目录(?)[+]
本文所引用的源码全部来自Redis2.8.2版本。
Redis AOF数据持久化机制的实现相关代码是redis.c, redis.h, aof.c, bio.c, rio.c, config.c
在阅读本文之前请先阅读Redis数据持久化机制AOF原理分析之配置详解文章,了解AOF相关参数的解析,文章链接
http://blog.csdn.net/acceptedxukai/article/details/18135219
转载请注明,文章出自http://blog.csdn.net/acceptedxukai/article/details/18136903
下面将介绍AOF数据持久化机制的实现
Server启动加载AOF文件数据
Server启动加载AOF文件数据的执行步骤为:main() -> initServerConfig() -> loadServerConfig() -> initServer() -> loadDataFromDisk()。initServerConfig()主要为初始化默认的AOF参数配置;loadServerConfig()加载配置文件redis.conf中AOF的参数配置,覆盖Server的默认AOF参数配置,如果配置appendonly on,那么AOF数据持久化功能将被激活,server.aof_state参数被设置为REDIS_AOF_ON;loadDataFromDisk()判断server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON,结果为True就调用loadAppendOnlyFile函数加载AOF文件中的数据,加载的方法就是读取AOF文件中数据,由于AOF文件中存储的数据与客户端发送的请求格式相同完全符合Redis的通信协议,因此Server创建伪客户端fakeClient,将解析后的AOF文件数据像客户端请求一样调用各种指令,cmd->proc(fakeClient),将AOF文件中的数据重现到Redis Server数据库中。
Server首先判断加载AOF文件是因为AOF文件中的数据要比RDB文件中的数据要新。[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- /* Function called at startup to load RDB or AOF file in memory. */
- void loadDataFromDisk(void) {
- long long start = ustime();
- if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON) {
- if (loadAppendOnlyFile(server.aof_filename) == REDIS_OK)
- redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB loaded from append only file: %.3f seconds",(float)(ustime()-start)/1000000);
- } else {
- if (rdbLoad(server.rdb_filename) == REDIS_OK) {
- redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB loaded from disk: %.3f seconds",
- (float)(ustime()-start)/1000000);
- } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Fatal error loading the DB: %s. Exiting.",strerror(errno));
- exit(1);
- }
- }
- }
在前面一篇关于AOF参数配置的博客遗留了一个问题,server.aof_current_size参数的初始化,下面解决这个疑问。[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- int loadAppendOnlyFile(char *filename) {
- struct redisClient *fakeClient;
- FILE *fp = fopen(filename,"r");
- struct redis_stat sb;
- int old_aof_state = server.aof_state;
- long loops = 0;
- //redis_fstat就是fstat64函数,通过fileno(fp)得到文件描述符,获取文件的状态存储于sb中,
- //具体可以参考stat函数,st_size就是文件的字节数
- if (fp && redis_fstat(fileno(fp),&sb) != -1 && sb.st_size == 0) {
- server.aof_current_size = 0;
- fclose(fp);
- return REDIS_ERR;
- }
- if (fp == NULL) {//打开文件失败
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Fatal error: can't open the append log file for reading: %s",strerror(errno));
- exit(1);
- }
- /* Temporarily disable AOF, to prevent EXEC from feeding a MULTI
- * to the same file we're about to read. */
- server.aof_state = REDIS_AOF_OFF;
- fakeClient = createFakeClient(); //建立伪终端
- startLoading(fp); // 定义于 rdb.c ,更新服务器的载入状态
- while(1) {
- int argc, j;
- unsigned long len;
- robj **argv;
- char buf[128];
- sds argsds;
- struct redisCommand *cmd;
- /* Serve the clients from time to time */
- // 有间隔地处理外部请求,ftello()函数得到文件的当前位置,返回值为long
- if (!(loops++ % 1000)) {
- loadingProgress(ftello(fp));//保存aof文件读取的位置,ftellno(fp)获取文件当前位置
- aeProcessEvents(server.el, AE_FILE_EVENTS|AE_DONT_WAIT);//处理事件
- }
- //按行读取AOF数据
- if (fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp) == NULL) {
- if (feof(fp))//达到文件尾EOF
- break;
- else
- goto readerr;
- }
- //读取AOF文件中的命令,依照Redis的协议处理
- if (buf[0] != '*') goto fmterr;
- argc = atoi(buf+1);//参数个数
- if (argc < 1) goto fmterr;
- argv = zmalloc(sizeof(robj*)*argc);//参数值
- for (j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
