MySQL学习笔记（基础部分）-多实例mysql-5.5.x安装
MySQL学习笔记（平台CentOS 6）
1、添加mysql用户
[root@mysql-slave ~]# groupadd mysql [root@mysql-slave ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
2、配置安装环境
[root@mysql-slave ~]# yum groupinstall 'Development Tools' -y [root@mysql-slave ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ make ncurses-devel bison perl -y # 依赖包 [root@mysql-slave tools]# tar -zxf cmake-2.8.12.tar.gz # 安装cmake [root@mysql-slave cmake-2.8.12]# ./configure [root@mysql-slave cmake-2.8.12]# gmake [root@mysql-slave cmake-2.8.12]# gmake install
3、创建目录/copy实例文件
[root@mysql-slave ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql-slave ~]# mkdir /db/{3306,3307}/{mysql,tmp} -p
[root@mysql-slave ~]# tree /db
/db
├── 3306
│ ├── mysql # 3306实例数据文件目录
│ └── tmp # 3306 mysql.sock存放位置（此文件可灵活放置）
└── 3307
├── mysql # 3307实例数据文件目录
└── tmp # 3307 mysql.sock存放位置
拷贝配置文件（my.cnf）和启动脚本(mysqld)至目录
3306实例配置my.cnf内容：
[client] port = 3306 socket = /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock datadir = /db/3306/mysql pid-file = /db/3306/mysql.pid back_log = 50 max_connections = 100 max_connect_errors = 10 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 1M max_heap_table_size = 64M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M sort_buffer_size = 8M join_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 8 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = MYISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=/db/3306/mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 2 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 32M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_write_io_threads = 8 innodb_read_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192 log-error=/db/3306/mysql_3306.err pid-file=/db/3306/mysql.pid
3306实例配置文件与3307不同的部分：
3306实例启动脚本内容
#!/bin/sh
#init
port=3306 # 3307这里端口改成‘3307’，其他配置无需改动
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="" # 初始mysql没有密码
CmdPath="/usr/local/mysql/bin" # mysql程序目录
mysql_sock="/db/${port}/tmp/mysql.sock" # mysql.sock文件位置
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/db/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /db/${port}/tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /db/${port}/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac
最终结构：
[root@mysql-slave ~]# tree /db /db ├── 3306 │ ├── my.cnf # 3306实例配置文件 │ ├── mysql │ ├── mysqld # 3306实例启动/关闭程序 │ └── tmp └── 3307 ├── my.cnf # 3307实例配置文件 ├── mysql ├── mysqld # 3307实例启动/关闭程序 └── tmp
4、授权
[root@mysql-slave ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql [root@mysql-slave ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /db [root@mysql-slave ~]# find /db -type f -name 'mysqld' | xargs chmod +x [root@mysql-slave ~]# find /db -type f -name 'mysqld' | xargs ls -l -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 756 Aug 19 01:45 /db/3306/mysqld -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 755 Aug 19 01:46 /db/3307/mysqld
5、安装mysql
[root@mysql-slave tools]# tar -zxf mysql-5.5.37.tar.gz [root@mysql-slave tools]# cd mysql-5.5.37 [root@mysql-slave mysql-5.5.37]# cmake \ > -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/ \ > -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ > -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ > -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \ > -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ > -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \ > -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \ > -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ > -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ > -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ > -DWITH_DEBUG=0 [root@mysql-slave mysql-5.5.37]# make && make install [root@mysql-slave ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile [root@mysql-slave ~]# source /etc/profile
6、初始化mysql
[root@mysql-slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/ [root@mysql-slave scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/db/3306/mysql --user=mysql WARNING: The host 'mysql-slave' could not be looked up with resolveip. This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames when specifying MySQL privileges ! Installing MySQL system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK # 看到两个"OK",表示初始化成功 To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h mysql-slave password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /usr/local/mysql ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at [root@mysql-slave scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/db/3307/mysql --user=mysql # 同样方法初始化3307实例
初始化成功后，产生文件/目录
