构建高性能web之路------mysql读写分离实战

一个完整的mysql读写分离环境包括以下几个部分：

应用程序client
database proxy
database集群
在本次实战中，应用程序client基于c3p0连接后端的database proxy。database proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略，采用开源框架amoeba。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整个环境的结构图如下所示：



实战步骤与详解

一.搭建mysql的master-slave环境

1）分别在host1（10.20.147.110）和host2（10.20.147.111）上安装mysql（5.0.45），具体安装方法可见官方文档

2）配置master

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf，添加以下配置：

log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1 #master的标示
binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用于master-slave的具体数据库

然后添加专门用于replication的用户：

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO [email protected] IDENTIFIED BY '111111';

重启mysql，使得配置生效：

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

最后查看master状态：



3）配置slave

首先编辑/etc/my.cnf，添加以下配置：

server-id=2 #slave的标示

配置生效后，配置与master的连接：

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='10.20.147.110',
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;

其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip，MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户，MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息

最后启动slave：

mysql> start slave;

4）验证master-slave搭建生效

通过查看slave机的log（/var/log/mysqld.log）：

100703 10:51:42 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master '[email protected]:3306',  replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261

如看到以上信息则证明搭建成功，如果有问题也可通过此log找原因

二.搭建database proxy

此次实战中database proxy采用amoeba ，它的相关信息可以查阅官方文档，不在此详述

1）安装amoeba

下载amoeba（1.2.0-GA）后解压到本地（D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA），即完成安装

2）配置amoeba

先配置proxy连接和与各后端mysql服务器连接信息（D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\amoeba.xml）：

<server>  
    <!-- proxy server绑定的端口 -->  
    <property name="port">8066</property>  
       
    <!-- proxy server绑定的IP -->  
    <!--   
    <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>  
     -->  
    <!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->  
    <property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>  
       
    <!-- proxy server client process thread size -->  
    <property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  
       
    <!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->  
    <property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>  
       
    <!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K)  -->  
    <property name="netBufferSize">128</property>  
       
    <!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->  
    <property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>  
       
    <!-- 对外验证的用户名 -->  
    <property name="user">root</property>  
       
    <!-- 对外验证的密码 -->  
    <property name="password">root</property>  
</server>  
<server>
	<!-- proxy server绑定的端口 -->
	<property name="port">8066</property>
	
	<!-- proxy server绑定的IP -->
	<!-- 
	<property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
	 -->
	<!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->
	<property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>
	
	<!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
	<property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
	
	<!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->
	<property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
	
	<!-- socket Send and receive BufferSize(unit:K)  -->
	<property name="netBufferSize">128</property>
	
	<!-- Enable/disable TCP_NODELAY (disable/enable Nagle's algorithm). -->
	<property name="tcpNoDelay">true</property>
	
	<!-- 对外验证的用户名 -->
	<property name="user">root</property>
	
	<!-- 对外验证的密码 -->
	<property name="password">root</property>
</server> 

以上是proxy提供给client的连接配置

<dbServerList>  
    <dbServer name="server1">            
        <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  
        <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  
            <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  
               
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  
            <property name="port">3306</property>  
               
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  
            <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>  
            <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  
               
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  
            <property name="user">root</property>  
               
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  
            <property name="password"></property>  
               
        </factoryConfig>  
           
        <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  
        <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  
            <property name="maxActive">200</property>  
            <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  
            <property name="minIdle">10</property>  
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  
            <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  
        </poolConfig>  
    </dbServer>  
    <dbServer name="server2">  
           
        <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->  
        <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">  
            <property name="manager">defaultManager</property>  
               
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->  
            <property name="port">3306</property>  
               
            <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->  
            <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>  
            <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>  
               
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->  
            <property name="user">root</property>  
               
            <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->  
            <property name="password"></property>  
               
        </factoryConfig>  
           
        <!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->  
        <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">  
            <property name="maxActive">200</property>  
            <property name="maxIdle">200</property>  
            <property name="minIdle">10</property>  
            <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>  
            <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>  
            <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>  
        </poolConfig>  
    </dbServer>          
</dbServerList>  
<dbServerList>
	<dbServer name="server1">			
		<!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->
		<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
			<property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
			