- if (fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),fp) == NULL) goto readerr;
- if (buf[0] != '$') goto fmterr;
- len = strtol(buf+1,NULL,10);//每个bulk的长度
- argsds = sdsnewlen(NULL,len);//新建一个空sds
- //按照bulk的长度读取
- if (len && fread(argsds,len,1,fp) == 0) goto fmterr;
- argv[j] = createObject(REDIS_STRING,argsds);
- if (fread(buf,2,1,fp) == 0) goto fmterr; /* discard CRLF 跳过\r\n*/
- }
- /* Command lookup */
- cmd = lookupCommand(argv[0]->ptr);
- if (!cmd) {
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unknown command '%s' reading the append only file", (char*)argv[0]->ptr);
- exit(1);
- }
- /* Run the command in the context of a fake client */
- fakeClient->argc = argc;
- fakeClient->argv = argv;
- cmd->proc(fakeClient);//执行命令
- /* The fake client should not have a reply */
- redisAssert(fakeClient->bufpos == 0 && listLength(fakeClient->reply) == 0);
- /* The fake client should never get blocked */
- redisAssert((fakeClient->flags & REDIS_BLOCKED) == 0);
- /* Clean up. Command code may have changed argv/argc so we use the
- * argv/argc of the client instead of the local variables. */
- for (j = 0; j < fakeClient->argc; j++)
- decrRefCount(fakeClient->argv[j]);
- zfree(fakeClient->argv);
- }
- /* This point can only be reached when EOF is reached without errors.
- * If the client is in the middle of a MULTI/EXEC, log error and quit. */
- if (fakeClient->flags & REDIS_MULTI) goto readerr;
- fclose(fp);
- freeFakeClient(fakeClient);
- server.aof_state = old_aof_state;
- stopLoading();
- aofUpdateCurrentSize(); //更新server.aof_current_size,AOF文件大小
- server.aof_rewrite_base_size = server.aof_current_size;
- return REDIS_OK;
- …………
- }
redis_fstat是作者对Linux中fstat64函数的重命名,该还是就是获取文件相关的参数信息,具体可以Google之,sb.st_size就是当前AOF文件的大小。这里需要知道server.aof_fd即AOF文件描述符,该参数的初始化在initServer()函数中[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- void aofUpdateCurrentSize(void) {
- struct redis_stat sb;
- if (redis_fstat(server.aof_fd,&sb) == -1) {
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Unable to obtain the AOF file length. stat: %s",
- strerror(errno));
- } else {
- server.aof_current_size = sb.st_size;
- }
- }
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- /* Open the AOF file if needed. */
- if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON) {
- server.aof_fd = open(server.aof_filename,O_WRONLY|O_APPEND|O_CREAT,0644);
- if (server.aof_fd == -1) {
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Can't open the append-only file: %s",strerror(errno));
- exit(1);
- }
- }
至此,Redis Server启动加载硬盘中AOF文件数据的操作就成功结束了。
Server数据库产生新数据如何持久化到硬盘
当客户端执行Set等修改数据库中字段的指令时就会造成Server数据库中数据被修改,这些修改的数据应该被实时更新到AOF文件中,并且也要按照一定的fsync机制刷新到硬盘中,保证数据不会丢失。在上一篇博客中,提到了三种fsync方式:appendfsync always, appendfsync everysec, appendfsync no. 具体体现在server.aof_fsync参数中。
首先看当客户端请求的指令造成数据被修改,Redis是如何将修改数据的指令添加到server.aof_buf中的。
call() -> propagate() -> feedAppendOnlyFile(),call()函数判断执行指令后是否造成数据被修改。
feedAppendOnlyFile函数首先会判断Server是否开启了AOF,如果开启AOF,那么根据Redis通讯协议将修改数据的指令重现成请求的字符串,注意在超时设置的处理方式,接着将字符串append到server.aof_buf中即可。该函数最后两行代码需要注意,这才是重点,如果server.aof_child_pid != -1那么表明此时Server正在重写rewrite AOF文件,需要将被修改的数据追加到server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks链表中,等待rewrite结束后,追加到AOF文件中。具体见下面代码的注释。
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- /* Propagate the specified command (in the context of the specified database id)
- * to AOF and Slaves.
