hibernate 多对多(many-to-many)

多对多(many-to-many):在操作和性能方面都不太理想,所以多对多的映射使用较少,实际使用中最好转换成一对多的对象模型;hibernate会为我们创建中间关联表,转换成两个一对多。

1. E-R图


 

2. 实体类:

Teacher实体类如下:

Java代码  收藏代码

  1. package com.reiyen.hibernate.domain;  

  2.   

  3. import java.util.Set;  

  4.   

  5. public class Teacher {  

  6.   

  7.     private int id;  

  8.     private String name;  

  9.     private Set<Student> students;  

  10.        //setter和getter方法  

  11.   

  12. }  

 Student实体类如下:

Java代码  收藏代码

  1. package com.reiyen.hibernate.domain;  

  2.   

  3. import java.util.Set;  

  4.   

  5. public class Student {  

  6.   

  7.     private int id;  

  8.     private String name;  

  9.     private Set<Teacher> teachers;  

  10.         //setter和getter方法  

  11.   

  12. }  

 3.映射文件如下:

Teacher.hbm.xml如下:

Xml代码  收藏代码

  1. <?xml version="1.0"?>  

  2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC   

  3.     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"  

  4.     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">  

  5. <hibernate-mapping package="com.reiyen.hibernate.domain">  

  6.     <class name="Teacher">  

  7.         <id name="id">  

  8.             <generator class="native" />  

  9.         </id>  

  10.         <property name="name" />  

  11.         <!-- 通过table项告诉hibernate中间表的名称 -->  

  12.         <set name="students" table="teacher_student">  

  13.             <!-- 通过key属性告诉hibernate在中间表里面查询teacher_id值相应的teacher记录 -->  

  14.             <key column="teacher_id" />  

  15.             <!-- 通过column项告诉hibernate对student表中查找student_id值相就的studnet记录 -->  

  16.             <many-to-many class="Student" column="student_id" />  

  17.         </set>  

  18.     </class>  

  19. </hibernate-mapping>  

 Student.hbm.xml如下:

Xml代码  收藏代码

  1. <?xml version="1.0"?>  

  2. <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC   

  3.     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"  

  4.     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">  

  5. <hibernate-mapping package="com.reiyen.hibernate.domain">  

  6.     <class name="Student" >  

  7.         <id name="id" >  

  8.             <generator class="native" />  

  9.         </id>  

  10.         <property name="name" />  

  11.         <set name="teachers" table="teacher_student">  

  12.         <key column="student_id" />  

  13.         <many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"/>  

  14.         </set>  

  15.     </class>  

  16. </hibernate-mapping>  

 一定要注意映射文件中<many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"/>中class的值,它必须与你另一个关联映射文件中的class属性的name值一致,其实就是与你的实体类的类名一致,如:<many-to-many class="Teacher" column="teacher_id"/>中class的值就不能写成"teacher"。如果写成这样的话,就会抛出如下异常:An association from the table teacher_student refers to an unmapped class: com.reiyen .hibernate.domain.teacher

4. 测试程序如下:

Java代码  收藏代码

  1. public class Many2Many {  

  2.     public static void main(String[] args) {  

  3.         add();  

  4.         //query(1);  

  5.     }  

  6.   

  7.     static void query(int id) {  

  8.         Session s = null;  

  9.         Transaction tx = null;  

  10.         try {  

  11.             s = HibernateUtil.getSession();  

  12.             tx = s.beginTransaction();  

  13.             Teacher t = (Teacher) s.get(Teacher.class, id);  

  14.             System.out.println("students:" + t.getStudents().size());  

  15.             tx.commit();  

  16.         } finally {  

  17.             if (s != null)  

  18.                 s.close();  

  19.         }  

  20.     }  

  21.   

  22.     static void add() {  

  23.         Session s = null;  

  24.         Transaction tx = null;  

  25.         try {  

  26.             Set<Teacher> ts = new HashSet<Teacher>();  

  27.   

