Spring进入4.0之后有了一个新的特性——泛型依赖注入。
为什么需要泛型依赖注入呢?(本文出自:http://my.oschina.net/happyBKs/blog/482508)
在实际开发中,往往我们可以将一些结构职能相似的类抽象出一定的泛型超类。这样相应结构中的类之间的依赖关系我们可以通过泛型超类来建立,而其他的子类只要继承了它们,就能够建立相应的依赖关系:
Spring 4.x 中可以为子类注入子类对应的泛型类型的成员变量的引用,我们用一个例子来看看:
两个泛型超类定义如下,它们之间是依赖关系:依赖关系需要用自动装配@Autowired注解
package com.happyBKs.generic.di; public class BasicRepository<T> { public void save() { System.out.println("BasicRepository<T> save..."); } }
package com.happyBKs.generic.di; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class BasicService<T> { @Autowired protected BasicRepository<T> basicRepository; public void add() { System.out.println("BasicService<T> add..."); System.out.println(basicRepository); basicRepository.save(); } }
我们在定义一个具体类:
package com.happyBKs.generic.di; public class UserBean { public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } String name; int age; public UserBean(String name, int age) { super(); this.name = name; this.age = age; } public UserBean() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } @Override public String toString() { return "UserBean [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]"; } }
我们用UserBean建立刚才两个泛型超类的子类:别忘了注解,配置为bean
package com.happyBKs.generic.di; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; @Repository public class UserRepository extends BasicRepository<UserBean> { }
package com.happyBKs.generic.di; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserService extends BasicService<UserBean> { }
IOC容器配置文件:src\main\resources\beans-generic-di.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.happyBKs.generic.di"></context:component-scan> </beans>
测试程序:
package com.happBKs.spring.iocaop; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.happyBKs.generic.di.UserService; public class TestGenericDi { @Test public void test1() { ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-generic-di.xml"); UserService us=(UserService)ac.getBean("userService"); us.add(); //System.out.println(pc); } }
运行结果:
BasicService<T> add...
com.happyBKs.generic.di.UserRepository@4aeacb4a
BasicRepository<T> save...
看到了吧,打印出的System.out.println(basicRepository);的是com.happyBKs.generic.di.UserRepository@4aeacb4a
这对于需要建立大量的Repository和Service时十分有用,我不再需要为每一对Repository和Service配置依赖关系,即不需要在每一个Service内加入属性@Autowired注解。