- *
- * flags are an xor between:
- * + REDIS_PROPAGATE_NONE (no propagation of command at all)
- * + REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF (propagate into the AOF file if is enabled)
- * + REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL (propagate into the replication link)
- */
- void propagate(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dbid, robj **argv, int argc,
- int flags)
- {
- //将cmd指令变动的数据追加到AOF文件中
- if (server.aof_state != REDIS_AOF_OFF && flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_AOF)
- feedAppendOnlyFile(cmd,dbid,argv,argc);
- if (flags & REDIS_PROPAGATE_REPL)
- replicationFeedSlaves(server.slaves,dbid,argv,argc);
- }
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- //cmd指令修改了数据,先将更新的数据写到server.aof_buf中
- void feedAppendOnlyFile(struct redisCommand *cmd, int dictid, robj **argv, int argc) {
- sds buf = sdsempty();
- robj *tmpargv[3];
- /* The DB this command was targeting is not the same as the last command
- * we appendend. To issue a SELECT command is needed. */
- // 当前 db 不是指定的 aof db,通过创建 SELECT 命令来切换数据库
- if (dictid != server.aof_selected_db) {
- char seldb[64];
- snprintf(seldb,sizeof(seldb),"%d",dictid);
- buf = sdscatprintf(buf,"*2\r\n$6\r\nSELECT\r\n$%lu\r\n%s\r\n",
- (unsigned long)strlen(seldb),seldb);
- server.aof_selected_db = dictid;
- }
- // 将 EXPIRE / PEXPIRE / EXPIREAT 命令翻译为 PEXPIREAT 命令
- if (cmd->proc == expireCommand || cmd->proc == pexpireCommand ||
- cmd->proc == expireatCommand) {
- /* Translate EXPIRE/PEXPIRE/EXPIREAT into PEXPIREAT */
- buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
- }// 将 SETEX / PSETEX 命令翻译为 SET 和 PEXPIREAT 组合命令
- else if (cmd->proc == setexCommand || cmd->proc == psetexCommand) {
- /* Translate SETEX/PSETEX to SET and PEXPIREAT */
- tmpargv[0] = createStringObject("SET",3);
- tmpargv[1] = argv[1];
- tmpargv[2] = argv[3];
- buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,3,tmpargv);
- decrRefCount(tmpargv[0]);
- buf = catAppendOnlyExpireAtCommand(buf,cmd,argv[1],argv[2]);
- } else {//其他的指令直接追加
- /* All the other commands don't need translation or need the
- * same translation already operated in the command vector
- * for the replication itself. */
- buf = catAppendOnlyGenericCommand(buf,argc,argv);
- }
- /* Append to the AOF buffer. This will be flushed on disk just before
- * of re-entering the event loop, so before the client will get a
- * positive reply about the operation performed. */
- // 将 buf 追加到服务器的 aof_buf 末尾,在beforeSleep中写到AOF文件中,并且根据情况fsync刷新到硬盘
- if (server.aof_state == REDIS_AOF_ON)
- server.aof_buf = sdscatlen(server.aof_buf,buf,sdslen(buf));
- /* If a background append only file rewriting is in progress we want to
- * accumulate the differences between the child DB and the current one
- * in a buffer, so that when the child process will do its work we
- * can append the differences to the new append only file. */
- //如果server.aof_child_pid不为1,那就说明有快照进程正在写数据到临时文件(已经开始rewrite),
- //那么必须先将这段时间接收到的指令更新的数据先暂时存储起来,等到快照进程完成任务后,
- //将这部分数据写入到AOF文件末尾,保证数据不丢失
- //解释为什么需要aof_rewrite_buf_blocks,当server在进行rewrite时即读取所有数据库中的数据,
- //有些数据已经写到新的AOF文件,但是此时客户端执行指令又将该值修改了,因此造成了差异
- if (server.aof_child_pid != -1)
- aofRewriteBufferAppend((unsigned char*)buf,sdslen(buf));
- /*这里说一下server.aof_buf和server.aof_rewrite_buf_blocks的区别
- aof_buf是正常情况下aof文件打开的时候,会不断将这份数据写入到AOF文件中。
- aof_rewrite_buf_blocks 是如果用户主动触发了写AOF文件的命令时,比如 config set appendonly yes命令
- 那么redis会fork创建一个后台进程,也就是当时的数据快照,然后将数据写入到一个临时文件中去。
- 在此期间发送的命令,我们需要把它们记录起来,等后台进程完成AOF临时文件写后,serverCron定时任务
- 感知到这个退出动作,然后就会调用backgroundRewriteDoneHandler进而调用aofRewriteBufferWrite函数,
- 将aof_rewrite_buf_blocks上面的数据,也就是diff数据写入到临时AOF文件中,然后再unlink替换正常的AOF文件。
- 因此可以知道,aof_buf一般情况下比aof_rewrite_buf_blocks要少,
- 但开始的时候可能aof_buf包含一些后者不包含的前面部分数据。*/
- sdsfree(buf);
- }
Server在每次事件循环之前会调用一次beforeSleep函数,下面看看这个函数做了什么工作?