			<!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->
			<property name="port">3306</property>
			
			<!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->
			<property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property>
			<property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
			
			<!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->
			<property name="user">root</property>
			
			<!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->
			<property name="password"></property>
			
		</factoryConfig>
		
		<!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->
		<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
			<property name="maxActive">200</property>
			<property name="maxIdle">200</property>
			<property name="minIdle">10</property>
			<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
			<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
			<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
			<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
		</poolConfig>
	</dbServer>
	<dbServer name="server2">
		
		<!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 -->
		<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
			<property name="manager">defaultManager</property>
			
			<!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 -->
			<property name="port">3306</property>
			
			<!-- 真实mysql数据库IP -->
			<property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property>
			<property name="schema">amoeba_study</property>
			
			<!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 -->
			<property name="user">root</property>
			
			<!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 -->
			<property name="password"></property>
			
		</factoryConfig>
		
		<!-- ObjectPool实现类 -->
		<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
			<property name="maxActive">200</property>
			<property name="maxIdle">200</property>
			<property name="minIdle">10</property>
			<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
			<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
			<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
			<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
		</poolConfig>
	</dbServer>		
</dbServerList> 

以上是proxy与后端各mysql数据库服务器配置信息，具体配置见注释很明白了

最后配置读写分离策略：

<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter"> 
    <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property> 
    <property name="defaultPool">server1</property> 
    <property name="writePool">server1</property> 
    <property name="readPool">server2</property> 
    <property name="needParse">true</property> 
</queryRouter> 
<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
<property name="defaultPool">server1</property>
<property name="writePool">server1</property>
<property name="readPool">server2</property>
<property name="needParse">true</property>
</queryRouter>

从以上配置不然发现，写操作路由到server1（master），读操作路由到server2（slave）

3）启动amoeba

在命令行里运行D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\amoeba.bat即可：

log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA\conf\log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:D:\openSource\amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO  net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端调用与测试

1）编写client调用程序

具体程序细节就不详述了，只是一个最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的数据库操作程序

2）配置数据库连接

本client基于c3p0，具体数据源配置如下：

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"  
    destroy-method="close">  
    <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />  
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />  
    <property name="user" value="root" />  
    <property name="password" value="root" />  
    <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />  
    <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />  
    <property name="maxStatements" value="0" />  
    <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />  
    <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />  
    <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />  
    <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />  
    <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />  
    <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />  
    <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />  
</bean>  
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
	destroy-method="close">
	<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
	<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" />
	<property name="user" value="root" />
	<property name="password" value="root" />
	<property name="minPoolSize" value="1" />
	<property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" />
	<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" />
	<property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" />
	<property name="maxStatements" value="0" />
	<property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" />
	<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" />
	<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" />
	<property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" />
	<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" />
	<property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" />
	<property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" />
</bean> 

值得注意是，client端只需连到proxy，与实际的数据库没有任何关系，因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都对应于amoeba暴露出来的配置信息

3）调用与测试

首先插入一条数据：insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')

通过查看master机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log：

100703 11:58:42       1 Query       set names latin1
                      1 Query       SET NAMES latin1
                      1 Query       SET character_set_results = NULL
                      1 Query       SHOW VARIABLES
                      1 Query       SHOW COLLATION
                      1 Query       SET autocommit=1
                      1 Query       SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
                      1 Query       SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation'
                      1 Query       SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
                      1 Prepare     [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
                      1 Prepare     [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)          
                      1 Execute     [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')

得知写操作发生在master机上

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log：

100703 11:58:42       2 Query       insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')

得知slave同步执行了这条语句

然后查一条数据：select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003

通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log：

100703 12:02:00      33 Query       set names latin1
                     33 Prepare     [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
                     33 Prepare     [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?   
                     33 Execute     [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003 

得知读操作发生在slave机上

并且通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log发现这条语句没在master上执行

通过以上验证得知简单的master-slave搭建和实战得以生效