mysql读写分离
近来公司做了一个计费系统，每天产生的CDR数据较多，数据读写要求比较高，在此基础上，采用了数据读写分离策略，来缓解数据库的压力。
应用环境
1、mysql-proxy，采用了开发框架amoeba，mysql-proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略，实现数据的读写分离。
2、数据库集群环境，database集群采用了mysql的master-slave的replication方案。
3、客户端的应用程序，基于c3p0连接mysql-proxy。
结构示意图
实战
一、搭建mysql的master-slave环境
1、分别在192.168.1.132（master）和192.168.1.128（slave）安装mysql数据库，本实例在CentOS5.3的环境下，mysql数据库为mysql-5.1.51.tar.gz版本。
2、配置master
a、修改master的/etc/my.cnf文件，添加
log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1 #master的标示
binlog-do-db = billing #用于master-slave的具体数据库
b、开启mysql的日志文件，方便排错（可选）
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/error.log #错误日志
log=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.log #查询日志
long_query_time=2 #慢查询日志，指执行超过多久的sql会被log下来，这里是2秒
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/log/slowquery.log #将查询返回较慢的语句进行记录
c、为slave添加一个replication用户，授权
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected] identified by '123456'
d、重启mysql服务，查看master的状态
mysql> show master status; +-----------------------+------------+-------------------+-----------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +-----------------------+------------+-------------------+-----------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 106 | billing | | +-----------------------+------------+-------------------+-----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、配置salve
a、修改slave的/etc/my.cnf文件，添加
server-id=2 #slave的标示
b、开启mysql的日志文件，方便排错（可选）
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/log/error.log #错误日志
log=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.log #查询日志
long_query_time=2 #慢查询日志，指执行超过多久的sql会被log下来，这里是2秒
log-slow-queries=/usr/local/mysql/log/slowquery.log #将查询返回较慢的语句进行记录
c、重启mysql服务，配置与master的连接
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.132',
-> MASTER_USER='repl',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
注：MASTER_HOST是master机的ip，MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户，MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息
d、启动slave
mysql>start slave;
4、验证master-salve环境是否搭配成功
通过查看slave日志（/usr/local/mysql/log/error.log）
有如下信息则表示成功
100703 10:51:42 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master '[email protected]:3306', replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000005' at position 106
没有成功则通过日志文件查看并解决问题
二、搭建mysql-proxy环境
本实例采用了amoeba作为mysql的代理服务器，版本为amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA，下装与安装详细参见官方本档，proxy服务器的IP为192.168.1.120
配置amoeba，/usr/local/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/amoeba.xm
a、提供客户端应用程序的数据库配置
<server> <!-- proxy server绑定的端口 --> <property name="port">8066</property> <!-- proxy server绑定的IP --> <!-- <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property> --> <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size --> <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property> <!-- proxy server client process thread size --> <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property> <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size --> <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property> <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K) --> <property name="netBufferSize">128</property> <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). --> <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property> <!-- 对外验证的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 对外验证的密码 --> <property name="password">123abc</property> </server>
b、配置proxy与数据库服务器之间的连接
<dbServerList> <!-- 一台mysqlServer 需要配置一个pool， 如果多台 平等的mysql需要进行loadBalance， 平台已经提供一个具有负载均衡能力的objectPool：com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MultipleServerPool 简单的配置是属性加上 virtual="true",该Pool 不允许配置factoryConfig 或者自己写一个ObjectPool。 --> <dbServer name="server1"> <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 --> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="manager">defaultManager</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 --> <property name="port">3306</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP --> <property name="ipAddress">192.168.1.132</property> <property name="schema">billing</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 --> <property name="password">123456</property> </factoryConfig> <!-- ObjectPool实现类 --> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"> <property name="maxActive">200</property> <property name="maxIdle">200</property> <property name="minIdle">10</property> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property> <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property> <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> <dbServer name="multiPool1" virtual="true"> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool"> <!-- 负载均衡参数 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA--> <property name="loadbalance">1</property> <!-- 参与该pool负载均衡的poolName列表以逗号分割 --> <property name="poolNames">server1</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> <dbServer name="server2"> <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 --> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="manager">defaultManager</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 --> <property name="port">3306</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP --> <property name="ipAddress">192.168.1.128</property> <property name="schema">billing</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 --> <property name="password">123456</property> </factoryConfig> <!-- ObjectPool实现类 --> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"> <property name="maxActive">200</property> <property name="maxIdle">200</property> <property name="minIdle">10</property> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property> <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property> <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> <dbServer name="multiPool2" virtual="true"> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool"> <!-- 负载均衡参数 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA--> <property name="loadbalance">1</property> <!-- 参与该pool负载均衡的poolName列表以逗号分割 --> <property name="poolNames">server2</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> </dbServerList>
c、配置proxy读写分离
<property name="ruleConfig">${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml</property>
<property name="functionConfig">${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml</property>
<property name="ruleFunctionConfig">${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml</property>
<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
<property name="defaultPool">server1</property>
<property name="writePool">server1</property>
<property name="readPool">server2</property>
<property name="needParse">true</property>
</queryRouter>
d、运行mysql-proxy
[root@localhost etc]#./usr/local/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/bin/amoeba
有如下提示表示启动成功
[app@SIMBANK /]$ ./home/app/java/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/bin/amoeba log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:/home/app/java/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/log4j.xml log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:/home/app/java/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf 2011-05-13 11:37:54,888 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三、测试
a、编辑测试程序，本实例采用基于SSH框架的应用程序进行测试，具体代码略，数据库连接配置如下:
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.120:8066/billing" />
<property name="user" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="123abc" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />
<property name="maxStatements" value="0" />
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />
<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />
<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />
</bean>
b、测试插入数据
Hibernate:
insert
into
tf_user
(name, password)
values
(?, ?)
查看master日志文件
5 Query set names latin1
5 Query SET NAMES latin1
5 Query SET character_set_results = NULL
5 Query SET autocommit=1
5 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
5 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
5 Query SET autocommit=0
5 Query insert into tf_user (name, password) values ('china', 'china')
5 Query commit
5 Query SET autocommit=1
查看slave日志文件
110513 11:55:32 5 Query SELECT @@session.tx_isolation
110513 11:55:33 2 Query insert into tf_user (name, password) values ('china', 'china')
说明实现了master上的writer操作，同时master向slave进行了replication操作
c、查询数据
Hibernate:
select
this_.id as id6_0_,
this_.name as name6_0_,
this_.password as password6_0_
from
tf_user this_
查看slave日志文件
5 Query select this_.id as id6_0_, this_.name as name6_0_, this_.password as password6_0_ from tf_user this_
综上所述，一个简单的mysql读写分离项目已经完成。