我们在 MyEclipse中创建一个名为 jfreechart的 Web工程。将下载的 JFreeChart1.0.6下 lib目录下的 jar包拷贝到 WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib目录下。另外还需要在 web.xml文件中增加如下配置:
<servlet> <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/DisplayChart</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ page import="org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory,org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart,org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation, org.jfree.chart.servlet.ServletUtilities,org.jfree.data.category.DefaultCategoryDataset"%> <% DefaultCategoryDataset dataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset(); dataset.addValue(510, "深圳", "苹果"); dataset.addValue(320, "深圳", "香蕉"); dataset.addValue(580, "深圳", "橘子"); dataset.addValue(390, "深圳", "梨子"); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D("水果销量统计图", "水果", "销量", dataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, false, false, false); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 420, 300, null, session); String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename; %> <img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=420 height=300 border=0>在浏览器中输入地址: http://localhost:8080/jfree/bar/pillar1.jsp ,可看到如下3D柱状图:
上面的这个柱状图比较简单,稍显单调,在有些情况下,我们需要用不同颜色来表示不同的种类,或者在种类上标上具体数值,亦或需要加上3D水晶效果。下面让我们来做更深一步的探讨。接下来让我们看一个用不同颜色来表示不通种类的例子。在WebRoot的bar目录下新建pillar2.jsp页面,将其代码修改如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ page import="org.jfree.chart.*,org.jfree.data.category.*, org.jfree.chart.servlet.*,org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation,org.jfree.data.general.DatasetUtilities"%> <% double[][] data = new double[][] {{1320}, {720}, {830}, {400}}; String[] rowKeys = {"苹果", "香蕉", "橘子", "梨子"}; String[] columnKeys = {""}; CategoryDataset dataset = DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys, columnKeys, data); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D("水果销量统计图", "水果", "销量", dataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, false, false); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 450, 300, null, session); String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename; %> <img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=450 height=300 border=0>
运行pillar2.jsp页面的效果如下图所示:
对比该例与前例,可看出createBarChart3D的倒数第三个参数修改成了true,该参数可用来显示下方的用例。上两例我们显示的只是一个城市的水果销量,有时候我们有对比显示多个城市的不同肉类,只要将上例稍作修改即可。例如要在图中表示鹤壁、西安、深圳、北京四个城市的四种水果的销售情况,只需要将如下三句稍做修改:
double[][] data = new double[][] {{1230,1110,1120,1210}, {720,750,860,800}, {830,780,790,700,}, {400,380,390,450}}; String[] rowKeys = {"苹果", "香蕉", "橘子", "梨子"}; String[] columnKeys = {"鹤壁","西安","深圳","北京"};
运行pillar3.jsp页面,可看到如下界面:
上述几例中,在某个柱子上都没有显示相应的数值,下面让我们为每个柱子都加上它的数值,我们新建一个pillar4.jsp页面,其内容如下:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ page import="org.jfree.chart.*,org.jfree.chart.plot.*,org.jfree.chart.labels.*, org.jfree.data.category.*,java.awt.*,org.jfree.ui.*,org.jfree.chart.renderer.category.BarRenderer3D, org.jfree.chart.servlet.*,org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation,org.jfree.data.general.DatasetUtilities"%> <% double[][] data = new double[][] {{1230,1110,1120,1210}, {720,750,860,800}, {830,780,790,700,}, {400,380,390,450}}; String[] rowKeys = {"苹果", "香蕉", "橘子", "梨子"}; String[] columnKeys = {"鹤壁","西安","深圳","北京"}; CategoryDataset dataset = DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys, columnKeys, data); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart3D("水果销量统计图", "水果", "销量", dataset, PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, true, true, false); CategoryPlot plot = chart.getCategoryPlot(); //设置网格背景颜色 plot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); //设置网格竖线颜色 plot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.pink); //设置网格横线颜色 plot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.pink); //显示每个柱的数值,并修改该数值的字体属性 BarRenderer3D renderer = new BarRenderer3D(); renderer.setBaseItemLabelGenerator(new StandardCategoryItemLabelGenerator()); renderer.setBaseItemLabelsVisible(true); //默认的数字显示在柱子中,通过如下两句可调整数字的显示 //注意:此句很关键,若无此句,那数字的显示会被覆盖,给人数字没有显示出来的问题 renderer.setBasePositiveItemLabelPosition(new ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor.OUTSIDE12, TextAnchor.BASELINE_LEFT)); renderer.setItemLabelAnchorOffset(10D); //设置每个地区所包含的平行柱的之间距离 renderer.setItemMargin(0.4); plot.setRenderer(renderer); //设置地区、销量的显示位置 //将下方的“肉类”放到上方 //plot.setDomainAxisLocation(AxisLocation.TOP_OR_RIGHT); //将默认放在左边的“销量”放到右方 //plot.setRangeAxisLocation(AxisLocation.BOTTOM_OR_RIGHT); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 500, 300, null, session); String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename; %> <img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=530 height=320 border=0>
运行pillar4.jsp页面的效果如下图所示:
以上4个案例都是纵向的柱子。下面在看一个横向的列子:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <%@ page import="org.jfree.chart.*,org.jfree.chart.plot.*,org.jfree.chart.labels.*, org.jfree.data.category.*,java.awt.*,org.jfree.ui.*,org.jfree.chart.renderer.category.BarRenderer, org.jfree.chart.servlet.*,org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation"%> <% DefaultCategoryDataset dataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset(); dataset.addValue(390, "中国", "河南"); dataset.addValue(220, "中国", "河北"); dataset.addValue(510, "中国", "辽宁"); dataset.addValue(580, "中国", "山东"); dataset.addValue(320, "中国", "山西"); dataset.addValue(410, "中国", "陕西"); JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createBarChart("苹果年产量统计图", "省份", "产量(万吨)", dataset, PlotOrientation.HORIZONTAL, false, false, false); CategoryPlot plot = chart.getCategoryPlot(); //设置网格背景颜色 plot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); //设置网格竖线颜色 plot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.pink); //设置网格横线颜色 plot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.pink); //显示每个柱的数值,并修改该数值的字体属性 BarRenderer renderer = new BarRenderer(); renderer.setBaseItemLabelGenerator(new StandardCategoryItemLabelGenerator()); renderer.setBaseItemLabelsVisible(true); //默认的数字显示在柱子中,通过如下两句可调整数字的显示 //注意:此句很关键,若无此句,那数字的显示会被覆盖,给人数字没有显示出来的问题 renderer.setBasePositiveItemLabelPosition(new ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor.OUTSIDE3, TextAnchor.BASELINE_RIGHT)); renderer.setItemLabelAnchorOffset(20D); plot.setRenderer(renderer); String filename = ServletUtilities.saveChartAsPNG(chart, 500, 300, null, session); String graphURL = request.getContextPath() + "/DisplayChart?filename=" + filename; %> <img src="<%= graphURL %>" width=500 height=300 border=0>
运行pillar5.jsp效果如下:
至此关于柱状图的列子先到这里。后面会在写饼图和曲线图。敬请期待。
注意:jfreechart的很多版本不兼容,请大家在运行此例时确认下载了对应的版本。