通过上面的代码及注释可以发现,beforeSleep函数做了三件事:1、处理过期键,2、处理阻塞期间的客户端请求,3、将server.aof_buf中的数据追加到AOF文件中并fsync刷新到硬盘上,flushAppendOnlyFile函数给定了一个参数force,表示是否强制写入AOF文件,0表示非强制即支持延迟写,1表示强制写入。[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- /* This function gets called every time Redis is entering the
- * main loop of the event driven library, that is, before to sleep
- * for ready file descriptors. */
- void beforeSleep(struct aeEventLoop *eventLoop) {
- REDIS_NOTUSED(eventLoop);
- listNode *ln;
- redisClient *c;
- /* Run a fast expire cycle (the called function will return
- * ASAP if a fast cycle is not needed). */
- if (server.active_expire_enabled && server.masterhost == NULL)
- activeExpireCycle(ACTIVE_EXPIRE_CYCLE_FAST);
- /* Try to process pending commands for clients that were just unblocked. */
- while (listLength(server.unblocked_clients)) {
- ln = listFirst(server.unblocked_clients);
- redisAssert(ln != NULL);
- c = ln->value;
- listDelNode(server.unblocked_clients,ln);
- c->flags &= ~REDIS_UNBLOCKED;
- /* Process remaining data in the input buffer. */
- //处理客户端在阻塞期间接收到的客户端发送的请求
- if (c->querybuf && sdslen(c->querybuf) > 0) {
- server.current_client = c;
- processInputBuffer(c);
- server.current_client = NULL;
- }
- }
- /* Write the AOF buffer on disk */
- //将server.aof_buf中的数据追加到AOF文件中并fsync到硬盘上
- flushAppendOnlyFile(0);
- }
上述代码中请关注server.aof_fsync参数,即设置Redis fsync AOF文件到硬盘的策略,如果设置为AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS,那么直接在主进程中fsync,如果设置为AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC,那么放入后台线程中fsync,后台线程的代码在bio.c中。[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- void flushAppendOnlyFile(int force) {
- ssize_t nwritten;
- int sync_in_progress = 0;
- if (sdslen(server.aof_buf) == 0) return;
- // 返回后台正在等待执行的 fsync 数量
- if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC)
- sync_in_progress = bioPendingJobsOfType(REDIS_BIO_AOF_FSYNC) != 0;
- // AOF 模式为每秒 fsync ,并且 force 不为 1 如果可以的话,推延冲洗
- if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC && !force) {
- /* With this append fsync policy we do background fsyncing.
