Spring Security以前叫做acegi,是后来才成为Spring的一个子项目,也是目前最为流行的一个安全权限管理框架,它与Spring紧密结合在一起。
Spring Security关注的重点是在企业应用安全层为您提供服务,你将发现业务问题领域存在着各式各样的需求。银行系统跟电子商务应用就有很大的不同。电子商务系统与企业销售自动化工具又有很大不同。这些客户化需求让应用安全显得有趣,富有挑战性而且物有所值。Spring Security为基于J2EE的企业应用软件提供了一套全面的安全解决方案。
2.为Spring Security配置过滤器和其他参数
要使用Spring Security,首先就是在web.xml中为它配置过滤器, 其次因为我的spring配置文件是放在WEB-INF下的,因此还要配置上下文的参数,最后添加spring的监听器:
- <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
- < web-app version = "2.5" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" >
-
- < context-param >
- < param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name >
- < param-value > /WEB-INF/spring-*.xml </ param-value >
- </ context-param >
-
- < filter >
- < filter-name > springSecurityFilterChain </ filter-name >
- < filter-class >
- org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
- </ filter-class >
- </ filter >
- < filter-mapping >
- < filter-name > springSecurityFilterChain </ filter-name >
- < url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
- </ filter-mapping >
- < listener >
- < listener-class >
- org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
- </ listener-class >
- </ listener >
- < welcome-file-list >
- < welcome-file > index.jsp </ welcome-file >
- </ welcome-file-list >
- < login-config >
- < auth-method > BASIC </ auth-method >
- </ login-config >
- </ web-app >
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
-
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-*.xml</param-value>
- </context-param>
-
- <filter>
- <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
- <filter-class>
- org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy
- </filter-class>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- <listener>
- <listener-class>
- org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
- </listener-class>
- </listener>
- <welcome-file-list>
- <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
- </welcome-file-list>
- <login-config>
- <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method>
- </login-config>
- </web-app>
3.配置security(spring-security.xml)
- <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
-
- < beans:beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
- xmlns:beans = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-2.0.4.xsd">
-
-
- < http auto-config = "true" >
-
- < intercept-url pattern = "/security/**" access = "ROLE_ADMIN" />
- < intercept-url pattern = "/**" access = "ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_USER" />
- < intercept-url pattern = "/login.jsp*" filters = "none" />
- < logout logout-url = "/logout.jsp"
- logout-success-url = "/j_spring_security_check" />
- </ http >
-
- <!-- 使用内存权限管理的配置信息, 在tomcat启动时,会加载这个文件并一直保存在内存中,知道应用程序重启,所以也叫内存权限管理
- < authentication-provider >
- < user-service >
- < user name = "admin" password = "tomcat" authorities = "ROLE_ADMIN" />
- < user name = "liky" password = "redhat" authorities = "ROLE_USER" />
- </ user-service >
- </ authentication-provider >
- -->
-
- < authentication-provider >
- < jdbc-user-service data-source-ref = "dataSource" />
- </ authentication-provider >
-
- </ beans:beans >
- <?xml
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
- <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
- xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-2.0.4.xsd">
-
- <!-- Spring
- Security采用就近原则,有多个约束时,从上至下只要找到第一条满足就返回,因此因该将最严格的约束放在最前面,而将最宽松的约束放在最后
- 面.auto-config属性可以让spring security为我们自动配置几种常用的权限控制机制,包括form,anonymous,
- rememberMe等。当然你也可以手工配置。--> <http auto-config="true"> <!--
- 我们利用intercept-url来判断用户需要具有何种权限才能访问对应的url资源,可以在pattern中指定一个特定的url资源,也可以使用
- 通配符指定一组类似的url资源。例子中定义的两个intercepter-url,第一个用来控制对/security/**的访问,第二个使用了通配
- 符/**,说明它将控制对系统中所有url资源的访问。 --> <intercept-url
- pattern="/security/**" access="ROLE_ADMIN" /> <intercept-url
- pattern="/**" access="ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_USER" /> <intercept-url
