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Hessian是一个轻量级的remoting on http工具,采用的是Binary RPC协议,所以它很适合于发送二进制数据,同时又具有防火墙穿透能力。Hessian一般是通过Web应用来提供服务,因此非常类似于平时我们用的WebService。只是它不使用SOAP协议,但相比webservice而言更简单、快捷。
Hessian官网:http://hessian.caucho.com/
Hessian可通过Servlet提供远程服务,需要将匹配某个模式的请求映射到Hessian服务。也可Spring框架整合,通过它的DispatcherServlet可以完成该功能,DispatcherServlet可将匹配模式的请求转发到Hessian服务。Hessian的server端提供一个servlet基类, 用来处理发送的请求,而Hessian的这个远程过程调用,完全使用动态代理来实现的,,建议采用面向接口编程,Hessian服务通过接口暴露。
Hessian处理过程示意图:
客户端——>序列化写到输出流——>远程方法(服务器端)——>序列化写到输出流 ——>客户端读取输入流——>输出结果
下面详细介绍最常用的两种方式实现Hessian提供webservice:
在开始之前当然需要到官网上下载相关的lib包,放入项目的/WEB-INF/lib/下
【一】、纯Hessian实现步骤:
1.基本代码
首先编写一个服务的接口类:HelloHessian.java
package michael.hessian;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author michael
*
*/
public interface HelloHessian {
String sayHello();
MyCar getMyCar();
List<String> myLoveFruit();
Map<String, String> myBabays();
}
一个java bean文件MyCar.java:
package michael.hessian;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author michael
*
*/
public class MyCar implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4736905401908455439L;
private String carName;
private String carModel;
/**
* @return the carName
*/
public String getCarName() {
return carName;
}
/**
* @return the carModel
*/
public String getCarModel() {
return carModel;
}
/**
* @param pCarName the carName to set
*/
public void setCarName(String pCarName) {
carName = pCarName;
}
/**
* @param pCarModel the carModel to set
*/
public void setCarModel(String pCarModel) {
carModel = pCarModel;
}
/**
* @see java.lang.Object#toString()
* @return
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return "my car name:[" + this.carName + "] model:[" + this.carModel
+ "].";
}
}
服务端接口的实现类:HelloHessianImpl.java
package michael.hessian.impl;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import michael.hessian.HelloHessian;
import michael.hessian.MyCar;
/**
* @author michael
*
*/
public class HelloHessianImpl extends HessianServlet implements HelloHessian {
public MyCar getMyCar() {
MyCar car = new MyCar();
car.setCarName("阿斯顿·马丁");
car.setCarModel("One-77");
return car;
}
public Map<String, String> myBabays() {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("son", "孙吴空");
map.put("daughter", "孙小美");
return map;
}
public List<String> myLoveFruit() {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
list.add("apple");
list.add("kiwi");
list.add("orange");
return list;
}
public String sayHello() {
return "welcom to Hessian";
}
}
2.配置文件web.xml修改
在web.xml配置文件里增加如下信息:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>HelloHessian</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
com.caucho.hessian.server.HessianServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>home-class</param-name>
<param-value>michael.hessian.impl.HelloHessianImpl</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>home-api</param-name>
<param-value>michael.hessian.HelloHessian</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>HelloHessian</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/HessianService</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
3.java客户端验证
package michael.hessian.client;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.util.Map;
import michael.hessian.HelloHessian;
import michael.hessian.MyCar;
import com.caucho.hessian.client.HessianProxyFactory;
/**
* @author michael
*
*/
public class HessianClientTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String url = "http://localhost:8082/J2EE_sjsky/HessianService";
HessianProxyFactory factory = new HessianProxyFactory();
try {
HelloHessian hello = (HelloHessian) factory.create(
HelloHessian.class, url);
System.out.println(hello.sayHello());
MyCar car = hello.getMyCar();
System.out.println(car.toString());
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : hello.myBabays().entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " " + entry.getValue());
}
for (String str : hello.myLoveFruit()) {
System.out.println(str);
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
welcom to Hessian
my car name:[阿斯顿·马丁] model:[One-77].
