Java 与 C 底层数据类型转换
前段时间一直忙着做J2EE服务器与C++客户端的项目。终于，项目告一段落，有一些收获在这里与大家分享。
再写个测试类
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* 仅仅适用于 Java 与 C++ 通讯中，网络流解析与生成使用
*
* 高低位互换(Big-Endian 大头在前 & Little-Endian 小头在前)。
* 举例而言，有一个4字节的数据0x01020304，要存储在内存中或文件中编号0˜3字节的位置，两种字节序的排列方式分别如下：
* <pre>
* Big Endian
*
* 低地址 高地址
* ---------------------------------------------------->
* 地址编号
* | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
* +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
* | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 |
* +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
*
* Little Endian
*
* 低地址 高地址
* ---------------------------------------------------->
* 地址编号
* | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
* +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
* | 04 | 03 | 02 | 01 |
* +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
* </pre>
* Java则统一使用big模式
* c中的unsigned short 对应着java中的char两个字节，无符号
* c的无符号int,short,byte字节数组，相应转换成java的long,char,short
*
* @author Snowolf
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public abstract class CIOUtil {
public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
/**
* 从输入流中读布尔
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static boolean readBoolean(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
return is.readBoolean();
}
/**
* 从流中读定长度字节数组
*
* @param is
* @param s
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static byte[] readBytes(DataInputStream is, int i)
throws IOException {
byte[] data = new byte[i];
is.readFully(data);
return data;
}
/**
* 从输入流中读字符
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static char readChar(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
return (char) readShort(is);
}
/**
* 从输入流中读双精度
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static double readDouble(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
return Double.longBitsToDouble(readLong(is));
}
/**
* 从输入流中读单精度
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static float readFloat(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
return Float.intBitsToFloat(readInt(is));
}
/**
* 从流中读整型
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static int readInt(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
return Integer.reverseBytes(is.readInt());
}
/**
* 从流中读长整型
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static long readLong(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
return Long.reverseBytes(is.readLong());
}
/**
* 从流中读短整型
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static short readShort(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
return Short.reverseBytes(is.readShort());
}
/**
* 从输入流中读字符串 字符串 结构 为 一个指定字符串字节长度的短整型+实际字符串
*
* @param is
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String readUTF(DataInputStream is) throws IOException {
short s = readShort(is);
byte[] str = new byte[s];
is.readFully(str);
return new String(str, CHARSET);
}
/**
* 向输出流中写布尔
*
* @param os
* @param b
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeBoolean(DataOutputStream os, boolean b)
throws IOException {
os.writeBoolean(b);
}
/**
* 向输出流中写字节数组
*
* @param os
* @param data
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeBytes(DataOutputStream os, byte[] data)
throws IOException {
os.write(data);
}
/**
* 向输出流中写字符
*
* @param os
* @param b
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeChar(DataOutputStream os, char b)
throws IOException {
writeShort(os, (short) b);
}
/**
* 向输出流中写双精度
*
* @param os
* @param d
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeDouble(DataOutputStream os, double d)
throws IOException {
writeLong(os, Double.doubleToLongBits(d));
}
/**
* 向输出流中写单精度
*
* @param os
* @param f
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeFloat(DataOutputStream os, float f)
throws IOException {
writeInt(os, Float.floatToIntBits(f));
}
/**
* 向输出流中写整型
*
* @param os
* @param i
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeInt(DataOutputStream os, int i) throws IOException {
os.writeInt(Integer.reverseBytes(i));
}
/**
* 向输出流中写长整型
*
* @param os
* @param l
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeLong(DataOutputStream os, long l)
throws IOException {
os.writeLong(Long.reverseBytes(l));
}
/**
* 向输出流中写短整型
*
* @param os
* @param s
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeShort(DataOutputStream os, short s)
throws IOException {
os.writeShort(Short.reverseBytes(s));
}
/**
* 向输出流中写字符串 字符串 结构 为 一个指定字符串字节长度的短整型+实际字符串
*
* @param os
* @param str
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void writeUTF(DataOutputStream os, String str)
throws IOException {
byte[] data = str.getBytes(CHARSET);
writeShort(os, (short) data.length);
os.write(data);
}
}
再写个测试类
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
/**
*
* @author Snowolf
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/
public class CIOUtilTest {
/**
* 测试布尔值
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testBoolean() throws IOException {
boolean input = true;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeBoolean(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
boolean output = CIOUtil.readBoolean(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output);
}
/**
* 测试字节数组
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testBytes() throws IOException {
byte[] input = "中文".getBytes("UTF-8");
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeBytes(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
byte[] output = CIOUtil.readBytes(is, 6);
bais.close();
assertArrayEquals(input, output);
}
/**
* 测试字符
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testChar() throws IOException {
char input = '中';
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeChar(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
char output = CIOUtil.readChar(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output);
}
/**
* 测试双精度
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testDouble() throws IOException {
double input = 1.23456789d;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeDouble(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
double output = CIOUtil.readDouble(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output, 9);
}
/**
* 测试单精度
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testFloat() throws IOException {
float input = 1.23456789f;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeFloat(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
float output = CIOUtil.readFloat(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output, 9);
}
/**
* 测试整型
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testInt() throws IOException {
int input = 1;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeInt(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
int output = CIOUtil.readInt(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output);
}
/**
* 测试长整型
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testLong() throws IOException {
long input = 1l;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeLong(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
long output = CIOUtil.readLong(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output);
}
/**
* 测试短整型
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testShort() throws IOException {
short input = 1;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeShort(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
short output = CIOUtil.readShort(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output);
}
/**
* 测试UTF-8字符串
*
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public final void testUTF() throws IOException {
String input = "中文支持";
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(baos);
CIOUtil.writeUTF(os, input);
byte[] b = baos.toByteArray();
baos.flush();
baos.close();
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(b);
DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bais);
String output = CIOUtil.readUTF(is);
bais.close();
assertEquals(input, output);
}
}