路逻辑,更多的文字介绍请看前面那个链接!
Step1:抽取所有界面元件的声明和定义,整合到单独一个函数findViews()中;
// 声明
private Button button_calc;
private EditText field_height;
private EditText field_weight;
private TextView view_result;
private TextView view_suggest;
// 定义
private void findViews() {
button_calc = (Button) findViewById(R.id.submit);
field_height = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.height);
field_weight = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.weight);
view_result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
view_suggest = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.suggest);
}
此部分即是MVC中的V:View视图。
Step2:抽取程序的逻辑(即界面元件的处理逻辑),整合到函数setListensers()中;
//Listen for button clicks
private void setListensers() {
button_calc.setOnClickListener(calcBMI);
}
此部分即是MVC中的C:Controller控制器。
接着,onCreate()就显得非常简洁、明了了:
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
findViews();
setListensers();
}
Step3:修改按钮监听器calcBMI中相应的部分(主要是变量已经在视图部分定义了);
private OnClickListener calcBMI = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
DecimalFormat nf = new DecimalFormat("0.00");
double height = Double.parseDouble(field_height.getText().toString())/100;
double weight = Double.parseDouble(field_weight.getText().toString());
double BMI = weight / (height * height);
//Present result
view_result.setText("Your BMI is " + nf.format(BMI));
//Give health advice
if(BMI>25){
view_suggest.setText(R.string.advice_heavy);
} else if(BMI<20){
view_suggest.setText(R.string.advice_light);
} else{
view_suggest.setText(R.string.advice_average);
}
}
};
Step4:修剪一下“细枝末节”;
1) calcBMI的修改:
private OnClickListener calcBMI = new OnClickListener() {
……
}
改成如下:
private Button.OnClickListener calcBMI = new Button.OnClickListener() {
……
}
gasolin的解释是:
同樣是「calcBMI」 函式,在完整程式中,改將「calcBMI」 函式從原本的「OnClickListener」宣告成 「Button.OnClickListener」。這個改變有什麼差別呢?
閱讀原本的程式碼,在匯入(import)的部分可以看到,「OnClickListener」是來自於「android.view.View.OnClickListener」函式:
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
改成 「Button.OnClickListener」後,「Button.OnClickListener」就變成來自於「android.widget.Button」中的「OnClickListener」函式,在查閱程式時,整個「Button」與「OnClickListener」之間的關係變得更清晰。
2) 字符串统一引用XML中的描述符:
//Present result
view_result.setText("Your BMI is " + nf.format(BMI));
改成如下:
//Present result
view_result.setText(getText(R.string.bmi_result) + nf.format(BMI));
总之,此重构的目的无非是使程序的脉络更加清晰,即让人一眼望去,就能很容易地分辨出界面(View)应该写在哪里,程序逻辑(Controller)应该写在哪里,最终使维护和扩展代码变得更加容易!
其实,重构很简单,通读代码,感觉哪边不太爽,就改那边吧!(我目前的感受)
一个良好的代码应该是能让人感到舒服的!
附录:
1) 重构前的代码Bmi.java:
package com.demo.android.bmi;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Bmi extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//Listen for button clicks
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.submit);
button.setOnClickListener(calcBMI);
}
private OnClickListener calcBMI = new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
DecimalFormat nf = new DecimalFormat("0.00");
EditText fieldheight = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.height);
EditText fieldweight = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.weight);
double height = Double.parseDouble(fieldheight.getText().toString())/100;
double weight = Double.parseDouble(fieldweight.getText().toString());
double BMI = weight / (height * height);
TextView result = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.result);
result.setText("Your BMI is " + nf.format(BMI));
//Give health advice
TextView fieldsuggest = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.suggest);
if(BMI>25){
fieldsuggest.setText(R.string.advice_heavy);
} else if(BMI<20){
fieldsuggest.setText(R.string.advice_light);
} else{
fieldsuggest.setText(R.string.advice_average);
}
}
};
}
2) 重构后的代码Bmi.java:
package com.demo.android.bmi;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Bmi extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
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