[root@mysql-slave scripts]# ll /db/3306/mysql total 12 drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Aug 19 19:12 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 19 19:12 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Aug 19 19:12 test [root@mysql-slave scripts]# ll /db/3307/mysql total 12 drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Aug 19 19:15 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 Aug 19 19:15 performance_schema drwx------ 2 mysql root 4096 Aug 19 19:15 test
7、启动mysql
[root@mysql-slave ~]# /db/3306/mysqld start [root@mysql-slave ~]# /db/3307/mysqld start [root@mysql-slave ~]# netstat -ntulp | grep 330* tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2809/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3498/mysqld
8、多实例mysql登陆/关闭
[root@mysql-slave ~]# mysql -S /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock # 通过指定sock文件登陆（此时无需输入密码） Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql
关闭mysql实例（此时mysql没设置密码）
[root@mysql-slave ~]# /db/3306/mysqld stop Stoping MySQL... Enter password: # 直接回车，即可关闭3306 mysql实例 [root@mysql-slave ~]# netstat -ntulp | grep 330 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3498/mysqld
9、为多实例mysql设置密码/登陆/关闭
[root@mysql-slave ~]# /db/3306/mysqld start [root@mysql-slave ~]# mysqladmin -u root -S /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock password 'q.1234' [root@mysql-slave ~]# mysqladmin -u root -S /db/3307/tmp/mysql.sock password 'q.1234' [root@mysql-slave ~]# mysql -S /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock # 此时无法通过sock直接登陆 ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
配置密码后，和mysql单实例相比，登陆时，需指定sock文件位置
[root@mysql-slave ~]# mysql -S /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock -uroot -pq.1234 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
配置密码后,mysql实例关闭，有两种方法：
方法一：在关闭时，输入密码
[root@mysql-slave ~]# /db/3306/mysqld stop Stoping MySQL... Enter password: # 输入root的密码 [root@mysql-slave ~]# netstat -ntulp | grep 330 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3498/mysqld
方法二：把密码写的脚本中（注意修改权限，安全起见）
[root@mysql-slave ~]# vim /db/3306/mysqld mysql_pwd="q.1234" [root@mysql-slave ~]# vim /db/3307/mysqld mysql_pwd="q.1234" [root@mysql-slave ~]# find /db -type f -name 'mysqld' | xargs ls -l -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 989 Aug 19 20:28 /db/3306/mysqld -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 989 Aug 19 20:29 /db/3307/mysqld [root@mysql-slave ~]# find /db -type f -name 'mysqld' | xargs chown root # 修改权限 [root@mysql-slave ~]# find /db -type f -name 'mysqld' | xargs chmod 700 [root@mysql-slave ~]# find /db -type f -name 'mysqld' | xargs ls -l -rwx------ 1 root mysql 989 Aug 19 20:28 /db/3306/mysqld -rwx------ 1 root mysql 989 Aug 19 20:29 /db/3307/mysqld [root@mysql-slave ~]# netstat -ntulp | grep 330 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9865/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3498/mysqld [root@mysql-slave ~]# /db/3306/mysqld stop # 无需密码，直接关闭mysql Stoping MySQL... [root@mysql-slave ~]# netstat -ntulp | grep 330 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3498/mysqld
10、远程连接多实例mysql
mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *312639BE4EF3C0F04E07B607FC0B2D60223203BA | | root | mysql-slave | | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | root | ::1 | | | | localhost | | | | mysql-slave | | +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'172.18.10.%' identified by 'q.1234' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) # 授权登陆 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user; +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | host | password | +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | localhost | *312639BE4EF3C0F04E07B607FC0B2D60223203BA | | root | mysql-slave | | | root | 127.0.0.1 | | | root | ::1 | | | | localhost | | | | mysql-slave | | | root | 172.18.10.% | *312639BE4EF3C0F04E07B607FC0B2D60223203BA | +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
远程登陆测试
[root@mysql-slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock mysql> show processlist; +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 8 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql -uroot -pq.1234 -h 172.18.10.11 -P3306 # 远程登陆只需指定端口即可
[root@mysql-slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /db/3306/tmp/mysql.sock Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 11 Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show processlist; +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 10 | root | 172.18.10.10:50353 | NULL | Sleep | 101 | | NULL | | 11 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist | +----+------+--------------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)