ubuntu 下查看电脑配置

使用命令lshw -short就可以了，如下：

root@cyper-pc:/home/cyper# lshw -short
H/W path           Device     Class          Description
========================================================
                              system         23442MC (LENOVO_MT_2344)
/0                            bus            23442MC
/0/1                          processor      Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-3210M CPU @ 2.5GHz
/0/1/3                        memory         32KiB L1 cache
/0/1/4                        memory         256KiB L2 cache
/0/1/5                        memory         3MiB L3 cache
/0/2                          memory         32KiB L1 cache
/0/7                          memory         12GiB System Memory
/0/7/0                        memory         4GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 M
/0/7/1                        memory         8GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 M
/0/f                          memory         128KiB BIOS
/0/100                        bridge         Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller
/0/100/1                      bridge         Ivy Bridge PCI Express Root Port
/0/100/1/0                    display        NVIDIA Corporation
/0/100/2                      display        Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller
/0/100/14                     bus            Panther Point USB xHCI Host Control
/0/100/16                     communication  Panther Point MEI Controller #1
/0/100/19          eth0       network        82579LM Gigabit Network Connection
/0/100/1a                     bus            Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Con
/0/100/1b                     multimedia     Panther Point High Definition Audio
/0/100/1c                     bridge         Panther Point PCI Express Root Port
/0/100/1c/0                   generic        MMC/SD Host Controller
/0/100/1c.1                   bridge         Panther Point PCI Express Root Port
/0/100/1c.1/0      wlan0      network        Centrino Wireless-N 2200
/0/100/1c.2                   bridge         Panther Point PCI Express Root Port
/0/100/1d                     bus            Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Con
/0/100/1f                     bridge         Panther Point LPC Controller
/0/100/1f.2        scsi0      storage        Panther Point 4 port SATA Controlle
/0/100/1f.2/0      /dev/sda   disk           500GB HITACHI HTS72505
/0/100/1f.2/0/1    /dev/sda1  volume         372GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/0/2    /dev/sda2  volume         3814MiB Extended partition
/0/100/1f.2/0/2/5  /dev/sda5  volume         3814MiB Linux filesystem partition
/0/100/1f.2/0/3    /dev/sda3  volume         18GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/1      /dev/sdb   disk           128GB SAMSUNG SSD 830
/0/100/1f.2/1/1    /dev/sdb1  volume         55GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.2/1/2    /dev/sdb2  volume         3905MiB Extended partition
/0/100/1f.2/1/2/5  /dev/sdb5  volume         1952MiB Linux filesystem partition
/0/100/1f.2/1/2/6  /dev/sdb6  volume         1952MiB Linux swap / Solaris partit
/0/100/1f.3                   bus            Panther Point SMBus Controller
/0/100/1f.5                   storage        Panther Point 2 port SATA Controlle
/1                            power          45N1001
root@cyper-pc:/home/cyper#

其它：

1. 查看cpu
~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
2. 查看内存占用
~$ cat /proc/meminfo
3. 硬盘分区
$ cat /proc/partitions
4. ubuntu 版本
cat /proc/version
或者
cat /proc/version_signature
5.ubuntu 版本
uname -a

比如：
root@cyper-pc:/home/cyper# uname -a
Linux cyper-pc 3.2.0-35-generic #55-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 5 17:42:16 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
root@cyper-pc:/home/cyper# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.2.0-35-generic (buildd@allspice) (gcc version 4.6.3 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) ) #55-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 5 17:42:16 UTC 2012
root@cyper-pc:/home/cyper# cat /proc/version_signature
Ubuntu 3.2.0-35.55-generic 3.2.34

2014.11更新，新学了一招：
cyper@cyper-pc:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS
Release: 12.04
Codename: precise
cyper@cyper-pc:~$ 

或者使用System Tools --> System Monitor

还可以看到我装机时共挂载了4个分区(swap未显示）