英文文档出处:http://developer.android.com/guide/components/loaders.html
Loaders,中文可理解为“加载器”,在Android3.0中新增。从字面含义可见其功能,即提供数据加载。特别地,加载数据的方式为异步。它具有以下特点:
如何在应用中使用Loaders
使用Loaders的先决条件:
启动数据加载器Loaders
LoaderManager管理者一个Activity或者Fragment中的一个或多个Loader实例,每个Activity或者Fragment只有对应一个LoaserManager。
一般在Activity的onCreate方法或者Fragment的onActivityCreated方法中初始化一个Loader:
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
参数:
1、 第一个参数:0 为Loader的唯一标识ID;
2、 第二个参数: 为Loader的构造器可选参数,这里为null;
3、 第三个参数:this,这里表示当前Activity对象或者Fragment对象,提供给LoaderManager对象进行数据汇报。
InitLoader()方法保证了Loader初始化及对象激活,执行这个方法有2个可能的结果:
1、 如果ID存在,则重复利用;
2、 如果ID不存在,则出发LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks的onCreateLoader()方法新创建一个Loader并返回;
不管在什么情况下,只有Loader状态发生了变化,与之关联的LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks实现类都会被告知;
你可能注意到了,initLoader返回的Loader对象并未与任何变量关联,那是因为LoaderManager有自动的Loader管理功能;LoaderManager在必要的时候自动启动及停止数据加载操作,并且维护者Loader的状态;这就意味着,你很少直接与Loader进行交互。一般地,使用LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks的onCreateLoader()方法去干预数据加载的过程中的特殊事件。
如何重启数据加载器Loaders
在上面创建Loaders时,如果ID不存在则创建,否则使用旧的Loader,但有些时候,我们需要清理掉旧的数据重新开始。
使用restartLoaser()可以做到。比如,SearchView.OnQueryTextListener的实现类,在查询条件发生改变时重启Loaders,以便获取最新的查询结果。
public boolean onQueryTextChanged(String newText) { // Called when the action bar search text has changed. Update // the search filter, and restart the loader to do a new query // with this filter. mCurFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null; getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, null, this); return true; }
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks 接口是客户端与LoaderManager进行交互的腰带。
Loader ,特别是CursorLoader,期望在停止状态后保存它们的状态。这样的话,用户在交互过程中,就避免了数据的重新加载而导致UI卡死的局面。使用回调函数,就可以知道什么时候去创建一个新的Loader,并且告知应用程序什么时候停止使用Loader加载的数据。
回调方法有:
// If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided. String mCurFilter; ... public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) { // This is called when a new Loader needs to be created. This // sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID. // First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are // currently filtering. Uri baseUri; if (mCurFilter != null) { baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI, Uri.encode(mCurFilter)); } else { baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI; } // Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of // creating a Cursor for the data being displayed. String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND (" + Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND (" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))"; return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri, CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null, Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC"); }
完整的实例
public static class CursorLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment implements OnQueryTextListener, LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> { // This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data. SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter; // If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided. String mCurFilter; @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState); // Give some text to display if there is no data. In a real // application this would come from a resource. setEmptyText("No phone numbers"); // We have a menu item to show in action bar. setHasOptionsMenu(true); // Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data. mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(), android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, null, new String[] { Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS }, new int[] { android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2 }, 0); setListAdapter(mAdapter); // Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one, // or start a new one. getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this); } @Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) { // Place an action bar item for searching. MenuItem item = menu.add("Search"); item.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_search); item.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM); SearchView sv = new SearchView(getActivity()); sv.setOnQueryTextListener(this); item.setActionView(sv); } public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) { // Called when the action bar search text has changed. Update // the search filter, and restart the loader to do a new query // with this filter. mCurFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null; getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, null, this); return true; } @Override public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) { // Don't care about this. return true; } @Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) { // Insert desired behavior here. Log.i("FragmentComplexList", "Item clicked: " + id); } // These are the Contacts rows that we will retrieve. static final String[] CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION = new String[] { Contacts._ID, Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS, Contacts.CONTACT_PRESENCE, Contacts.PHOTO_ID, Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY, }; public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) { // This is called when a new Loader needs to be created. This // sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID. // First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are // currently filtering. Uri baseUri; if (mCurFilter != null) { baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI, Uri.encode(mCurFilter)); } else { baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI; } // Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of // creating a Cursor for the data being displayed. String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND (" + Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND (" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))"; return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri, CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null, Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC"); } public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) { // Swap the new cursor in. (The framework will take care of closing the // old cursor once we return.) mAdapter.swapCursor(data); } public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) { // This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished() // above is about to be closed. We need to make sure we are no // longer using it. mAdapter.swapCursor(null); } }