LINUX查看主机硬件信息

在Linux系统中,有许多命令可用于查询主机的硬件信息。一些命令只针对特定的硬件组件,比如CPU、内存,一些命令可以查询多个硬件信息。

这篇文章只是简单的让每个人了解查询硬件信息的基本命令使用,包括lscpu、hwinfo、lshw、lspci、lsblk、lsusb等等。

1. lscpu用于查询CPU信息

01 [root@devops ~]# lscpu
02 Architecture:          x86_64
03 CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
04 Byte Order:            Little Endian
05 CPU(s):                1
06 On-line CPU(s) list:   0
07 Thread(s) per core:    1
08 Core(s) per socket:    1
09 CPU socket(s):         1
10 NUMA node(s):          1
11 Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
12 CPU family:            6
13 Model:                 45
14 Stepping:              7
15 CPU MHz:               2194.842
16 BogoMIPS:              4389.68
17 Hypervisor vendor:     Xen
18 Virtualization type:   full
19 L1d cache:             32K
20 L1i cache:             32K
21 L2 cache:              256K
22 L3 cache:              15360K
23 NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0

2. lshw显示硬件信息表

这个命令应用普遍,它可通过个人需求而列出多种不同的硬件参数:CPU、内存、硬盘、USB控制器、lshw卡片等等,本质上就是从/proc目录不同文件中中提取对应的硬件信息。

按照下面的步骤去安装lshw工具,然后就可以使用了。

1  wget http://ezix.org/software/files/lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz
2  tar -zxvf lshw-B.02.14.tar.gz
3  cd lshw-B.02.14
4  make && make install

示例:

01 [root@devops lshw-B.02.14]# lshw -short
02 H/W path          Device       Class      Description
03 =====================================================
04                                system     HVM domU
05 /0                             bus        Motherboard
06 /0/0                           memory     96KiB BIOS
07 /0/1                           processor  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz
08 /0/2                           memory     System Memory
09 /0/2/0                         memory     512MiB DIMM RAM
10 /0/2/1                         memory     512MiB DIMM RAM
11 /0/3                           memory     96KiB BIOS
12 /0/4                           processor  CPU
13 /0/5                           memory     System Memory
14 /0/6                           memory     
15 /0/7                           memory     
16 /0/100                         bridge     440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
17 /0/100/1                       bridge     82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
18 /0/100/1.1        scsi1        storage    82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
19 /0/100/1.1/0.0.0  /dev/cdrom1  disk       SCSI CD-ROM
20 /0/100/1.2                     bus        82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
21 /0/100/1.2/1      usb1         bus        UHCI Host Controller
22 /0/100/1.2/1/2                 input      QEMU USB Tablet
23 /0/100/1.3                     bridge     82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
24 /0/100/2                       display    GD 5446
25 /0/100/3                       generic    Xen Platform Device
26 /1                eth0         network    Ethernet interface
27 /2                eth1         network    Ethernet interface
28 [root@devops lshw-B.02.14]#

漠天
翻译于 7小时前

1人顶

顶 翻译的不错哦!

3. hwinfo-硬件信息

hwinfo类似于lshw,也能查询硬件信息,且应用广泛。它也能输出多个硬件部分的详细或者简要信息,但是不同的是有时hwinfo比lshw的信息更详细。

默认情况下,Linux系统没有安装hwinfo工具,所以你需要按照以下步骤自己安装:

CentOS 6

1 #rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
2 #yum list hwinfo
3 #yum install hwinfo

CentOS 5

1 #rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/5/gf/x86_64/gf-release-5-6.gf.el5.noarch.rpm
2 #yum list hwinfo
3 #yum install hwinfo
01 [root@devops tmp]# rpm -Uvh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
02 Retrieving http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/gf/el/6/gf/x86_64/gf-release-6-6.gf.el6.noarch.rpm
03 warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.m2mMAO: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 13a4d2a9: NOKEY
04 Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
05    1:gf-release             ########################################### [100%]
06 [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo
07 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
08 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
09  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
10  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
11  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
12 gf                                                                                     
13
14  00:00     
15 gf/primary_db                                                                          
16
17  00:00     
18 Available Packages
19 hwinfo.x86_64
20 [root@devops tmp]# yum list hwinfo
21 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
22 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
23  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
24  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
25  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
26 gf                                                                                     
27
28  00:00     
29 gf/primary_db                                                                          
30
31  00:00     
32 Available Packages
33 hwinfo.x86_64                                                20.2-1.gf.el6
01 [root@devops tmp]# yum install hwinfo
02 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
03 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
04  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
05  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
06  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
07 Setting up Install Process
08 Resolving Dependencies
09 --> Running transaction check
10 ---> Package hwinfo.x86_64 0:20.2-1.gf.el6 will be installed
11 .....

