前文
从Introspector谈Java内省机制
提到了通过Introspector.getBeanInfo()方法获取属性描述符数组,进而读取属性值的方式,但未对PropertyDescriptor的应用和实现作进一步阐释,在此作个补完。
1. 概述
PropertyDescriptor描述Java Bean中通过一对存储器方法(getter / setter)导出的一个属性。我们可以通过该PropertyDescriptor对bean中的该属性进行读取和写入操作,也可以设置其getter / setter。
2. 关键接口及内部属性
public PropertyDescriptor(String name, Class<?> beanClass) throws IntrospectionException public PropertyDescriptor(String name, Class<?> beanClass, String getMethodName, String setMethodName) throws IntrospectionException public PropertyDescriptor(String name, Method readMethod, Method writeMethod) throws IntrospectionException public Class<?> getPropertyType() public Method getReadMethod() public Method getWriteMethod() public void setReadMethod(Method readMethod) throws IntrospectionException public void setWriteMethod(Method writeMethod) public boolean equals(Object o)相关的PropertyDescriptor内部属性如下:
Class<?> propertyType; //该属性的类型
Method getMethod; //getter
Method setMethod; //setter
还有继承自其父类FeatureDescriptor的功能,用于指定该属性的编程名称
3. 简单应用
现有Person类如下:
package com.cwind.property; public class Person { private String name ; private int age ; public Person(){ this.name = ""; this.age = 0; } public Person(String name, int age) { super(); this.name = name; this. age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this. name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this. age = age; } public String getNameInUpperCase(){ return this .name .toUpperCase(); } public void setNameToLowerCase(String name){ this.name = name.toLowerCase(); } }该类中除了name和age两个属性的标准getter和setter之外,还有增加了一个获取大写name的get方法和一个将name设置为小写的set方法。
在测试类中,首先获得这两个方法对象。
Class personClass = Class.forName("com.cwind.property.Person"); Method read = personClass.getMethod("getNameInUpperCase", null); Method write = personClass.getMethod("setNameToLowerCase", String.class ); //然后可以通过两种方式构造PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor prop1 = new PropertyDescriptor( "name", Person.class ); //使用其标准getter和setter PropertyDescriptor prop2 = new PropertyDescriptor( "name", read, write); //使用read和write两个方法对象所自定义的getter和setter //下面构建一个Person对象 Person person = new Person("Kobe" , 36); System. out.println(prop1.getReadMethod().invoke(person, null)); // --实际调用Person.getName(), result: Kobe System. out.println(prop2.getReadMethod().invoke(person, null)); // --实际调用Person.getNameInUpperCase(), result: KOBE prop1.getWriteMethod().invoke(person, "James"); // --实际调用Person.setName(), person.name被设置为James prop2.getWriteMethod().invoke(person, "James"); // --实际调用Person.setNameToLowerCase(), person.name被设置为james
4. 源码分析
构造函数1:
public PropertyDescriptor(String name, Class<?> beanClass) throws IntrospectionException { setName(name); //设置属性编程名,本例中即'name' if (name.length() == 0){ throw new IntrospectionException("empty property name"); // 编程名为空则抛出异常 } String caps = Character.toUpperCase(name.charAt(0)) + name.substring(1); // 标准getter应为getName()或isName(), 先将首字母大写 findMethods(beanClass, "is" + caps, "get" + caps, "set" + caps); // 参数依次为:类类型,可能的getter函数名1,可能的getter函数名2,setter函数名 if (getMethod == null){ // findMethods()设置PropertyDescriptor的getMethod和setMethod属性 throw new IntrospectionException( "Cannot find a is" + caps + " or get" + caps + " method"); } if (setMethod == null){ throw new IntrospectionException( "Cannot find a " + caps + " method" ); } propertyType = checkMethods(getMethod, setMethod); // checkMethods()函数用来检测getMethod得到的类型与setMethod的参数类型是否匹配,若匹配则置propertyType为该类型 }
构造函数2:
public PropertyDescriptor(String name, Class<?> beanClass, String getMethodName, String setMethodName) throws IntrospectionException
其实现与构造函数1类似,只是调用findMethods时直接查找指定的getter和setter函数名:
findMethods(beanClass, getMethodName, null, setMethodName);
构造函数3则更加直观,直接设置方法对象
public PropertyDescriptor(String name, Method readMethod, Method writeMethod) throws IntrospectionException
两个比较重要的私有辅助函数分别为findMethods()和checkMethods(),分别看一下其实现
private void findMethods(Class beanClass, String getMethodName1, String getMethodName2, String setMethodName) throws IntrospectionException { try { // 首先查找getMethodName1指定的getter (isXXX) if (getMethodName1 != null) { try { getMethod = beanClass.getMethod(getMethodName1, new Class[0]); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {} } // 若失败,则查找getMethodName2指定的getter (getXXX) if (getMethod == null && getMethodName2 != null) { try { getMethod = beanClass.getMethod(getMethodName2, new Class[0]); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {} } if (setMethodName != null) { if (getMethod != null) { // 如果得到了getMethod,则通过其返回值类型决定setMethod的参数类型 Class propertyType = getMethod.getReturnType(); if (propertyType == Void.TYPE) { // 若getter的返回值为Void类型则抛出异常 String msg = "The property's read method has return type 'void'"; throw new IntrospectionException(msg); } Class[] setArgs = new Class[] { propertyType }; try { setMethod = beanClass.getMethod(setMethodName, setArgs); // 通过函数名和参数类型获得setMethod } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {} } else if (getMethodName1 == null && getMethodName2 == null) { // getMethodName1和2均为空,则此属性为只写属性,此时遍历bean中的函数,返回第一个名称与setMethodName一致且返回类型为Void的单参数函数 Method[] methods = beanClass.getMethods(); for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) { if (methods[i].getName().equals(setMethodName) && methods[i].getParameterTypes().length == 1 && methods[i].getReturnType() == Void.TYPE) { setMethod = methods[i]; break; } } } } } catch (SecurityException e) { String msg = "SecurityException thrown on attempt to access methods."; // 作者在纠结要不要修改异常类型 throw new IntrospectionException(msg); } }checkMethods方法
private Class<?> checkMethods(Method readMethod, Method writeMethod) throws IntrospectionException { Class<?> newPropertyType = propertyType; // 合法的read方法应该无参同时带有一个非空的返回值类型 if (readMethod != null) { if (readMethod.getParameterTypes().length > 0) { throw new IntrospectionException("read method has unexpected parameters"); } newPropertyType = readMethod.getReturnType(); if (newPropertyType == Void.TYPE) { throw new IntrospectionException("read method return type is void"); } } // 合法的write方法应该包含一个类型相同的参数 if (writeMethod != null) { if (writeMethod.getParameterTypes().length != 1) { // 参数不能超过一个 String msg = "write method does not have exactly one parameter" ; throw new IntrospectionException(msg); } if (readMethod == null) { // 若无read方法,属性类型就应为writeMethod的参数类型 newPropertyType = writeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0]; } else { // 检查read方法的返回值类型是否与write方法的参数类型相匹配 if (newPropertyType != null && !newPropertyType.isAssignableFrom( writeMethod.getParameterTypes()[0])) { throw new IntrospectionException("read and write method are not compatible"); } } } return newPropertyType; }最后提一句PropertyDescriptor.equals(), 只有当属性类型、标志、读写方法和 PropertyEditorClass均相同时才认为两个PropertyDescriptor相等
return samePropertyType && sameFlags && sameReadMethod && sameWriteMethod && samePropertyEditorClass;