非安装版mysql的配置以及安装

非安装版MySql

1、下载mysql免安装版

2、配置MYSQL的环境变量 
新增系统变量MYSQL_HOME： D:\dev\mysql 
在PATH变量的最后面添加： ;%MYSQL_HOME%\bin 
保存即可。 

3、打开文件my-default.ini另存为my.ini，删除my.ini中的所有配置，在my.ini文件中加入如下简单配置：(my.ini是保存在与my-default.ini同一个目录下的）(#表示注释） 

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password   = your_password
port        = 3306

[mysql]
#设置mysql客户端的字符集
default-character-set = utf8

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port        = 3306
#设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = D:\dev\mysql
#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录,必须是data或者\xxx-data
datadir = D:\dev\mysql\data
#设置服务器段的字符集
character_set_server = utf8

4、注册服务 
开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”，输入命令： 

mysqld --install mysql5 --defaults-file=d:\dev\mysql\my.ini

（如果此时“出现Install/Remove of the Service Denied!”的错误，说明cmd不是以管理员身份运行） 
或着， 
开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”，输入命令： 

mysqld --install mysql5

删除服务(开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”)： 

sc delete mysql5

在“服务”中就会出现mysql这一项。 

5、启动服务(开始菜单，搜索cmd，单击右键“以管理员身份运行”)： 

net start mysql5

停止服务： 

net stop mysql5

6、服务启动后： 
登录MySQL服务器： 
命令格式： 

mysql -h hostname -u username -p

或 

mysql -hhostname -uusername -p

命令说明：mysql命令将调用MySQL监视程序，这是一个可以将我们连接到MySQL服务器端的客户端命令行工具。 
选项说明： 
-h选项：用于指定所希望连接的主机，即运行MySQL服务器的机器。如果在运行MySQL服务器的机器上运行该命令，则可以忽略该选项和hostname参数；如果不是，必须用运行MySQL服务器的主机名称来代替主机名称参数。 
-u命令：用于指定连接数据库时使用的用户名称。 
-p命令：用于指定用户输入的密码 

此时我本机安装了MYSQL，可忽略该选项和hostname参数： 

mysql -uroot -p

注： 
    MySQL的管理员用户名为root，密码默认为空 

修改root密码 
MySQL配置好后，启动成功，默认密码是空，但是为了安全，设置密码（MySQL有一个默认用户名为root，密码自己设定：假如设为root）。 
1）登录MySQL root用户： 
   打开命令行，执行：

mysql -uroot -p

2）修改root密码： 
  

mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
mysql> flush privileges;

修改该修改密码的语句：update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root"; 
为： update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root"; 

详细说明：见最底下的补充说明。 

以后再进入MySQL，则为：

mysql -uroot -proot

7、常用命令： 

create database new_dbname;--新建数据库
show databases;--显示数据库
use databasename;--使用数据库
select database();--查看已选择的数据库

show tables;--显示当前库的所有表
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..)[ENGINE=engine_name];--创建表
create table tablename select statement;--通过子查询创建表
desc tablename;--查看表结构
show create table tablename;--查看建表语句

alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype;--新增列
alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype after 列名1;--在列名1后新增列
alter table tablename modify fieldname new_fieldtype;--修改列
alter table tablename drop fieldname;--删除列
alter table tablename_old rename tablename_new;--表重命名

insert into tablename(fieldname1,fieldname2,fieldnamen) valuse(value1,value2,valuen);--增
delete from tablename [where fieldname=value];--删
update tablename set fieldname1=new_value where filename2=value;--改
select * from tablename [where filename=value];--查

truncate table tablename;--清空表中所有数据，DDL语句

show engines;--查看mysql现在已提供的存储引擎:
show variables like '%storage_engine%';--查看mysql当前默认的存储引擎
show create table tablename;--查看某张表用的存储引擎（结果的"ENGINE="部分）
alter table tablename ENGINE=InnoDB--修改引擎
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..) ENGINE=engine_name;--创建表时设置存储引擎

8、例如： 
（1）登录MySQL服务器后，查看当前时间，登录的用户以及数据库的版本 

mysql> select now(),user(),version();
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| now()               | user()         | version() |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| 2012-02-26 20:29:51 | root@localhost | 5.5.20    |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（2）显示数据库列表 

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

（3）新增数据库并查看 

mysql> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| test_db            |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（4）选择数据库 

mysql> use test_db;
Database changed

查看已选择的数据库： 

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test_db    |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（5）显示当前数据库的所有数据表 

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（6）新建数据表并查看 

mysql> create table person(
    -> id int,
    -> name varchar(20),
    -> sex char(1),
    -> birth date
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

 

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person            |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（7）获取表结构 

mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | char(1)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

或者 

mysql> describe person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | char(1)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（8）查询表中的数据 

mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（9）插入数据 

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth)
    -> values(1,'zhangsan','1','1990-01-08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

查询表中的数据： 

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      |
+------+----------+------+------------+
|    1 | zhangsan | 1    | 1990-01-08 |
+------+----------+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（10）修改字段的类型 

mysql> alter table person modify sex char(8);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看字段描述： 

mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex   | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（11）新增一个字段 

mysql> alter table person add(address varchar(50));
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看字段描述： 

mysql> desc person;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id      | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| address | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（12）更新字段内容 
查看修改前表的内容： 

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | zhangsan | 1    | 1990-01-08 | NULL    |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改： 

mysql> update person set name='lisi' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi | 1    | 1990-01-08 | NULL    |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update person set sex='man',address='China' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi | man  | 1990-01-08 | China   |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

为了方便下面测试删除数据，在向person表中插入2条数据： 

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
    -> values(2,'wangwu','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
    -> values(3,'zhangsan','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi     | man  | 1990-01-08 | China   |
|    2 | wangwu   | man  | 1990-01-10 | China   |
|    3 | zhangsan | man  | 1990-01-10 | China   |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（13）删除表中的数据 
删除表中指定的数据： 

mysql> delete from person where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id   | name     | sex  | birth      | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
|    1 | lisi     | man  | 1990-01-08 | China   |
|    3 | zhangsan | man  | 1990-01-10 | China   |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除表中全部的数据： 

mysql> delete from person;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（14）重命名表 
查看重命名前的表名： 

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person            |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

重命名： 

mysql> alter table person rename person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person_test       |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（15）新增主键 

mysql> alter table person_test add primary key(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id      | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| address | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除主键： 

mysql> alter table person_test drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id      | int(11)     | NO   |     | 0       |       |
| name    | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| sex     | char(8)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| birth   | date        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| address | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（16）删除表 

mysql> drop table person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

（17）删除数据库 

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
| test_db            |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database test_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（18）查看建表语句 

mysql> show create table table_name;

补充说明： 
update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";修改的不是密码，如果按照这个方式修改了，重新登录时将会报错： 

mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0

mysql> exit
Bye

C:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: Y
ES)

请按照以下方式重新修改密码，即可登录成功： 

C:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

C:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>