  28.             Teacher t1 = new Teacher();  

  29.             t1.setName("t1 name");  

  30.             ts.add(t1);  

  31.   

  32.             Teacher t2 = new Teacher();  

  33.             t2.setName("t2 name");  

  34.             ts.add(t2);  

  35.   

  36.             Set<Student> ss = new HashSet<Student>();  

  37.             Student s1 = new Student();  

  38.             s1.setName("s1");  

  39.             ss.add(s1);  

  40.   

  41.             Student s2 = new Student();  

  42.             s2.setName("s2");  

  43.             ss.add(s2);  

  44.   

  45.             t1.setStudents(ss);  //1  

  46.             t2.setStudents(ss);  //1  

  47. //            

  48. //          s1.setTeachers(ts);  //2  

  49. //          s2.setTeachers(ts);  //2  

  50.   

  51.             s = HibernateUtil.getSession();  

  52.             tx = s.beginTransaction();  

  53.             s.save(t1);  

  54.             s.save(t2);  

  55.             s.save(s1);  

  56.             s.save(s2);  

  57.             tx.commit();  

  58.         } finally {  

  59.             if (s != null)  

  60.                 s.close();  

  61.         }  

  62.     }  

  63. }  

 运行此程序后:控制台打印的sql语句如下所示:

Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Teacher (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into Student (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)

一共在中间表里面插入了4条记录。

中间表结构如下所示:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`.`teacher_student`;
CREATE TABLE  `test`.`teacher_student` (
  `teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `student_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`,`teacher_id`), 
  KEY `FK2E2EF2DE6C8A2663` (`teacher_id`),
  KEY `FK2E2EF2DE5BEEDBC3` (`student_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK2E2EF2DE5BEEDBC3` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `FK2E2EF2DE6C8A2663` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
 
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

表中插入的记录如下所示:

mysql> select * from teacher_student;
+------------+------------+
| teacher_id | student_id |
+------------+------------+
|          1 |          1 |
|          1 |          2 |
|          2 |          1 |
|          2 |          2 |
+------------+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

程序中注释为1的语句非常重要,它是建立Teacher与Student关联的语句,如果没有这两条语句,虽然程序照样会执行,但是在中间表teacher_student没有任何记录,也就是Teacher与Student之间未关联。

当然你也可以通过程序中注释为2的语句来建立Teacher与Student之间的关联关系,同样会产生与注释为1的语句的效果。但是你不能在程序中同时出现以上四句程序,否则会抛出异常( PRIMARY KEY (`student_id`,`teacher_id`),所以会出现主键冲突的异常 ),:

Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (teacher_id, student_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into teacher_student (student_id, teacher_id) values (?, ?)
Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Could not execute JDBC batch update

解决上面产生异常的办法是设置inverse属性。即在Tearcher一端或Student一端设置inverse="true",即让他们之中的某一方放弃维护关联关系。此时,虽然上面四句程序在测试程序中同时出现了(其实就是在对象模型上相互设置了他们的关联关系),但程序照样能运行正常,因为了在数据库模型上,只会有两句程序生效,也就是没有设置inverse="true"的那一端会去维护关联关系。有关inverse的说细信息,可以参看我的文章hibernate级联(cascade和inverse).

 

执行测试程序中的查询测试,控制台打印的信息如下所示:

Hibernate: select teacher0_.id as id5_0_, teacher0_.name as name5_0_ from Teacher teacher0_ where teacher0_.id=?
Hibernate: select students0_.teacher_id as teacher1_1_, students0_.student_id as student2_1_, student1_.id as id7_0_, student1_.name as name7_0_ from teacher_student students0_ left outer join Student student1_ on students0_.student_id=student1_.id where students0_.teacher_id=?
students:2

从打印出的sql语句可以看出,多对多关系进行查询时,效率是比较低的。


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