Debian 2.4.27 Linux 下配置VRRP试验笔记总结

1.下载keepalived的源码 官方网站http://www.keepalived.org
直接链接:http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.1.12.tar.gz
2.将下载的源码复制到/usr/src,解压缩
cp keepalived-1.1.12.tar.gz /usr/src
cd /usr/src
tar xvzf keepalived-1.1.12.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.1.12
3.生成编译配置文件

./configure (默认安装到/usr/local,可以使用--prefix=参数指定安装目录)
make
make install

安装程序会复制下列文件和配置:
* keepalived : keepalived守护程序
* genhash : MD5生成器
* /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf keepalived配置文件

=====================================
注意在Redhat 9中会报下面的错误:

> checking openssl/ssl.h usability... no
> checking openssl/ssl.h presence... no
> checking for openssl/ssl.h... no
> configure: error:
> !!! OpenSSL is not properly installed on your system. !!!
> !!! Can not include OpenSSL headers files. !!!

其实这个问题与openssl没有关系,是因为Kerberos include文件的位置的问题。
使用以下方法解决:

在/etc/profile文件中增加 : export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/kerberos/include
然后:

1.) export CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/kerberos/include
2.) make clean(或者删掉整个源码目录,重新解压)
3.) 重新编译
=====================================

貌似这个问题在debian系统上没有用,就用debian系统默认的下载并安装软件的方法

apt-get install keepalived

安装完毕可以拷贝一个keepalived.conf到/etc/keepalived/目录下,编辑此文件即可,还有就是在安装keepalived时候会提示设置机器为MASTER|BACKUP,在backup机器上同样安装,反正本人没有直接下载tar.gz的包,因为汲取./configure老是不成功,出现上面那个openssl的错误,但是系统也没有kerberos的include目录,因而无法解决此问题,索性简单使用apt-get install *了;

网络结果如下图所示:



网络中有两个Linux Router:
  
  (1), Master(eth0:192.168.1.10/24接外网; eth1:192.168.3.1/24接内网)
  
  (2), Backup(eth0:192.168.2.10/24接外网; eth1:192.168.3.2/24接内网)
  
  内网的IP地址段为192.168.3.0/24,网关(V-Gate)为192.168.3.3/24,记住192.168.3.3/24这个地址是在Keepalived启动时生效的。


4.编辑master的配置文件,/usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  state MASTER #(主机为MASTER,备用机为BACKUP)
  interface eth0 #(HA监测网络接口)
  track_interface { #其他要监测状态的接口
  eth1
  }
  virtual_router_id 51 #(主、备机的virtual_router_id必须相同)
  priority 500 #(主、备机取不同的优先级,主机值较大,备份机值较小,值越大优先级越高)
  advert_int 1 #(VRRP Multicast广播周期秒数)
  authentication {
  auth_type PASS #(VRRP认证方式)
  auth_pass 1111 #(VRRP口令字)
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
  192.168.3.3 #(VRRP HA虚拟地址)
  }
  }

6.编辑backup上的配置文件,/usr/local/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  state BACKUP
  interface eth0
  track_interface { # Interfaces state we monitor
  eth1
  }
  virtual_router_id 51
  priority 100
  advert_int 1
  authentication {
  auth_type PASS
  auth_pass 1111
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
  192.168.3.3
  }
  }
track_interface的意思是将Linux中你想监控的网络接口卡监控起来,当其中的一块出现故障是keepalived都将视为路由器出现故障。

7. 分别在两台机器上启用Multicast路由,注意这步很重要!!!

route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0 dev eth0

8.在master和backup上启动keepalived

/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D –f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

在启动Master上的keepalived之前,我们先看一下Master上eth0的情况:
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  # ip add show eth0
  
  8: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:e0:4c:3a:d7:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.3.1/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth1
  inet6 fe80::2e0:4cff:fe3a:d725/64 scope link
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  我们看到只有一个IP地址:192.168.3.1/24,现在我们启动Master上的keepalived
  #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D –f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
  
  现在我们再看一下Master上eth0的情况:
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  # ip add show eth0
  8: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:e0:4c:3a:d7:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.3.1/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global eth1
  inet 192.168.3.3/32 scope global eth1
  inet6 fe80::2e0:4cff:fe3a:d725/64 scope link
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  我们看到有两个IP地址,其中一个就是V-Gate:192.168.3.3/32
  
  用同样的方法启动Backup上的keepalived
  #/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived –D –f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
  
这样,当Master失效时,Backup就会通过MultiCast地址:224.0.0.18这个组播地址,获得这个消息,并将192.168.3.3这个地址接管过来。


 

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