Maven常用命令、配置、POM、仓库

（一）常用命令

1）Maven 导出依赖lib 并打包

mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies -DoutputDirectory=target/classes/lib  -DincludeScope=runtime package

 

2）忽略测试错误

mvn test -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true

 

3） 安装跳过单元测试

mvn install -Dmaven.test.skip=true

 

4）运行

mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=org.sonatype.mavenbook.weather.Main
好处：不用向classpath中添加所有的依赖

 

5）独立jar加入本地仓库

mvn install:install-file -Dfile=jar包的位置 -DgroupId=上面的groupId -DartifactId=上面的artifactId -Dversion=上面的version -Dpackaging=jar

 

如：mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=org.apache.commons -DartifactId=commons-email -Dversion=1.3.2 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=E:\workspace\sca-crawler\lib\commons-email-1.3.2.jar

 

6）查看插件信息

mvn help:describe -Dplugin=exec -Dfull 

 

（二）插件定制

 

向插件传参数定制行为

 

1）设置主类

<build>      <plugins>           <plugin>                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>                <version>2.4</version>                <configuration>                     <outputDirectory>target</outputDirectory>                     <archive>                          <manifest>                               <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>                               <classpathPrefix>./lib/</classpathPrefix>                               <mainClass>com.ailk.tosd.ua.hadoop.tool.UAClassifierJob</mainClass>                          </manifest>                     </archive>                </configuration>           </plugin>      </plugins> </build>

 

2）测试过程测试失败错误:mvn test

 

<build>           <plugins>                <plugin>                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                     <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>                     <configuration>                          <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>                     </configuration>                </plugin>           </plugins> </build>

 

3）安装过程跳过测试 ：mvn install

 

<build>           <plugins>                <plugin>                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                     <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>                     <configuration>                          <skip>true</skip>                     </configuration>                </plugin>           </plugins>      </build>

 

4）编译插件编译环境1.6

 

<build>           <pluginManagement>                <plugins>                     <plugin>                          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>                          <configuration>                               <source>1.6</source>                               <target>1.6</target>                          </configuration>                     </plugin>                </plugins>           </pluginManagement> </build>

 

注：使用sun 专用api

 

<plugin>                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                     <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>                     <configuration>                          <source>1.6</source>                          <target>1.6</target>                          <compilerArguments>                               <verbose />                               <bootclasspath>${java.home}/lib/rt.jar</bootclasspath>                          </compilerArguments>                     </configuration>                </plugin>

 

5）配置 copyDependency是只拷贝compile 作用域的

<build>           <pluginManagement>                <plugins>                     <plugin>                          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>                          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>                          <configuration>                               <includeScope>runtime</includeScope>                          </configuration>                     </plugin>                </plugins>           </pluginManagement>      </build>

• runtime ： runtime and compile dependencies,
• compile ： compile, provided, and system dependencies,
• test (default) ： all dependencies,
• provided ： provided dependencies,
• system ： system dependencies.

6）打包所有依赖的jar 中的class 打到同一个包里

<build>           <plugins>                <plugin>                     <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>                     <configuration>                          <archive>                               <manifest>                                    <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>                                    <classpathPrefix>./lib/</classpathPrefix>                                    <!-- <mainClass>com.ailk.tosd.ua.hadoop.tool.UAClassifierJob</mainClass> -->                               </manifest>                          </archive>                          <descriptorRefs>                               <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>                          </descriptorRefs>                     </configuration>                </plugin>           </plugins>      </build>

命令：mvn assembly:assembly  

说明：生成xxxx-1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar的打包文件, 里面将包含所有的依赖文件

 

三 配置setting.xml

 

1）配置本地库

 

<localRepository>E:\Workspace\Java\Env\Maven\repositories</localRepository>

 

2）配置中央仓库镜像

 

<mirror>       <id>maven.net.cn</id>       <name>one of the central mirrors in china</name>       <url>http://maven.net.cn/content/groups/public/</url>       <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>  </mirror>

 

3）配置其他仓库

 

<profile>        <id>repositoriesProfile</id>        <!-- repositories and pluginRepositories here-->        <repositories>                <repository>                  <id>sonatype</id>  <!--id必须唯一-->                 <name>Sonatype Mirror</name>  <!--描述-->                 <url>http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url>                  <releases>                    <enabled>true</enabled>  <!--可以下载releases版本-->                 </releases>                  <snapshots>                    <enabled>false</enabled>   <!--禁止下载snapshots版本-->                 </snapshots>                    </repository>              </repositories>              <pluginRepositories>                <pluginRepository>                  <id>sonatype</id>                  <name>Sonatype Mirror</name>                  <url>http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url>                  <releases>                    <enabled>true</enabled>                  </releases>                  <snapshots>                    <enabled>false</enabled>                  </snapshots>                    </pluginRepository>              </pluginRepositories>     </profile>

 

激活仓库：

 

<activeProfiles>     <activeProfile>repositoriesProfile</activeProfile>   </activeProfiles>

 

（三）常用参数

mvn -e 显示详细错误
mvn -U 强制更新snapshot类型的插件或依赖库（否则maven一天只会更新一次snapshot依赖）
mvn -o 运行offline模式，不联网更新依赖

 

（四）其他问题解决

 

1 存在*.lastUpdated文件无法更新jar

 

     使用maven构建的项目，当本地jar文件不存在时，maven会到中央仓库下载，如果存在网络等原因，jar文件下载未成功，相应目录会存在lastUpdated文件，因为有这个lastUpdated文件所以以后都不会真正下载对应ja了。 

     解决方法：

     1）在执行mvn compile 之前把lastUpdated 文件删除。

     2）使用 mvn -U clean install 强制更新