- pattern="/login.jsp*" filters="none" /> <logout
- logout-url="/logout.jsp" logout-success-url="/j_spring_security_check"
- /> </http> <!-- 使用内存权限管理的配置信息,
- 在tomcat启动时,会加载这个文件并一直保存在内存中,知道应用程序重启,所以也叫内存权限管理
- <authentication-provider> <user-service> <user
- name="admin" password="tomcat" authorities="ROLE_ADMIN"/> <user
- name="liky" password="redhat" authorities="ROLE_USER"/>
- </user-service> </authentication-provider> --> <!--
- 使用数据库作为权限管理的来源,data-source-ref指定了数据源,所指定的数据源必须包含users,
- authorities表,并符合security的定义规范 --> <authentication-provider>
- <jdbc-user-service data-source-ref="dataSource" />
- </authentication-provider>
- </beans:beans>
4.数据源的配置(spring-common.xml)
- <?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "UTF-8" ?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd" >
-
- <!-- 定义数据源 -->
- <bean id="dataSource"
- class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" >
- <property name="driverClassName"
- value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" >
- </property>
- <property name="url" value= "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/csu" ></property>
- <property name="username" value= "root" ></property>
- <property name="password" value= "redhat" ></property>
- <property name="maxActive" value= "100" ></property>
- <property name="maxIdle" value= "30" ></property>
- <property name="maxWait" value= "300" ></property>
- <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value= "true" ></property>
- </bean>
- </beans>
- <?xml
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http:
- http:
- <!-- 定义数据源 --> <bean id="dataSource"
- class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property
- name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver">
- </property> <property name="url"
- value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/csu"></property>
- <property name="username" value="root"></property>
- <property name="password" value="redhat"></property>
- <property name="maxActive" value="100"></property>
- <property name="maxIdle" value="30"></property>
- <property name="maxWait" value="300"></property>
- <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="true"></property>
- </bean> </beans>
5.项目的目录结构
6. 数据库脚本
- /-- 注意这里的脚本是MYSQL的,因此在你演示这个实例的时候,要加入MySQL的驱动包 --/
-
- create table users
- (
- username varchar(50) primary key,
- password varchar(50),
- enabled tinyint(1)
- );
-
- create table authorities
- (
- id int auto_increment primary key,
- username varchar(50),
- authority varchar(50),
- constraint fk_authorities_users foreign key(username) references users(username)
- );
-
- create unique index ix_auth_username on authorities (username,authority);
- /-- 注意这里的脚本是MYSQL的,因此在你演示这个实例的时候,要加入MySQL的驱动包 --/
-
- create table users
- (
- username varchar(50) primary key,
- password varchar(50),
- enabled tinyint(1)
- );
- create table authorities
- (
- id int auto_increment primary key,
- username varchar(50),
- authority varchar(50),
- constraint fk_authorities_users foreign key(username) references users(username)
- );
- create unique index ix_auth_username on authorities (username,authority);
7.部署和配置的要点说明
这是一个Spring Security的数据库认证实例,要注意以下几点:
(1)请自行加入Spring必须的包,Spring security的包和MySQL的驱动包,当然你也可以换成其他的数据库,但是你要相应的修改spring-common.xml中的dataSource部分
(2)数据库中的两个表users,authorites必须完全按照脚本所示来定义,也就是说表的名字不能修改.
(3)users表必须包含username,password,enabled字段,这三个字段是绝对不能少的,也不能修改类型.另外enabled一定要为1才能登录
(4)authorities 表必须包含username字段,这个字段引用users的username作为外键,authority字段就是角色的名字,角色名字必须满足 ROLE_XXX的格式(例如:ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_USER,ROLE_MAMAGER)
(5)如果一个用户有多个角色,不要将多个角色放在一起用逗号隔开.而是每个角色定义一条记录(例如:abu有ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_USER两个角色,那么应该定义两条记录: 一条为abu, ROLE_USER,另一条为abu, ROLE_ADMIN.而不是只有一条:abu, ROLE_ADMIN,ROLE_USER)
(6)你可以给authorities表添加一个id字段作为主键.
转自:http://ry-china.iteye.com/blog/509957