- * If the fsync is still in progress we can try to delay
- * the write for a couple of seconds. */
- // 如果 aof_fsync 队列里已经有正在等待的任务
- if (sync_in_progress) {
- // 上一次没有推迟冲洗过,记录推延的当前时间,然后返回
- if (server.aof_flush_postponed_start == 0) {
- /* No previous write postponinig, remember that we are
- * postponing the flush and return. */
- server.aof_flush_postponed_start = server.unixtime;
- return;
- } else if (server.unixtime - server.aof_flush_postponed_start < 2) {
- // 允许在两秒之内的推延冲洗
- /* We were already waiting for fsync to finish, but for less
- * than two seconds this is still ok. Postpone again. */
- return;
- }
- /* Otherwise fall trough, and go write since we can't wait
- * over two seconds. */
- server.aof_delayed_fsync++;
- redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Asynchronous AOF fsync is taking too long (disk is busy?). Writing the AOF buffer without waiting for fsync to complete, this may slow down Redis.");
- }
- }
- /* If you are following this code path, then we are going to write so
- * set reset the postponed flush sentinel to zero. */
- server.aof_flush_postponed_start = 0;
- /* We want to perform a single write. This should be guaranteed atomic
- * at least if the filesystem we are writing is a real physical one.
- * While this will save us against the server being killed I don't think
- * there is much to do about the whole server stopping for power problems
- * or alike */
- // 将 AOF 缓存写入到文件,如果一切幸运的话,写入会原子性地完成
- nwritten = write(server.aof_fd,server.aof_buf,sdslen(server.aof_buf));
- if (nwritten != (signed)sdslen(server.aof_buf)) {//出错
- /* Ooops, we are in troubles. The best thing to do for now is
- * aborting instead of giving the illusion that everything is
- * working as expected. */
- if (nwritten == -1) {
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Exiting on error writing to the append-only file: %s",strerror(errno));
- } else {
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Exiting on short write while writing to "
- "the append-only file: %s (nwritten=%ld, "
- "expected=%ld)",
- strerror(errno),
- (long)nwritten,
- (long)sdslen(server.aof_buf));
- if (ftruncate(server.aof_fd, server.aof_current_size) == -1) {
- redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Could not remove short write "
- "from the append-only file. Redis may refuse "
- "to load the AOF the next time it starts. "
- "ftruncate: %s", strerror(errno));
- }
- }
- exit(1);
- }
- server.aof_current_size += nwritten;
- /* Re-use AOF buffer when it is small enough. The maximum comes from the
- * arena size of 4k minus some overhead (but is otherwise arbitrary). */
- // 如果 aof 缓存不是太大,那么重用它,否则,清空 aof 缓存
- if ((sdslen(server.aof_buf)+sdsavail(server.aof_buf)) < 4000) {
- sdsclear(server.aof_buf);
- } else {
- sdsfree(server.aof_buf);
- server.aof_buf = sdsempty();
- }
- /* Don't fsync if no-appendfsync-on-rewrite is set to yes and there are
- * children doing I/O in the background. */
- //aof rdb子进程运行中不支持fsync并且aof rdb子进程正在运行,那么直接返回,
- //但是数据已经写到aof文件中,只是没有刷新到硬盘
- if (server.aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite &&
- (server.aof_child_pid != -1 || server.rdb_child_pid != -1))
- return;
- /* Perform the fsync if needed. */
- if (server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_ALWAYS) {//总是fsync,那么直接进行fsync
- /* aof_fsync is defined as fdatasync() for Linux in order to avoid
- * flushing metadata. */
- aof_fsync(server.aof_fd); /* Let's try to get this data on the disk */
- server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
- } else if ((server.aof_fsync == AOF_FSYNC_EVERYSEC &&
- server.unixtime > server.aof_last_fsync)) {
- if (!sync_in_progress) aof_background_fsync(server.aof_fd);//放到后台线程进行fsync
- server.aof_last_fsync = server.unixtime;
- }
- }
小结
文章写到这,已经解决的了Redis Server启动加载AOF文件和如何将客户端请求产生的新的数据追加到AOF文件中,对于追加数据到AOF文件中,根据fsync的配置策略如何将写入到AOF文件中的新数据刷新到硬盘中,直接在主进程中fsync或是在后台线程fsync。
至此,AOF数据持久化还剩下如何rewrite AOF,接受客户端发送的BGREWRITEAOF请求,此部分内容待下篇博客中解析。
感谢此篇博客给我在理解Redis AOF数据持久化方面的巨大帮助,http://chenzhenianqing.cn/articles/786.html
本人Redis-2.8.2的源码注释已经放到Github中,有需要的读者可以下载,我也会在后续的时间中更新,https://github.com/xkeyideal/annotated-redis-2.8.2
本人不怎么会使用Git,望有人能教我一下。