示例:

01 [root@devops tmp]# hwinfo -short
02 oops: don't know what to do with "short"
03 [root@devops tmp]# hwinfo --short
04 cpu:                                                            
05                        Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2430 0 @ 2.20GHz, 2194 MHz
06 keyboard:
07   /dev/input/event3    AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
08   /dev/ttyS0           serial console
09 mouse:
10   /dev/input/mice      Adomax QEMU USB Tablet
11   /dev/input/mice      Macintosh mouse button emulation
12   /dev/input/mice      ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse
13 graphics card:
14                        Cirrus Logic GD 5446
15 storage:
16                        Intel 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
17                        Xen Virtual Storage 0
18                        Xen Virtual Storage 1
19                        Xen Virtual Storage 2
20 network:
21   eth0                 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 0
22   eth1                 Xen Virtual Ethernet Card 1
23 network interface:
24   lo                   Loopback network interface
25   eth0                 Ethernet network interface
26   eth1                 Ethernet network interface
27 disk:
28   /dev/xvda            Disk
29   /dev/xvdb            Disk
30 partition:
31   /dev/xvda1           Partition
32   /dev/xvdb1           Partition
33 cdrom:
34   /dev/sr0             QEMU DVD-ROM
35 usb controller:
36                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
37 bios:
38                        BIOS
39 bridge:
40                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
41                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
42                        Qumranet Qemu virtual machine
43 hub:
44                        Linux 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 uhci_hcd UHCI Host Controller
45 memory:
46                        Main Memory
47 unknown:
48                        FPU
49                        DMA controller
50                        PIC
51                        Timer
52                        Keyboard controller
53                        XenSource Xen Platform Device
54 [root@devops tmp]#
漠天
翻译于 7小时前

0人顶

顶 翻译的不错哦!

4. lspci

lsppci命令可列出PCI总线的信息以及连接到PCI总线上的设备信息,比如VGA适配器、SATA控制器、其他模块等等。lspci工具是pciutils包的一部分,所以在安装lspci之前,你需要安装pciutils包。

安装pciutils包使用下面的命令:

1 #yum install pciutils
01 [root@devops tmp]# yum install pciutils
02 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
03 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
04  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
05  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
06  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
07 Setting up Install Process
08 Resolving Dependencies
09 --> Running transaction check
10 ---> Package pciutils.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be installed
11 --> Processing Dependency: pciutils-libs = 3.1.10-2.el6 for package: pciutils-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64
12 --> Running transaction check
13 ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.4-11.el6 will be updated
14 ---> Package pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6 will be an update
15 --> Finished Dependency Resolution
16
17 Dependencies Resolved
18
19 Installing:
20  pciutils                         x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6               
21
22       85 k
23 Updating for dependencies:
24  pciutils-libs                    x86_64                    3.1.10-2.el6                 
25
26       34 k
27
28 .....  
29
30 Dependency Updated:
31   pciutils-libs.x86_64 0:3.1.10-2.el6                                                    
32
33 Complete!

示例:

1 [root@devops tmp]# lspci 
2 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)
3 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
4 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
5 00:01.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II] (rev 01)
6 00:01.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 01)
7 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Cirrus Logic GD 5446
8 00:03.0 Unassigned class [ff80]: XenSource, Inc. Xen Platform Device (rev 01)
9 [root@devops tmp]#

漠天
翻译于 7小时前

0人顶

顶 翻译的不错哦!

5. lsusb-列出USB总线信息

这个命令可列出USB控制器的设备信息。

lsusb工具是usbutils包的一部分,所以你需要按照如下命令安装:

1 #yum install usbutils
01 [root@devops tmp]# yum install usbutils
02 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
03 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
04  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
05  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
06  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
07 Setting up Install Process
08 Resolving Dependencies
09 --> Running transaction check
10 ---> Package usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6 will be installed
11 --> Processing Dependency: libusb-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64
12 --> Running transaction check
13 ---> Package libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6 will be installed
14 --> Finished Dependency Resolution
15
16 Dependencies Resolved
17
18 ============================================
19
20 ============
21  Package                     Arch                      Version                              
22
23       Size
24 =======================================================
25 ============
26 Installing:
27  usbutils                    x86_64                    003-4.el6                                  
28
29       71 k
30 Installing for dependencies:
31  libusb1                     x86_64                    1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6                      
32
33       80 k
34
35 Transaction Summary
36 ================================================================
37
38 ============
39 Install       2 Package(s)
40
41 Total download size: 152 k
42 Installed size: 377 k
43 Is this ok [y/N]: y
44 Downloading Packages:
45 (1/2): libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                     
46
47  00:00     
48 (2/2): usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64.rpm                                               
49
50  00:00     
51 --------------------------------------------------------
52
53 ------------
54 Total                                                                                     
55
56  00:00     
57 Running rpm_check_debug
58 Running Transaction Test
59 Transaction Test Succeeded
60 Running Transaction
61   Installing : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64                                                     
62
63        1/2 
64   Installing : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64                                                            
65
66        2/2 
67   Verifying  : usbutils-003-4.el6.x86_64                                                            
68
69        1/2 
70   Verifying  : libusb1-1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6.x86_64                                                     
71
72        2/2 
73
74 Installed:
75   usbutils.x86_64 0:003-4.el6                                                                       
76
77 Dependency Installed:
78   libusb1.x86_64 0:1.0.9-0.6.rc1.el6                                                                
79
80 Complete!

示例:

1 [root@devops tmp]# lsusb
2 Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
3 Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0627:0001 Adomax Technology Co., Ltd 
4 [root@devops tmp]#

6. lsblk-列出块设备的信息

1 [root@devops tmp]# lsblk
2 NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
3 xvda    202:0    0    20G  0 disk 
4 └─xvda1 202:1    0    20G  0 part /
5 xvdb    202:16   0    10G  0 disk 
6 └─xvdb1 202:17   0    10G  0 part /alidata
7 sr0      11:0    1   362K  0 rom

7. lsscsi-列出SCSI的设备信息

列出SCSI/SDAT设备的信息,比如硬盘驱动器、光盘驱动器。

1 [root@devops tmp]# lsscsi
2 [1:0:0:0]    cd/dvd  QEMU     QEMU DVD-ROM     0.10  /dev/sr0 
3 [root@devops tmp]#

完毕!Enjoy this!


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