daughter 孙小美
son 孙吴空
apple
kiwi
orange
【二】、spring+hessian 实现服务端:
1.基本代码见上面的demo
2.修改配置文件
在web.xml,增加内容如下:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springhessian</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
</servlet-class>
<!--
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/springhessian-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springhessian</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/springhessian/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
在/WEB-INF/增加一个叫
servlet-name-servlet.xml配置文件。该文件的命名有一定的规则,红色
servlet-name需要和web.xml中的<servlet-name>springhessian</servlet-name>定义的名称相匹配,比如本例子应叫
springhessian-servlet.xml,这样简单也不容易出错。
当然该文件也可以自己任意命名。如果是自定义的文件名称不符合上述默认的规则,需要在<servlet>中增加<init-param>相关属性,人为指定加载配置文件,否则会报错。
范例:springhessian-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="helloHessianImpl"
class="michael.hessian.impl.HelloHessianImpl" />
<!-- 使用HessianServiceExporter 将bean生成Hessian服务-->
<bean name="/helloHessianService"
class="org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianServiceExporter">
<!-- 定义需要生成服务的实现类-->
<property name="service" ref="helloHessianImpl" />
<!-- Hessian 提供服务的接口-->
<property name="serviceInterface"
value="michael.hessian.HelloHessian" />
</bean>
</beans>
3.java客户端验证
和上面的例子相似,只需要把访问的url替换成新的即可如下:
String url=http://localhost:8082/J2EE_sjsky/springhessian/helloHessianService
运行结果和上面例子一样。
4.spring配置客户端
增加一个spring的bean配置文件hessian-client.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="helloHessianClient"
class="org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianProxyFactoryBean">
<property name="serviceUrl">
<value>
http://localhost:8082/J2EE_sjsky/springhessian/helloHessianService
</value>
</property>
<property name="serviceInterface"
value="michael.hessian.HelloHessian" />
</bean>
</beans>
测试代码HessianSpringClient.java:
package michael.hessian.client;
import java.util.Map;
import michael.hessian.HelloHessian;
import michael.hessian.MyCar;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* @author michael
*
*/
public class HessianSpringClient {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"hessian-client.xml");
HelloHessian hello = (HelloHessian) context
.getBean("helloHessianClient");
System.out.println(hello.sayHello());
MyCar car = hello.getMyCar();
System.out.println(car.toString());
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : hello.myBabays().entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " " + entry.getValue());
}
for (String str : hello.myLoveFruit()) {
System.out.println(str);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果和上面完全一致。
5.com.caucho.hessian.io.HessianProtocolException: expected string at 0x6d异常处理
我在spring+hessian整合测试过程中,客户端调用时,发生了异常,而服务端错误内容如下:
2011-4-25 16:14:44 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve invoke
严重: Servlet.service() for servlet remoting threw exception
com.caucho.hessian.io.HessianProtocolException: expected string at 0x6d
at com.caucho.hessian.io.Hessian2Input.error(Hessian2Input.java:2882)
at com.caucho.hessian.io.Hessian2Input.expect(Hessian2Input.java:2830)
at com.caucho.hessian.io.Hessian2Input.readString(Hessian2Input.java:1362)
at com.caucho.hessian.io.Hessian2Input.readMethod(Hessian2Input.java:272)
at com.caucho.hessian.server.HessianSkeleton.invoke(HessianSkeleton.java:249)
at com.caucho.hessian.server.HessianSkeleton.invoke(HessianSkeleton.java:221)
at org.springframework.remoting.caucho.Hessian2SkeletonInvoker.invoke(Hessian2SkeletonInvoker.java:67)
at org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianServiceExporter.handleRequest(HessianServiceExporter.java:147)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter.handle(HttpRequestHandlerAdapter.java:49)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:819)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:754)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:399)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:364)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:710)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:230)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:104)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:261)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:844)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:581)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
经查资料发现原来是hessian和spring的版本不兼容引起的,重新下载hessian-3.1.6.jar导入项目,一切运行正常,测试完全通过。
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