Spring事务配置的五种方式

Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans   xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

< bean   id ="sessionFactory"  

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property   name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />
< property   name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
</ bean >

<!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）   -->
< bean   id ="transactionManager"

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >

<!--   配置DAO   -->
< bean   id ="userDaoTarget"   class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >

< bean   id ="userDao"  

class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >
<!--   配置事务管理器   -->
< property   name ="transactionManager"   ref ="transactionManager"   />
< property   name ="target"   ref ="userDaoTarget"   />
< property   name ="proxyInterfaces"   value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   />
<!--   配置事务属性   -->
< property   name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop   key ="*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans   xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

< bean   id ="sessionFactory"  

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property   name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />
< property   name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
</ bean >

<!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）   -->
< bean   id ="transactionManager"

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >

< bean   id ="transactionBase"  

class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  

lazy-init ="true"   abstract ="true" >
<!--   配置事务管理器   -->
< property   name ="transactionManager"   ref ="transactionManager"   />
<!--   配置事务属性   -->
< property   name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop   key ="*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >

<!--   配置DAO   -->
< bean   id ="userDaoTarget"   class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >

< bean   id ="userDao"   parent ="transactionBase"   >
< property   name ="target"   ref ="userDaoTarget"   />
</ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans   xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

< bean   id ="sessionFactory"  

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property   name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />
< property   name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
</ bean >

<!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）   -->
< bean   id ="transactionManager"

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >

< bean   id ="transactionInterceptor"  

class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >
< property   name ="transactionManager"   ref ="transactionManager"   />
<!--   配置事务属性   -->
< property   name ="transactionAttributes" >
< props >
< prop   key ="*" >PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >

< bean   class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >
< property   name ="beanNames" >
< list >
< value >*Dao </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property   name ="interceptorNames" >
< list >
< value >transactionInterceptor </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
</ bean >

<!--   配置DAO   -->
< bean   id ="userDao"   class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans   xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

< context:annotation-config   />
< context:component-scan   base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

< bean   id ="sessionFactory"  

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property   name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />
< property   name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
</ bean >

<!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）   -->
< bean   id ="transactionManager"

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >

< tx:advice   id ="txAdvice"   transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method   name ="*"   propagation ="REQUIRED"   />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >

< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut   id ="interceptorPointCuts"

expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   />
< aop:advisor   advice-ref ="txAdvice"

pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts"   />
</ aop:config >
</ beans >

第五种方式：全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans   xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

< context:annotation-config   />
< context:component-scan   base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

< tx:annotation-driven   transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

< bean   id ="sessionFactory"  

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
< property   name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />
< property   name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
</ bean >

<!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）   -->
< bean   id ="transactionManager"

class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
< property   name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   />
</ bean >

</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package  com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import  java.util.List;

import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import  org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import  org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import  com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;


@Transactional

@Component("userDao")
public   class  UserDaoImpl   extends  HibernateDaoSupport   implements  UserDao {

public  List<User> listUsers() {
return   this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();

}



}