Relationship between Exchange Server, Outlook, AD

A user's identity is stored in Active Directory. A user's mailbox resides in Exchange. When the user authenticates, they authenticate against Active Directory and Exchange then determines what rights the user has within the messaging environment.

The address lists (GALs and ALs) are all managed by Exchange by querying Active Directory attributes. Outlook is simply a client that handles the authentication against Active Directory and manages the data returned by Exchange.

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